非謂語動詞用法小結(jié)

1、非謂語動詞的用法:1、非謂語動詞作主語，注意以下兩個重要問題:（只有動詞不定式和動名詞）1） 是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題 ，即主表一致性如:Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe.A) Its no use (no good) doing sth. 如:Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow .B) 在 Its + adj. 結(jié)構(gòu)中基本用不定式作主語。注意兩種句型:Its easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, nec

2、essary) + for sb. to doIts kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考慮周到的),mean(卑鄙的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do2、非謂語動詞作表語 （動詞不定式，動名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）注意幾個個問題: 1）是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題 To see is to believe2）是時間問題:一般來說，不定式作表語都表示該動作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示“目的（aim, purpose）、愿望(wis

3、h, hope)、夢想(dream)、需求(need)”等名詞作主語時其表語應(yīng)該用不定式。3）動名詞作表語一般用來表示“身份、職業(yè)”等。My job is teaching.My dream of life is to become a scientist.4）另外要特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在分詞說明主語所具有的性質(zhì)或特征: The speech was inspiring.過去分詞多表示主語的感受感覺、所處的狀態(tài)或表被動: The students were greatly inspired.3、非謂語動詞作定語:（動詞不定式，動名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）1) 現(xiàn)在分詞作定

4、語時與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主動關(guān)系；a sleeping child； 2)過去分詞作定語時與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的被動關(guān)系；a broken cup 3) 動名詞作定語時只表示用途、功能等意義；a sleeping bag,4) 不定式作定語時要注意以下一些固定結(jié)構(gòu): 在 ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名詞后；由序數(shù)詞,only, last, next 或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語；如:I dont think he is the best man to d

5、o the job.He is always the first / the last one to leave the office. 4、非謂語動詞作賓語 ( 動詞不定式和動名詞) 1）動賓 A. 有些動詞只接不定式作賓語:decide, determine, learn, want, intend, desire, hope,expect,long,wish,refuse,manage,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,tend,help等；我們把之歸納為:決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法并假裝，主動答應(yīng)選計劃，同意請求趨向幫。B.

6、有些動詞后面只接動名詞作賓語:consider, suggest, advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, put off, fancy(想象，設(shè)想); avoid, miss, keep, keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy,appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;cant help, mind, allow, permit, escape. 能夠用以下口訣實行記憶:考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲再設(shè)想，避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認完成就欣賞，禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準逃亡。C.

7、動詞 want, need, require, deserve 等后加動名詞時表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于 to be done。如:want doing = want to be doneD. 有些動詞接不定式和動名詞作賓語意義有不同:stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事remember/forget/regret to do （動作尚未發(fā)生） remember/forget/regret doing（動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）try to do （設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力） try doing （試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）mean to do（打算做，有意做） mean

8、 doing （意味著）go on to do（接著做另外一件事） go on doing（接著做同一件事）cant help (to) do（不能幫忙）cant help doing / cant help but do （忍不住做）2) 介賓 介詞的賓語一般都用動名詞，但是介詞but/ except作除了時可接不定式。We have nothing to do but wait.We have no choice but to wait. 3）注意： A疑問詞加 to do可作主賓表語。 e.g. We must decide whether to stay or go.B 在某些復(fù)合賓語

9、中，用it做形式賓語，而把不定式放到后面去。consider / feel / think / find / make it + n./adj. + to do sth. 例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time.5、非謂語動詞作賓補(動詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞) 1） 感官動詞的賓語補足語 I heard her sing an English song just now. (sing 是不帶to 的不定式，做賓補，表主動、完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed

10、 her room yesterday.（singing 是現(xiàn)在分詞一般主動式作賓補，表主動，正在進行）I heard an English song sung by a little girl the other day. （sung 是過去分詞作賓補，表被動、完成）2）使役動詞的賓語補足語 make/let/have + 賓語 + do (使/ 讓/ 叫 某人去做某事); Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. make/ have/let + 賓語 + doing 使/讓 持續(xù)地做某事have/let /make+ 賓語 + don

11、e 使/讓/ 叫某事由別人去做； have sth done 還表示“使遭受”；Ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得（請人）修一下我的自行車。Tom had his legs broken while playing football. 湯姆踢足球時傷了腿。提別提醒：被動語態(tài)中，不定式做主語補足語時to 一定要加上。Though he had often made his little sister cry, that day he was made to cry by his little sister.3) leave/keep + 賓語+

12、 doing 使 保持某種狀態(tài) leave + 賓語 + undone 留下某事未做； leave + 賓語 + to do / to be done 留下 要去做/要被做The guest left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious. （被動、完成）Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. （主動、進行）He went to the cinema, leaving me to do all the rest of the work.（主動、將來）

13、We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. （被動、將來）4) “主語 + be + said/believed/known/reported/considered等 + 不定式”，這個結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式做主語補足語。He is said to have gone abroad.= It is said that he has gone abroad. He is considered to be the most diligent student in our class. 5) The boy wan

14、ted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not to it D. do not to為了避免重復(fù)，常用省略形式 to 來代替前面的動作。如： Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to. Im sorry if I hurt you, but I didnt mean to.但be、have (助動詞)不可省 如：China is no longer what it used to be. H

15、e hasnt finished the job, but he ought to have.6、非謂語動詞作狀語（動詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞） 1）不定式可作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語等, 還可以用在某些作表語的形容詞后面作原因狀語。 He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. I am very glad to see you. 2）分詞在句中可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、讓步狀語、伴隨狀語等。如： Having been shown around the school , the experts gave our hea

16、dmaster some advice. United, we stand; divided, we fell. 注意：非謂語動詞的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致，構(gòu)成主動或被動關(guān)系。Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes.（錯誤）Hearing the news, she burst into tears.（主動）3）有時，“with或without + 名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況或原因。 With all the work finished, he happily went home. 4）當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，

17、分詞須有自己的主語，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中多作伴隨狀語。亦可用來表示時間、原因、條件等。例如：The young man rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. The monitor being ill, wed better put the meeting off.Weather permitting, we will go out. = If weather permits, we will go out. It being Sunday today, the library doesnt open.=Because

18、 it is Sunday today, the library doesnt open.5）某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，分詞的邏輯主語不受句子主語的限制，可獨立使用，稱為獨立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。 adv. (generally/frankly/personally/honestly/strictly ) + speaking, judging from / by 從 判斷 considering / takinginto consideration supposing /providing / provided that 假如 given sth./ that 假如，考慮到 e.g：Judging by his

19、dress, he comes from a wealthy family. Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all. 6）某些動詞不定式常用作獨立副詞成分To make things/matters even worse To be honest/ exact / strict / frank To begin with To tell you the truth Believe it or not e.g：To be frank (= Frankly speaking), I dont like your attitude.Believe

20、 it or not, he left me standing in the rain for nearly half an hour.7）分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于帶有關(guān)聯(lián)詞的狀語從句，所以，要注意不能再次使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞。Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. （錯誤）He was told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.7、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài) 使用非謂語動詞的時候務(wù)必注意非謂語動詞和主句的謂語動詞的先后關(guān)系（時態(tài)）以及它和邏輯主語

21、之間的關(guān)系（是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系）。8、非謂語動詞改題技巧第一步：辨別“謂與非謂” 第二步：找非謂語的邏輯主語 作定語時，被修飾的詞是邏輯主語 作狀語時，句子的主語是邏輯主語 作賓語補足語時，賓語是邏輯主語第三步：判斷語態(tài). 在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語是主謂還是動賓關(guān)系。Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughlyC. It was looked for everywhere D. She hurried to a policeman for help第四步：分析時態(tài). 根據(jù)非謂語自帶的時間狀語確定時間The problem_ next is of great importance.(C)The building_ now is our future classroom.(B)The problem_ just now