廣東省惠州市2021屆高三第一次調研考試英語試題(含答案和解析)

1、惠州市2021屆高三第一次調研考試試題英語（2020.07）本試卷分為第I卷和第II卷。試卷共8頁，卷面滿分120分。考試用時120分鐘， 注意事項：1 .答題前，先將自己的姓名、準考證號等相關信息填寫在答題卡上。2 .選擇題的作答：選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦 干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3,非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡的非答 題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結束后，請將答題k上交。第I卷第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；

2、每小題2.5分，滿分25分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ADr Almeida left school at 16 with little formal education but got a job as a laboratory technician in histopathology （組織病理學）at Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Later she moved to London to further her career and in 1954 married Enriques Almeida, an artist.The

3、couple and their young daughter moved to Toronto in Canada and it was at the Ontario Cancer Institute that Dr Almeida developed her outstanding skills with an electron microscope.She pioneered a method which better visualized （ 成像）viruses by using antibodies to gather them. Her talents were recogniz

4、ed in the UK and she was invited to work at St Thomas's Hospital Medical School in London.On her return, she began to cooperate with Dr David Tyrrell. Dr Tynell and his team were able to grow quite a few common cold-associated viruses. One sample, known as BX14, was discovered in 1960. They foun

5、d that they were able to transmit （傳染）common cold symptoms to volunteers but they were unable to grow it in routine cell culture （ 細胞培養(yǎng) ）.However, volunteer studies showed its growth in organ cultures （器官培養(yǎng)）.Dr Tyrrell wondered if itcould be seen by an electron microscope. They sent samples to Almei

6、da who found that they were like flu viruses but not exactly the same. She identified what became known as the first human coronavirus （冠狀病毒）.Dr Almeida had actually seen particles （ 微粒 ）like this before while investigating viruses in mice and chickens. However, when she sent her paper about this di

7、scovery to a medical journal, it was rejected. It was two years later that the first photographs of the vinis she had seen were published in Journal of General Virology. It was named coronavirus because of the crown surrounding it on the viral image.21. Why did Dr Almeida return to work in the UK ?A

8、. Because her family did not like Toronto.B. Because the UK appreciated her talents.C. Because she bettered an electron microscope.D. Because she was the first one to visualize viruses.22. What can vc know about B814?A. It could be grown in routine cell culture.B. It was unable to develop in organ c

9、ultures.C. It's exactly the same with influenza viruses.D. It was identified as the first human coronavirus.23. What can we connect with the name “coronavirus”?A. Its viral image.B. Its deadly power.C. It original sample.D. Its first appearance.BChina's domestically （國內(nèi)）developed Beidou Navi

10、gation Satellite System has been widely used in many public sectors and business fields at home and abroad.Beidou has been used in dozens of business and public sector fields （公共部門領域）in China, including transportation, electric power transmission, fisheries, mining and agriculture.Tens of millions o

11、f Beidou-bascd tenninal （終端） devices have been sold and are in use. By the end of 2019, more than 100 million Beidou-based navigation chips, modules and other products had been sold. The system had by then been fixed in nearly 6.6 million taxis, buses and trucks around China as well as more than 70,

12、000 fishing ships across the countiy. Beidou-enabled functions are also used in at least 50,000 agricultural machines and have improved their operational efficiency. More than 70 percent of mobile phones registered in China are capable of utilizing Beidou signals. In the public security field, more

13、than 400,000 portable terminals used by the police across the country have Beidou-enabled positioning functions. Beidou has also played important roles in security work for high-level events.Globally, by the end of 2019, Chinese products based on Bcidou had been sold to more than 120 foreign countri

14、es and regions, playing a helpful role in a number of public sector fields. For instance, Beidou has helped Russia improve its electric grid inspections （ 電網(wǎng)檢測 ），made operations more convenient fbr unmanned aircraft users in Cambodia, and promoted management efficiency of many warehouses in Thailand

15、 and construction work in Kuwait.24. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “utilizing” in Paragraph 2?A. transforming B. usingC. passing D. strengthening25. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Bcidou System's navigation is accessible.B. Bcidou Systcnfs positioning services vary

16、in quality.C. Beidou System's applications spread around the globe.D. Beidou System's operational efficiency improves rapidly.26. In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear?A. Technology B. Education C. Travel D. SocietycIn some places around the world, you can find bright green

17、 balls of moss （苔解）scattered across glaciers, which, surprisingly, move all at about the same speeds and in the same directions.The glacier moss balls arc commonly called “glacier mice"，and were the subject of a recent study published online in Polar Biology this month. The study's authors

18、believe that they develop from impurities （ 雜質 ）on ice surfaces. u They * re not attached （ 黏附 ）to anything and theye just resting there on ice,“ said one of the authors. "They're bright green in a world of white.”The moss balls don't stay at rest fbr long, though. They moved about 2.5

19、centimeters per day on average. Another one of the study's authors pointed out that movement is a necessity fbr the glacier moss balls because the entire surface of the ball must occasionally get exposed to the sun. "These things must actually roll around or else that moss on the bottom wou

20、ld die,“ she said.Glacier mice have ever been spotted in Alaska, Iceland, Svalbard and South America, but scientists still have a lot to learn about them.One of the biggest questions is why the moss balls, which can live fbr at least six years, move the way they do. The researchers tried to explain

21、this strange phenomenon in many ways.First, they thought the balls had rolled downhill, but later found that they weren't going down a slope 英語試題3（ 斜坡 ）.Then, they thought the wind was blowing them in consistent directions. But when they measured the dominant direction of the wind, that didn'

22、;t explain it cither. And finally, they considered the sun, which melts the icc and may make the moss balls move, but the direction of incoming solar radiation wasn't in the direction which the balls were going in. Still confiiscd with this problem, the researchers said that they hope that one d

23、ay, ftiturc generations will “get to the bottom of these great mysteries”.27. What interests the researchers most?A. The discovery of glacier mice.B. The development of impurities.C. The distribution of glacier moss.D. The movement of glacier moss balls.28. Which of the following is TRUE about Glaci

24、er mice?A. They can move fast.B. They are attached to ice.C. They move so as to keep alive.D. They move from other places to glaciers.29. How does the author explain the unusual way the glacier mice move?A. By drawing maps and making analysis.B. By making assumptions and doing research.C. By doing e

25、xperiments and presenting reports.D. By making comparison and setting down general rules30. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Wind blows Glacier mice to move.B. The direction of sunlight helps Glacier mice.C. Scientists leave these mysteries to future generations.D. It remains a puzzle wh

26、y the glacier moss balls move in this way.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。How do you wake up in the moming? If you set an alarm on your phone or clock that sounds like this: bccp-bccp-bccp. that hard, unpleasant sound may be making it harder to shake off the sleepy feel

27、ingin the moming known as grogginess （ 昏聲沉沉 ）.31 ? A recent study says yes. The answer ismusic.Researchers say alarms that have a melody can help people feel fresher in the morning. The study, carried out by researchers in Australia, involved 50 people. They answered questions about the alarm sound

28、they like to wake up to. 32.Sleep inertia （ 慣性 ）is another term for grogginess. 33 and has trouble getting moving again after sleeping. People need to better understand sleep inertia's harmful efleets on human performance later in the day. The groggincss wc may feel in the morning usually lasts

29、fbr up to 30 minutes, but some may last from two to four hours. Not everyone will experience the fiill effect.34 especially when they perform duties that require a top performance within this period or fbr people who work in dangerous situations shortly after they wake. So, what makes musical alarms

30、 better for waking up? 35B. Possibly the different Iones in itC. Simply the single sound of “beeping”D. So, is there a better way to wake upE. So, what is a better way to wake upF. But fbr those who do, care should be takenG. It means a person has a heavy fueling when waking upH. They also expressed

31、 how they feel about that sound and how they feel when they wake up第二部分完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A,B.C,D ）中，選出可以填入空白處 的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Jean is just like an average 14-year-old in many ways. She loves singing, using TikTok （ 抖音短視 頻國際版）,and 36 with her friends. But you'll find

32、 that she's actually quite 37 In fact, this teenager's 38 achievement is earning a master's degree in environmental science and sustainable engineering.The brilliant teen's schooling 39 began in institutions fbr gifted 40 . She would attend 41 school in the morning and take her onlin

33、e high school modules at night at 8 years old. After finishing high school, Jane went on to 42_her bachelor's degree at age 12. In total, she now has three degrees to her 43 !Jane is still uncertain about the 44 she's going to take, but she knows that she wants it to involve STEM （理工科統(tǒng)稱）. In

34、 fact, she' s started taking steps towards that goal by 45 back. Last year, Jane went on a trip to South Africa. There, she met a few local girls who 46 her passion for STEM. However, they didrft have the same 47 she had back in the US. This 48 her to develop a plan to bring STEM labs to them. S

35、he started fundraisers to buy things such as microscopes and 49 , which she hopes to bring to Cape Town once COVID-19 restrictions have 50 .Jane knows that it's rare tor a teen to have such a long list of 51 . However, she says that it only 52_one thing. uTo get where you want to be, you have to

36、 be committed,“ she said. "When people read my 53 I don't want them to be like, 'Oh she's so smart, I can 54 do that/ I want them to think She's so goal-driven. I need to be 55 / and thus feel motivated/936. A. catching upB. hanging outC. moving awayD. going in37. A. extraordina

37、ryB. seriousC. shyD. curious38. A. hardestB. latestC. furthestD. richest39. A. experimentB. researchC. journeyD. advantage40. A. adultsB. seniorsC. babiesD. children41. A. graduateB. highC. regularD. language42. A. receiveB. recordC. preferD. practise43. A. knowledgeB. nameC. tasteD. relief44. A. ad

38、viceB. chanceC. breakD. path45. A. fightingB. lookingC. steppingD. giving46. A. recognizedB. doubtedC. sharedD. understood47. A. resourcesB. coursesC. informationD. response48. A. forcedB. inspiredC. askedD. persuaded49. A. paintsB. camerasC. microphonesI）, computers50. A. startedB. developedC. ease

39、dD. switched51. A. accomplishmentsB. requirementsC. interestsD. ideas52. A. boils down toB. gives rise toC. looks forward toD. gets used to53. A. reportB. paperC. storyD. article54. A. alsoB. neverC. justD. finally55. A. cleverB. modestC. cautiousD. determined英語試卷5第n卷溫徐提示：將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第三部分英語知識

40、運用（共四節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀卜面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。In recent years, veganism （0K 素食主義）has become one of the fastest-growing lifestyle_56 （trend） in the world. Over 3 million people in the US are vegans while about 542,000 British people 57 （choose） veganism over the past 10 yea

41、rs.What is driving this growth in veganism? First, people attach importance to protecting the environment. They think producing meat and dairy products is 58 （stress） fbr the environment. According to a recent study, global meat manufacturing has caused 18% of the world's greenhouse gas emission

42、s. This figure is 59 （high） than that of all the world's cars, trains and planes combined. Second, many young people 60 （convince） that it's cruel to kill animals fbr food and becoming vegan is 61 ethical （倫理的）decision .Veganism doesn't simply means 62 （eat） no meat, cheese or eggs. It a

43、lso applies 63 fashion and manufacturing. Every year more than a billion animals are killed 64 .（produce） leather products from their skins. Now, many brands are seeking ibr substitutions （ 替代品 ）. So 65 the idea of protecting animals and saving environment appeals to you, give veganism a try.第四部分寫作（

44、共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)概要寫作（滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。（請 標 注 要 點和 詞數(shù)）Teenagers9 fitness is now a major concern and physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong and helps you to keep the right body weight. Sports scientists offer the followi

45、ng advice to teenagers: First, find out your present level of fitness. Then you can design a programme that will help you become healthier.There are three levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle. 440vervveight means that the person gets very little exercise and often has a serious weight p

46、roblem. 4Inactive means that the person does not join in many physical activities, hut is not seriously overweight. "Active“ refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities, but do not have a high fitness level.According to experts, overweight teenagers should work out to

47、 keep healthy. Ride a bike, play volleyball or basketball fbr a while, and go for a twenty-minute walk each day. All these will help to bum calories. Inactive teenagers should do similar activities, but add some bending and stretching exercises, such as push-ups and sit-ups, starting with twenty of

48、each a day. Inactive people can take a little more exercise than ovenveight people because their bodies are stronger. The same rule is also suitable fbr active teenagers.Experts also suggest one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise, together with fifteen minutes a day

49、 spent on stretching and bending activities. They are really important in order to prevent injuries. Some weight-training and other body-strengthening exercises could also be planned in the programme in order to increase the person's strength.第二節(jié)應用文寫作（滿分25分）假定你是李華，你的美國朋友David原本打算今年暑假來中國旅游，因疫情而取消

50、行程。請你給 他寫封郵件，向他推苕中國線上旅游推介活動系列視頻“Visiting China Online”。內(nèi)容包括：1 .表示遺憾；2 .推薦系列視頻并說明原因；3 .邀請他明年再來中國。注意：1 .詞數(shù) 80-100；2 .可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。【參考詞匯】線上旅游推介活動online tourism promotional activity Dear David,Yours,Li Hua惠州市2021屆高三第一次調研考試參考答案【閱讀理解】21-23. BDA 24-26. BCA 27-30. DCBD【七選五】31-35. CGFEA【完形填空】36-40. BABCD4

51、1-45. CABDD 46-50. CABDC 51-55. AACBD語法填空】56.trends 57. have chosen 58. stressful 59. higher 60.are convinced61.an 62. eating 63. to 64. to produce 65. if【概要寫作iPossible version 1:Physical exercise plays a significant role in teenagers5 fitncss.Tccnagcrs arc advised toidentify their fitness level to

52、design a health programme 要點 1）“Overweight", "inactive" and "active“ are the three levels of fitness that urge one to change his lifestyle. （SA 2） In addition to calorie-burning exercises that overweight teenagers shoulddo, inactive and active teenagers are advised to exercise mo

53、re due to their strong bodies.（ 要點 3） Furthermore, intensive exercise is vital to injuryprevention while body-strengthening exercises help build up one's physical strength.（要點 4） （79 words）Possible version 2:Physical exercise is beneficial to teenagers' health. Teenagers are advised to figur

54、e out their fitness level and make a plan to keep fit.（要點 1） There are three levels of physical states, namely “Overweight”, "Inactive” and “Active”, which urge a change of li伯style.（要點 2） According to different fitness levels, experts suggest teenagers do caloric-burning exercises, bending and

55、 stretching exercises. （耍點3）Besides, intensive exercise and body-strengthening exercises are recommended to avoid injuries and build up one* s strength.（要點 4） （73 words）【概要寫作】各檔次的給分范圍和要求（總分15分）：檔次描述第五檔（13-15）1 .理解準確，涵蓋全部要點。2 .能準確使用相應的語法結構和詞匯。3 .有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結構緊湊。4 .完全使用自己的語言。第四檔 （1012）1 .理解準確，涵蓋絕大部分要點。2 .使用語法結構和詞匯可能有些許錯誤，但完全不影響意義表達。3 .比較有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結構緊湊。4 .有個別整句抄自原文。第三檔 (7-9)1 .理解較為準確，涵蓋大部分要點。2 .所使用的語法結構和詞匯雖有些錯誤，但不影響意義表達。3 .應用簡單的語句間連接成分，使上下文內(nèi)容連貫。4 .出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象。英語試題9第二檔(4-6)1 .理解有誤差，僅涵蓋半數(shù)要點。2 .有些語法結構和詞匯方面的錯誤，影響了意義的表達。3 .較