虛擬語氣語法歸納

1、WORD格式虛擬語氣語法歸納虛擬語氣的使用主要體現(xiàn)在三個方面：虛擬條件句、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運 用，以及虛擬語氣的一些特殊用法。虛擬條件句虛擬條件句就是對現(xiàn)實條件的一種虛擬假設(shè)，所假設(shè)的條件一般不符合事實或與 事實相反或在現(xiàn)實中發(fā)生的可能性極小。根據(jù)時間的不同，虛擬條件句可分為三種， 即與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句、與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句及與將來事實相反的 虛擬條件句。具體情況請看下表：例句：1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反If I had enough money now， I would lend it to you.If I were you， I would go to tell him

2、 the real feeling upon him.If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.2. 表示與過去事實相反If he had taken your advice， he wouldn't have made such a bad mistake.She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn't been very busy.If he had taken my advice, he would

3、have succeeded in the competition.3. 表示與將來事實相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.he could certainly achieveIf he were to be given another chance to do it again more.If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.1. 虛擬條件句的倒裝在虛擬條件句中，為了強調(diào)所假設(shè)條件的虛擬性，或突出說話人的一種主

4、觀愿望，虛擬條件句可用倒 裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 有時侯在使用時可省略 if, 把條件從句謂語中的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞放在句首實現(xiàn)的， 句子則可換成下列形式，即 “ were / had / should +主語 ”。如：Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation， I would not have let the thief escapeawaywith so much money.Should there be (= If there should be) a drought， what should we do at that time ?Were

5、 I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2. 錯綜時間條件句 有時條件從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的時間并不一致，這時謂語動詞的形式應根據(jù)它所要表示的具 體時間來決定。例如：， things wouldn't be going soChinese peoplewouldIf we hadn't been working hard in the past few

6、years smoothly.If the Party hadn 't led the Chinese people to liberate the country still live a life in painand poverty.專業(yè)資料整理情并以的況不有時假3. 含蓄條件句從句的形式表現(xiàn)出來，而是通過某個介詞或介詞短語(w it如h ： ，、上下文或其它方式表現(xiàn)出來。這種句子稱為含otherwi ， witho se ut 蓄條件句。例如：but ， in that for position )But for the help from you， but ， you see

7、 ， my babyI would not have had the chance to go to college.I would never mind you making such loud noises is in a deepsleep.It was so quiet ; you could have heard a pin drop.虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運用在某些詞或短語后接的從句中要使用虛擬語氣， 表示愿望、建議或命令等。根據(jù)虛擬語氣的形式 不同，虛擬語氣可以分為“ should 類”和“過去時態(tài)類 ”。2、虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句（1 ）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運用。“ wish

8、 + 賓語從句 ”表示不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為 “要是 ? 就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的 愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“ would/could + 動詞原形 ”；表示過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用 “ had + 過去分 詞”或“ could（should） + have + 過去分詞”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞 sugges

9、t 、advise 、propose 、 demand 、 require 、 insist request 、 command 、 order 等后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用 should + 動詞原形或是動詞原 形。如：She suggested we （should）leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.（2 ）虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運用。作表示建議、 要求、命令等的名詞 advise 、idea 、 order 、 demand 、plan 、 proposal 、suggestion 、 r

10、equest 等的表語從句和同位語從句，從句中的謂語動詞用 “（ should ） + 動詞原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.不相信、理等引導的表語從句指將來狀(b 用 eMy idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.( 3 )虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運用。在主語從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用“should + 動詞原形 ”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、應如此等。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)tha

11、t we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 注意：這種從句表示的是事實。如果說人對這種事實表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣。 反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感， that 從句也可用

12、陳述句語氣。如：It is pity that you' t swim.can3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運用( 1 )虛擬語氣在 as if/as though、 even if/even though或狀語從句中，如果從句表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，用過去完成時； 指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過去時； 況則用過去將來時。如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.( 2 )虛擬語氣用于定語從句中。這種從句常用于句“It is (high)time中， ?定語”從句

13、的謂語動詞用一般型 (that) 過去時were) should 動詞原形，意思“( 現(xiàn)在 ) 該 ?”。如：或 + 是I ' s time that I picked up my daughter.tI ' s high time we were going.t( 3 )虛擬語氣用 if 引導的感嘆句中。如：在 onlyIf only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.（ 4 ）虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運用。情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，表示說話人謙虛、 客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉，常出 現(xiàn)在日常會話中。如：It woul

14、d be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些習慣表達法中。如：Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you.、 should 類should + 動詞原這一類的虛擬語氣是通過從句中的謂語動詞使用形 ”體現(xiàn)出來的， should 可以省略其具體運用體現(xiàn)在：1. 在 suggest ， order ， demand ， propose， command，request ， desire ， ins

15、ist等表示建議、命令、要求、意見的動詞后接的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once.The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development.2. 與 suggest， orderdemand詞相對應的 su 名詞ion虛擬語氣。如：， ord ，erprop

16、osedemandcommandproposal， request， desi ， insis re語等后從句的 表語從句或同位等動中要使用The general sent the order that the battle(should) be held on untilthe complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.3.It is/was suggested， ， 結(jié)構(gòu)以demandedproposed etc. ) 及necess

17、a在(orderedryessent， import ， natur 等形容詞后的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：ialant strangealIt's requested that we (should) keep the stability of the society for the people'speacefullife.It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately.二、過去時態(tài)類英語中，還有一些詞或短語后接的從句或句子，也要使用虛擬語氣，虛擬語氣是 通過句中的謂語使

18、用過去的某種時態(tài) ( 如：一般過去時、過去完成時等 ) 來體現(xiàn)的。1. wish ， would rather 后 的賓語從句。如：He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.I would rather you could teach me again.2. as if， as though引導的從句。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3. 由 if only ( 要是 ?，那