第一講英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析

1、華杰MBA:語(yǔ)法專題第一講英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：1掌握五種基本句型2: 了解除Be以外的其他四種系動(dòng)詞。3: 了解接TO和FOR的雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有哪些4:能夠區(qū)分雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)得區(qū)別。句子的劃分I. 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：簡(jiǎn)單句S+V （主+謂）S+V+P （主 + 謂 +表）S+V+O （主+謂+賓）S+V+o+O （主+謂+間賓+直賓） S+V+O+C （主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)） 并列句 and, but, or 復(fù)合句：名詞從句（賓，主，表，同）副詞從句（狀語(yǔ)從句） 形容詞從句（定語(yǔ)從句）II. 根據(jù)功能劃分：陳述句疑問(wèn)句（一般疑問(wèn)句，特殊疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，反義疑問(wèn)句，修辭疑問(wèn)句）祈使句感嘆句I

2、II. 根據(jù)句子成分：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)詞匯短語(yǔ)從句一.陳述句（五種句型）1. I am a webaholic.我是一個(gè)網(wǎng)蟲(chóng)。Chatting on the internet is interesting.我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。2. Internet dating hurts.網(wǎng)戀有害。3. I like chatting online.我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。4. Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.網(wǎng)上聊天給 我?guī)?lái)很多樂(lè)趣。5. We can call internet addicts a webaholic我們管網(wǎng)上一隱君子叫網(wǎng)蟲(chóng)。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞五種句型

3、Iama webaholic表語(yǔ)1.主+謂+表Chatting on the internetisInteresting表語(yǔ)Internet datinghurts2主+謂IlikeChatting online賓語(yǔ)3主+謂+賓Chatting on the internetbringsme間接賓語(yǔ)a lot of fun直接賓語(yǔ)4.主+謂+間賓+直賓Wecan callInternet addicts賓語(yǔ)a webaholic賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)5.主+謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)I. 常用作連系動(dòng)詞： 變成,變得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn口訣：好是

4、come 壞是 go;天氣、外貌慢慢 grow; 流水、金錢(qián)緩緩 run;顏色、 天氣大不同 turn ； Get become 口語(yǔ)化，如果要說(shuō)就用它 .口訣解讀：Come般表示事物由壞變好，結(jié)果是好的。女口： Dreams cometrue. 夢(mèng)想成真。Go 一般表示事物由好變壞，結(jié)果是不好的。女口： It's such a hot day today that this dish hasgone smelly. 今天太熱了，菜都餿了。Grow_表示逐漸變化，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緩慢變化的過(guò)程，后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變 化的靜態(tài)形容詞。如：I want to grow old with yo

5、u.我想和你一起慢慢變老。Run 與 grow 是對(duì)應(yīng)的，其主語(yǔ)多為能流動(dòng)，能消耗的東西。如：Still water runs deep.靜水深流。Turn多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞，側(cè)重于表達(dá)與之前大不相同By：陳俊霞3華杰MBA:語(yǔ)法專題女口： The weather suddenly turned hot.天氣突然變熱了。 In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out.春天樹(shù)變綠了，花開(kāi)了。Get'become在口語(yǔ)表達(dá)時(shí)用得比較多，但這二者相比，become相對(duì)正式些，其主語(yǔ)既可以是人也可以是物。如：He got an

6、 gry on heari ng the n ews.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他變得很生氣。總之，不管英語(yǔ)多么“變”化多端，萬(wàn)“變”不離其宗。 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的終極目標(biāo)還是為了與人交流，所以多在交流中使用這些“變化”詞， 才能真正掌握其內(nèi)涵。系詞 be 它有三，am is are ，我（I ）用 am，you （你）用 are，is用于他她它；單數(shù)is，復(fù)數(shù)are，認(rèn)真做題不出差。（否句be后not力，疑問(wèn)句，be句首，句尾？不要丟。） 保持某種狀態(tài)： Con ti nue, keep, lie, rema in, sta nd, stay. 看起來(lái)，好像： Appear, look, seem. 感官動(dòng)詞：

7、Feel, smell, sound, taste.II.代雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞、“七給”一 “帶” to不少，“買(mǎi)”畫(huà)“制作” for來(lái)了。帶雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞，如果把直接賓語(yǔ)置于間接賓語(yǔ)之前，必須在變換時(shí)“ to ” 或“ for ”。這11個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞可以概括為下邊兩句話，讀起來(lái)妙趣橫生，效果很好1、“七給” （give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand）和“帶” （bring）8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí)，必須在后面加上“ to ”。即“ vt. + sth. + to+ sb.女口:He lent somemoneyto me.類似動(dòng)詞的還有：get,m

8、ail,offer,owe（ 借）， pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach 等2、“ buy” （買(mǎi)）；“draw” （畫(huà)）;“make （制作）三個(gè)動(dòng)詞，在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí) 則必須在后邊加“ for ” ,構(gòu)成“ vt. + sth. + for + sb. ”。女口:Mother bought a new dress for me。類似的動(dòng)詞還有：build ，choose,cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order（訂購(gòu)），reach 等。3、當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)for和to于直接賓語(yǔ)之后女口： Richard made i

9、t for him。理查德為他做的這個(gè)東西Give it to me 。把它給我4、 有些動(dòng)詞后可單獨(dú)用直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)或雙賓語(yǔ)，如ask,teach,tell,owe,pay.I asked Joh n.我問(wèn)約翰I asked a questio n.我問(wèn)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題I asked Joh n a questio n.我問(wèn)了約翰一個(gè)問(wèn)題5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等動(dòng)詞后必須跟 介詞to,不能進(jìn)行直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換。Could you expla in your point of view to us?=Co

10、uld you expla in to us your point of view?6 易錯(cuò)的動(dòng)詞搶劫/偷某人某物：Rob/steal sb. sth （ 錯(cuò)誤）正確的說(shuō)法：rob sb of sth steal sb from sth.類似的還有：cure sb of ill ness治愈某人疾病rid sb of sth 從-中除去（不好的東西）By:陳俊霞5華杰MBA:語(yǔ)法專題supply sb with sth供給某人某物provide sb with sth給某人提供某物accuse sb of sth控告某人某事cheat sb of sth騙取某人某物inform / advis

11、e sb of sth通知某人某事rem ind sb of sth是某人想起某事warn sb of sth警告某人某情況charge sb with sth扌曰責(zé)某人某事.疑問(wèn)句1. 一般疑問(wèn)句Is this seat taken?Yes, it is/ No, it is'需要用yes或no來(lái)回答。語(yǔ)序一般為：助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)？PracticeHave you been there?Didn'tyou tell him about it yesterday?2. 特殊疑問(wèn)句你什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)？WhenYou bega n to study En glish.? Did

12、 you begi n to study En glish?when did you begin to study English?你在想什么？WhatSomethi ng is in your mind.?What'in your mind?小結(jié)： 用 who, what, where, which, when, why, hoW!問(wèn)。 語(yǔ)序：疑問(wèn)詞+般疑問(wèn)句 或 疑問(wèn)詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。More PracticeWhat time is convenient for yo你什么時(shí)候方便？What'going on here發(fā)生了什么事？ /回事？3.選擇疑問(wèn)句：Do you li

13、ke tea or( do you like coffee?Did you speak to them, or did the manager?Which ice cream would you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry?1. 提供兩種或兩種以上情形供對(duì)方選擇。2. 不用Yes或no來(lái)回答。3. 反意疑問(wèn)句1. 附在陳述句之后，對(duì)陳述句所說(shuō)得事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn)。2. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)有兩種形式：陳述肯定，則所附問(wèn)句否定；陳述句否定，則所附問(wèn)句肯定。The Embarrassed Magician Magician ( to youngster he

14、has called up on the stage):Now, my boy, you have never seen me before, have you?Boy: No Daddy.You have completed that job, hav'ryou?You have not completed that job, have you?三. 祈使句：1. 用以表示請(qǐng)求，命令，勸告，建議等語(yǔ)氣的句子。2. 主語(yǔ)You常省略，只以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。3. 一般沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)變化，不與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。Stop bugging me.Don'judge a book by its cov

15、er.Don'get me wrong.Let'just have a rest.Let'hope for the best.Let bygones be bygonesMake hay while sun shines.四. 感嘆句：1. 主要由what和how來(lái)引導(dǎo)。What結(jié)構(gòu)主要有三種By:陳俊霞9華杰MBA:語(yǔ)法專題A. What a(n)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+謂語(yǔ)部分！What a lovely boy he is!B. What +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+謂語(yǔ)部分！What foolish mistakes you have made What

16、 nice weather (it is)!CWhat + a(n) +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)！3. How結(jié)構(gòu)主要有三種：A. How+形容詞/副詞+主謂部分How lovely the boy is!How fast the time flies!B. How +形容詞+a(n)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ 主謂部分How lovely a boy he is!C. How+主謂部分(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ))How I hate exam!我真煩考試！How he snores!他鼾聲如雷！(二)practice1.分析下文劃線句子的成分Two men were standing at a bar. One man t

17、urned to the other and said, “II 'et you $ 100 that I can bite my left ey”The wager(賭注) was accepted, and the man popped out his glass eye and bit it.Now” he said, ”Iill give you a chance to win your money back.I 'bet you another $100 that I can bite my right eye” h“can'have two glass ey

18、es,” Thought the other man, and he plunked重重甩 下）down his mone y.Then the first man took out his false teeth and bit his right eye. 2分析下列句子成分，并判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)類型。Time flies by.I m on a dietI own you one It slipped my mind Old habits die hard.I enjoy your compan y.I can'stand the heat.Chatting on the intern

19、et brings me a lot of fun.He speaks English well.Teachers will make your English better.They found the dead boy.They found the boy dead.I found the book easil y.I found the book eas y.Tom found Jim an apartment.We found John a loyal friend.I will find you a good teacher.She will make him a good wife.She will make him a good husband 2. 分析下列句子中的雙賓語(yǔ)，并試著用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~改寫(xiě)句子。Give a thief enough rope and he will hang himself.Can you rec