中考英語語法剖析

1、中考英語語法剖析中考英語之現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)剖析1.基本概念：表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；或表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2.基本構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞            過去分詞的變化規(guī)則：            規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞由動(dòng)詞原形加ed構(gòu)成,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表（教師給學(xué)生復(fù)?。?.中考考查范圍： 1）

2、yet, already, just, before, never, ever, recently等表示時(shí)間的詞作時(shí)間狀語，表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果  天津中考：-What are you going to do this weekend?            -I _yet.A.haven not decided B.will not decide C.have decided D.did not decide 2）since, for 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)

3、間狀語，表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)    上海中考：The Oriental Pearl TV Tower_thousands of visitors since 1995.              A.attracted  B.attracts   C.has attracted   D. Will attract 3）this morning, this w

4、eek, today, now等時(shí)間狀語用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中    河北中考：-_Betty this morning?              -Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.             A.Have you seen  B.Wi

5、ll you see  C.Do you see  D.Did you see 4）have/has been to 與have/has gone to 的用法區(qū)別河南中考：Mike _the bookshop .I have to wait for him.       A.went to  B.was in  C. Has been to  D.has gone to4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)都表示過去的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這

6、一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等；而一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，就過去的時(shí)間方面講，只能與一般過去時(shí)連用，而不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。  Tom has been busy now.湯姆現(xiàn)在很忙。（過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響）  Tom was busy last week.湯姆上星期很忙。（過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在沒有影響）5.判斷正誤：   1）When have you got here?      When did you get here?   2) I

7、 have had bought the book two days ago.     I have had the book for two days.   3)I have just finished my homework.I have finished my home work a moment ago.   4)Have you ever met an American before?     I have met an American last year.

8、60;   瞬間性動(dòng)詞（也可叫點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞或不延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）表示的動(dòng)作瞬間即可結(jié)束，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能與表示延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語連用。   5）I have left Wuhan for ten days.      I have been away from Wuhan for ten days.      It is (has been) ten days since I left Wuhan.      Two

9、 months has passed since we arrived here.   瞬間動(dòng)詞-延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：應(yīng)逐一記憶   become-be     begin to study-study   borrow-keep   break-be broken  buy-have   close-be closed   come-be here     die-be dead &

10、#160; go-be away   get up-be up      have got-have    join-be in   leave-be away     lose-be lost    marry-be married   open-be open6. 能力拔高測(cè)試：  1)Where is Dick? He _to the reading-room. 

11、;   A.has been   B.went   C.has gone     D.goes  2）How long_he_the dictionary?    A.has,borrowed  B.has, kept   C.has, lent  D.is, using  3)He said he _the league for two years.   A.has joined

12、60;  B.has been in  C.had been in  D.joined  4) Some flowers_by Li Ming already.   A.have been watered   B.watered   C.have watered  D.has been watered.  5)I didnt go to see the film last night because I _it twice.   A.saw &#

13、160;  B.have seen   C.had seen   D.would see  6）He_from home for a long time.   A.has gone away    B.had gong away   C.Has left   D.has been away  7)How long has this shop_?   A.be open   B.been open&

14、#160; C.opened  D.opens中考英語之定語從句剖析一定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句加定語從句。二定語從句的特點(diǎn)：1.先行詞：定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞2. 關(guān)聯(lián)詞：1）引出定語從句，并作從句的一個(gè)成分?？勺髦髡Z、賓語、定語、狀語，作賓語可省略。2）關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間。  關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose，代指先行詞。  關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why，作時(shí)間狀語。三基本結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)聯(lián)詞+定語從句四關(guān)系代詞的用法：1. that 和whichthat指人或物

15、，作主語或賓語，作賓語可省略，主語不能。Which指物，不指人，作主語或賓語，作賓語可省略，主語不能。His father works in a factory that/which makes Tvsets.      Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?      The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black. 注意：The room in whic

16、h I live is very big.(在介詞后面不能用that)2.只能用that不能用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句：1) 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，定語從句只能用thatThis is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，定語從句只能用thatThe children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.3）先行詞被the only，the very 或the same等修飾時(shí)，定語從句只能用that引導(dǎo)。It

17、 is the only word (that) I know in the passage.Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.4）先行詞為everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代詞時(shí)，定語從句只能用thatHere is something (that) I will tell you.I want everything (that) I want.I am writing

18、to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.        5)先行詞被不定代詞修飾時(shí)（all，any，no,every,little,much,many），定語從句只能用that          Here is all the money (that) I have.      

19、;  6)先行詞是同時(shí)含有“人和物”的名詞時(shí)，定語從句只能用that          I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.        7)定語從句所修飾的詞為the one 時(shí)，定語從句用that引導(dǎo)         

20、Is it the one（that）you want？        8）為了避免重復(fù)，在疑問詞who之后，用that 引導(dǎo)定語從句          Who is the girl that won the first place?3.       who和whomwho指人，在句中作主語和賓語，作賓語可省略。Whom指人，在句中只能作賓語，可省略。Who is the t

21、eacher that Xiao Li is talking to?The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.五             關(guān)系副詞的用法：1.   

22、    when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.when=on which2.where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。This is the house where I lived two years ago.=This is the house in which I lived two years ago.=This is the house (which/that) I lived in two years ago.六能力拔高測(cè)試1.The build

23、ing_we built last year is very tall.A.where    B.when     C.which        D.why2.There are no children_love  their parents.   A.that do not    B.who does not   C.that    D.who3

24、.Who is the man_talked with you just now?   A.who    B.that    C.whom     D.whose4.That  was the year_I went to America.   A.when   B.where   C.that      D.which5.Look at the boy and his dog_are coming this way.   A.who   B.which    C.that      D