高考英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識圖解

1、9 翰森教育-個(gè)性化培訓(xùn)與輔導(dǎo)專家2013廣東省高考英語暑期強(qiáng)訓(xùn) -語法復(fù)習(xí)主講人：張學(xué)龍高考英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識圖解.名詞I.名詞的分類:專啟名詞普通名詞特定人名、國名、地名、 節(jié)日名、書刊名、組織名、 星期名、月份名例如：Jack, the U.K, Shanghai, the Great W可數(shù)名詞不口數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞例如：a boy an apple, houses集體名詞例如：army, audience band抽象名詞,例如：news, advice, weather物質(zhì)名詞例如：water, paper專有名詞須首字母大寫， 其前一般不使用冠詞。但 由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名 詞應(yīng)在其前

2、面使用定冠詞“ the ”the PR.C （= the PeopleRepublic of China） the U.S.A （= the United StatesAmerica） the Window of the Wrld 專有名詞一般沒有單、復(fù) 數(shù)之分。但表示人的專有 名詞有時(shí)可用作可數(shù)名 詞，這時(shí)詞意發(fā)生變化：The Zhangsare having dinner.（女曲e+數(shù)'，意為“xXe婦（或全家）”。 注意：表示名的專有名詞 不適用？這種結(jié)構(gòu)，例如 不能將Jack夫婦或全家人說成 the Jacks ）There arethree Zhangsin our comp

3、any（忌為二個(gè)姓 張的人”）集體名詞通常表示由多個(gè)個(gè)體組成的一群人或事物，有時(shí)用作單數(shù)，有時(shí)用作復(fù)數(shù)，這完 全取決于我們將集體看做一個(gè)整體還是強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體所包括的所有成員。這些名詞包括： army, audience, band, class, committee, company, country, crew, crowd, dozen, enemy, f government, group, jury, population, public, school, staff, team, town, Village然而，有些集體名詞通常只表不復(fù)數(shù)概念（例如cattle,clothes peop

4、le,police）,因此在表 示這些詞義的單數(shù)概念時(shí)需采用相應(yīng)的個(gè)體名詞來表達(dá)。例如：so me cattle a bull/cow/calf （not ' two, three, four cattle '）some clothes - a shirt/a pair of trousers/etc.有些集體名詞通常為不可數(shù)的（例如poetry luggage,machinery,因此只用作單數(shù)，在表 ）f這些詞義的具體數(shù)量或復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，則同樣需采用相應(yīng)的個(gè)體名詞來表達(dá)。例如：poetry- a poem or poemsmachinery - a machine or ma

5、chines物質(zhì)名詞即無法以個(gè)體形式而存在的物質(zhì)（例如材料、食品、氣體），通常為不可數(shù)名詞， 因此無復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不能在前使用不定冠詞a/an,在表示這些物質(zhì)的量時(shí)，只可使用量詞。 例如：water （not 'a water "some wate rs a glass owater但有些物質(zhì)名詞是可數(shù)的，且通常使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如vegetables, grapes, oats此外，在表示種、一份、一陣”等或大數(shù)量、大面積的意義時(shí)，物質(zhì)名詞也可用作可數(shù) 名詞：I ' d like to hawo cold beers抽象名詞即表示抽象概念（例如動(dòng)作、行為、狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)）

6、的詞，通常為不可數(shù)的。然而， 有些抽象名詞其前有形容詞修飾時(shí)，這時(shí)抽象名詞通常轉(zhuǎn)化為表示一個(gè)具體的事物（即抽 象名詞具體化），可用作可數(shù)名詞。例如：I need to practise conversation.I had a long telephone conversation with my counselor last night.盡管如此，大多數(shù)抽象名詞還是不能使用a/an來修飾的，即使其前有形容詞修飾。例如： They encountereterrible weatherfive miles out to sean ot 'a terrible weather'am

7、ily,)II.名詞的數(shù)：1.規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es現(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下:規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh吉尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wive加-sbelief-beli

8、efs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs兩者皆可scarfs/scarves, handkerchiefs/handkerchieves4以輔首字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以兀音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié) 尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrysoes6以輔音字母加-o 結(jié)尾的名詞一 力口-eshero-heroes

9、, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomal不少外來詞或縮略詞加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, kilo-kilos, memo-memos兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以兀音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞多數(shù)是在詞尾加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語里后些

10、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：規(guī)則例詞ion,1:改變名詞中的兀音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,中國貨幣單位。注意：中國的計(jì)量單位在音譯為英語時(shí)，單、復(fù)數(shù)也保持同 形！例如：yuan - yuan3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents雖然上述名

11、詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式存在，且與其連用的謂語動(dòng)詞也使用復(fù)數(shù)，但有些 還是屬于不可數(shù)的，因此不能使用數(shù)詞修飾。例如：belongings （not 'a belonginor 'two belongings 'goods （not 'a gooor “two good s '4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people, police, cattle, staff在表示這些詞義的單數(shù)概念時(shí)需米用相應(yīng)的個(gè)體名詞來表達(dá)。例如：some cattle a bull/cow/calf (not ' two, three, four cattle ')some cl

12、othes - a shirt/a pair of trousers/etc.some people - a personsome police - a policeman/policewoman5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體） 也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）audience, class, famjlyrowd, couple, group, committee, government, populal crew team, public, enemyarty6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs 關(guān)），forces 群隊(duì)），times時(shí)代），spirits情緒），drinks飲料），sand渺 灘）

13、，paper雙件報(bào)紙），manner4貌），looks外表），brains頭腦智力）,green清 菜）,ruins廢墟）7表不 “杲國 人”TO口-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-sh, ch尾的國籍名詞 表示全體國民，因此為復(fù) 數(shù)意義，具前通常需使用 定冠詞the,表單數(shù)具體 數(shù)量時(shí)，后接 -man/men 或-woman/womenthe English, a Dutchman, an Englishman, Fren

14、chmen8合成名 詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law, lookers-on, passerssbory-tellers, boy friends無主體名詞時(shí)將取后 部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches以 man 或 woman作定語 修飾另一名詞是，將兩部 分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)women singers, men servantsIII.名詞屬格：名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：格和Of格。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者 多表不無生命的東西。1 .所有格的構(gòu)成：單數(shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boy ' s fathe

15、r, Jack ' s boinklawer sophoto,39 翰森教育-個(gè)性化培訓(xùn)與輔導(dǎo)專家2013廣東省高考英語暑期強(qiáng)訓(xùn) -語法復(fù)習(xí)主講人：張學(xué)龍復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加the teachers ' room, the twins ' mother,不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加Sthe children ' s toys, women ' s rights,以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加或者Dickens' novels, Charles ' s job, thouSmiths'表示各自的所有美系時(shí)，各名詞末尾均須加'sJapan s

16、and America ' s problems, Jane ' s and Mary ' s bikes表示共有的所有美系時(shí)在最舟-詞末加'SJapan and America ' s problems, Jane and Mary ' s father表示U某人家u U店鋪"，所有格后名詞省略thedoctor ' s, the barber ' s, the tailor ' s, my uncle ' s2 .所有格的用法:1表小時(shí)間today ' s newspaper, five we

17、ekday ' holi2表示自然現(xiàn)象the earth ' s atmosphere, the tree' s branches3表示國家城市等地方的名詞the country ' s plan, the world' s population, China' s indu4表示工作群體the ship ' smaeority ' s view, the team' s victory5表示度量衡及價(jià)值a mile ' s jojufiveydollarsworth of appes6與人類活動(dòng)有特殊關(guān)系的名詞t

18、he life ' s time, the play' s plot7某些固定詞組a bird ' s eyea/iewne' ,sathoow ' s witF知麗措n d(stry3 . of所有格的用法:用于無生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時(shí)：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed然而，在很多表達(dá)中，格和of格可相互替換。例如:

19、 thebus ' arrival - the arrivaof the busthedirector s6n - the soof the directorthemoon' surface -the surfacef the moonof格還可表示同位語。例如：the port of Vnice at the age of 20雙重格即同時(shí)包含以上兩種所有格的形式，使用這種雙重格的情況主要在于of前面的所屬物有不定冠詞a/an數(shù)詞、 不定代詞(例如some, anyeach, sever#)或指示代詞(例如this, that)修飾。例如：a cousin of mine a

20、notherbook of Jack a picture of Davidsomefriends of my brother tHis sook of yours's w a picture of David二.代詞：代詞就是指代人或事物的詞，例如I, you, one, this, nor#。在英語中，代詞的使用非常普遍，主要用于替代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞、名詞短語或名詞性分句，以避免用詞重復(fù)。 通常來說，英語的代詞可劃分為九種：1人稱 代詞主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物

21、主 代詞形容詞性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, somethi的thatt勻可用來指本人或物，它們之間的區(qū)別在于thisjf小時(shí)間或空間上離說話人較近的人或物，而tha指不時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的，它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式分別為these和those例

22、如：This is Mr Lee, English teaching director of our school, and that is Robert Heh, my colleague These roses do look nice. Where did you get them?sM作指示代詞時(shí)常見于省略回答，指代上文述及的一個(gè)事件或句子，與其連用的謂語動(dòng)詞有 appear, be afraid, believe, expect, guess, hope, seem, supple, think：Chinese team is going to lose.m afraid sq (與

23、之對應(yīng)的否定形式為 I ' m anotid )It ' s ten below today and the weathemwin sobefore next week.Don' t worry! We will be there on timeiopeso.侑定形式：I hopenot)Is the news true?I suppose so否定形式：I don ' t supposetso是 I'supposeist')sM在say, tel后，代替that其語從句，以避免重復(fù)。例如：It ' s your turn to do t

24、he washitoday. Whosays soJack, you are leaving for England this SeptembWho told you s?s他可用作do的賓語，指代上文述及的擁有相同主語的同一個(gè)動(dòng)作(彳！由like, think, remembe 等靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)除外)，以避免重復(fù)。例如：My parents have told me to stay off the bottle and cigarettes for a hundred times, but I dosqThough I remembered to switch off the lam

25、p before I left hodmen I 'attlast(not ' didn ' t doso)I do sports almost every day, but my sister never does: (does so')such作指示代詞用以指代上文述及的人或物，可單獨(dú)使用作主語、賓語或表語。例如：Such can be easily done.paidThe conditions of society asech that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods a for

26、 at a shop.such也可用作形容詞性指示代詞，作定語修飾名詞。修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，名詞前需使用 不定冠詞a/an但在no such+可數(shù)名詞'的結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不使用冠詞a/an, 例如：such rubbish such an interesting book such nice flowers no such monsteas dragonsnot Io such a monster)5相互代詞each other, one another根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)語法，each othe莊要用于兩之間，one anoth明于二者或以上。但在現(xiàn)代央語 中，它們在以上意思上并無很大區(qū)別

27、。例如：They helpeofeach othe/one anotherquite a lot in hard times.each otheO one anothefc句中通常只作賓語，但其所有格可用作定語。例如：They are always wearingach other / ohetanother cl6 thes.注后,：mee和mar/能與each others one anotherlffio 例如：We met on a train last October and married two months lartet. ( met each other. and imarr

28、i each other )6不定代詞one/ some/ an yeach/ everyione/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either7連接代詞who, what8疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever9關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn):1one, som由 anyone可以泛指任何人，復(fù)數(shù)為ones som

29、e多用于肯止句，any多用于疑問句和否te句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don' t have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.on曲可指代具體的人或事物，常見于定語從句。例如：He' s always been that enjoys good food.This is theone I like best.some可用于疑問句中，表示說話人期待或鼓勵(lì)對方的肯定回答。例如：Would you like some ban

30、anas?Could you give me some money?anyfe用于肯定句,表示 任何”的意思。例如：Please call us if you havey questions.Any of us know that it is not possible.some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，some表示某個(gè)，any表示任何一個(gè)。I have read this article in some magazinePlease correct the mistakes, if. any som喇?dāng)?shù)詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較級連用表示程度。There are some 3,000

31、 students in this schooDo you feel any better today?2each, every:EaclfDeveryB忌義和用法上比較相似，均接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表K每個(gè)的思思，leach!指代 兩者或以上的每個(gè)人或事物，弓II調(diào)個(gè)體，常見于小數(shù)量；而every 一般用于三者或以上的 每個(gè)人或事物，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，并常見于較大數(shù)量。例如：There is a line of trees each side of the road.For everypound raised, 95 pence goes directly to the poor.Each candidat

32、e gives a different answer to the question.Everycandidate knows the answer to the question.eachdi可單獨(dú)使用，但every不能單獨(dú)使用。例如：Each of the flowers has its own colour and smell.tEouch one of the flowers '')Every oneof the flowers has its own colour and smenot(' Every of the flowers'*every one

33、可指人或物， 而 everyon取指人。3other, anotherOther+M數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，another單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；在特定范圍內(nèi)，則應(yīng)使用the oth噴代另外一個(gè)人或物，the others代其他或另外的。但the othe指代兩者中的另外一個(gè)或多個(gè)中的最舟-個(gè)，為一個(gè)單數(shù)概念，通常用于oneand th othe的結(jié)構(gòu)中，而the other指代二者或以上的所有其他人或其它事物，等于thei+數(shù)可數(shù)名詞'。例如：Our company started out with 5 offices in Shenzhen. 4 were in Luohhleaallheris in

34、Longhua.There are two books on the desk. One is a math booheaotheris an English book.They have twenty-six desks in the classroom. One is for the teacher andersare for the students.(=the other desk s)anoth地息為另外一個(gè)，即可指人也可指物，但anothe是指二者或以上的另外任何一個(gè) 人或事物，因此小表小特指或前面不能使用旭:詞the,也不能指代網(wǎng)若中的另外一個(gè)。例如： I don't l

35、ike this book. Please show another.Do you want to exchange this MP4 playerafoo ther or do you want your money back?此夕卜，anotherEW 義(= one/two, etc. mor或 a second) /、同(=different)的意思。例如：It tastes really nice. Ianothi erd耶eIt will be summer again another two months.This method does not work, so let ano

36、ther: ' s try在表不一者或以上的一個(gè)、一個(gè)、一個(gè)時(shí)，anoth地可與one1用構(gòu)成one another the/a third the/OfouTth, etc.:Look at the three boysOne is shouting,anotheris crying andthe other(or 'the third ' ) i into his telephone loudly.es talking4one/onesone乍代詞時(shí)用于指代上文表示人或事物的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，以避免用詞重復(fù)。例如：Excuse me! Can you get me a

37、newspaperSorry, I don' t know wherneto getA good teacher should onegood at encouraging one' s students.Personally, I likfelack teabetter thaigreen tea (not than green one )如上文提及的人或事物前有名詞修飾時(shí)，則不能使用one旨代。例如：Did you say you need a dinner tray or an ash tnoy ? (dinner tray or an ash on e)one乍代詞時(shí)可

38、用于泛指人們，意為人人、任何人”，這種用法有時(shí)也使用you。例如：One should do one's duty.You can't enjoy yourself if you are too tired.on曲可指代具體的人或事物。例如：He' s always beee that enjoys good food.This is theone I like best.如指代的人或事物為復(fù)數(shù)，則應(yīng)使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones詞時(shí)，one也有自己的所有格和反身代詞形式：one'和oneselfall, both, either, anyall和both表示全者B ,

39、但all用于二者或以上，both只表小兩者。either any表示 任何一個(gè)，但either指代兩者中的任何一個(gè)，而any指代二者或以上中的 任何一個(gè)或一些。表小 都不 的思思時(shí)，不能使用not否te句，應(yīng)使用neither, none三.冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, a。，定冠詞（the）,和零冠詞。I.不定冠詞的用法：1指,類人或事，相當(dāng)于 a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly2A次提及某人某物A boy is waiting for you.3表tk 隼- 相當(dāng)于 every, oneWe study eight hours a d ay4

40、用于“ of/a+ a用詞”結(jié)本中，表示“同一”（=the same）We are nearly of an age.Birds of a feather flock together. 以類聚)5用于專有名詞前，表示某人、某種人物、或某 人的作品：A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outI'm a Chinese, or exactly Han.This young man is very clever. Hemay be an Edison.(or anoth Edisor).I read a Mark Twain yester

41、day才6表小數(shù)里（-one,但不能互換）以及在表小 數(shù)量的限定詞前：a day or two (-one or two days), a quarter of a cenOucap of coffee, hundreda7用在序數(shù)詞前,表7K又一，（-one moreCould you please get me a second cup of coffee?8用在抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前，表示“一種、 一次、一份、一陣”等意思：A cold beer, please!There was a heavy rain in the night.9用于固定詞組中as a matter of fact,

42、 as a result, a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, headache, in a hurrn a wayin a minute, have a walk, many a timehave a10用丁 quite, rather, manyalf, what, suc比后This room is rather a big one.11用于so（as, too, how用谷詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II.定冠詞（the兩用法:1表示某一類人或物The horse is a

43、 useful animal.火y2用于世上獨(dú)f二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于樂器前面play the violin, play the guitar但在以漢語拼首表示的樂命名稱前則不用旭:詞：I m much fond of playinErhu5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the living, the wounded6在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示“xx 一家人”或“xx夫婦”， 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

44、：the Smiths, the Lees, theangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前He is the taller of the two children.8在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脈、海灣、海峽、運(yùn)河、群the Yellow River, the West Lake, the Indian Ocean, the Roc島等名詞前：Mountains, the Alps, the English Channel:h .注：如上所述，在表示山脈和群島的地理名詞前要加定冠詞，所以請注意：在表示獨(dú)山和孤島的地理名詞前不 加冠詞：Mount Tai Mount Emei Christma

45、s Island9 1用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代in the 1990' s11由by表示 按計(jì)算”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，該短語中的度量單 位名稱前要加the：I hired the car by the hour.注：by weight按重重計(jì)算，該表達(dá)中不使用旭:詞。12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時(shí)間的詞組前He patted me on the shoulder.13在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前：the Great Wll, the White House, the Comm

46、unist Party of C14在國籍、階級等名詞前，表示全體國民、階級等，謂 語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The Chinese are hard working and brave.The lower-income class have had a tough time of it.15在 only ,very samet前：In our class, you are the only one that has caught my eye16在動(dòng)詞（如take, catch hit等）+某人+the+身體部位 的短語結(jié)構(gòu)中：The bullet hit the police officer in

47、 the shoulder. This morning I saw him lead a girl by the handIII.零冠詞的用法:1專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前Beijing University Jack, China, love, air2名詞前后 this, my whose, some, no, each, every!制I want this book, not that one.Whose purse is this?3；季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, SundayNational Dayspring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前L

48、incoln was made President of America.5學(xué)科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以and連接的兩個(gè)相對的名詞并用時(shí)husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals.四.形容詞和副詞I.形容詞：1 .形容詞的語法作用:定語a difficult questionmodernhousesp rettygirls表

49、語It's smalllike a mouse.It tastes reallyice.補(bǔ)語主語補(bǔ)語Some people were drivenad by the stock market.賓語補(bǔ)語Too much homework makes the students very!狀語The workers spent a whole day in the wind and snow,and hungry2 .形容詞的分類:定語形容詞名詞加-en構(gòu)成的形容詞golden sun, woolen gloves以en結(jié)尾的過去分詞Spoken English, a hidden micr

50、ophone表示比較的形容詞Elder brother以詞加ly結(jié)尾表示時(shí)間的形容詞Daily life, weekly meeting表語形容詞以字母a開頭的形容詞Afraid, asleep, alike, alone表示健康狀況的well和illShe looks well.表示情感和心理狀態(tài)的形容詞Glad, sorrysure其它Worth, unable3 .形容詞的位置：1）形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置:1修飾some, anyevery no和body thing, on靜構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)nobody absent, everything possible2以-a

51、ble, -ible吉尾的形谷詞可置于后最局級或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only solution post)ible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleepthe only person awake4和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)a bridge 50 meters long5成對的形容，可可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容詞短語一般后置a man difficult to get on with2）多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序:代詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞冠詞前 的形容 詞冠

52、詞指示代詞不定代詞代詞所有格序數(shù) 詞基數(shù)詞性質(zhì) 狀態(tài)大小形狀新舊 溫度顏色國籍 產(chǎn)地材料 質(zhì)地名 詞all both suchthe a this another yoursecond nextone fourbeautiful good poorlarge shortsquarenew coolblack yellowChinese Londonsilk stone多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序記憶口訣：限觀形齡色國材3）復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成:1形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted6名詞+形容詞world-famous2形容詞+形容詞dark-blue7r名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-lovi

53、ng3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-lookingI'名詞+過去分詞snow-covered4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working9數(shù)詞+名詞+edthree-egged5副詞+過去分詞newly-built10:數(shù)詞+名詞twenty-yearII.副詞副詞的分類:1時(shí)間副詞soon, now early finally; once, recently6疑問副詞how, where, when, why2地點(diǎn)副詞here, nearbyoutside, upwards； above7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, however, mea

54、nwhile3方式副詞hard； well, fast, slowlyexcitedly really8關(guān)系副詞when, where, why4程度副詞almost, nearlyvery fairly, quite, rather9句子U詞Fortunately hopefully interestingly注：這類副詞是修飾整個(gè)句子，表示說話 人的看法，也稱評注性狀語副詞。5頻度副詞always, often, frequentlyeldom, neverIII.形容詞與副詞對照大部分形容詞后加-ly構(gòu)成副詞例如：careful- carefuHyslow - slowly happy

55、- happily形副同形例如：fast -fast, hard-hard, high- high, low - low其它有些詞本身是副詞，但與其形容詞向形，有時(shí)在這些詞后加-ly后又可以構(gòu)成另外一 種意義的副詞。例如：hard （努力地）hardly （TL乎不）clean （完全地）-cleanly （干凈地）high （局局地）-highly CE常）loud （晌鳧地）-loudly地）W.形容詞和副詞比較等級:形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級，比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est 多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more和most1形容詞的原級常用 a

56、s as-,not so(as)asI am not so good a player as you are.2形容詞的比較級常用“比較級+than'結(jié)構(gòu)。The Earth is larger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.注：但某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞構(gòu)成比較結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，使用to替代tharb c.f. prefer例如：This task is prior to all othe 比較級可由以下詞語修飾:much, manya lot, even, far (a lot), a bit, a little, still, yet,siightly此外，原級和比較級還可由表示倍數(shù)的詞來修飾。例如：Our school is three times larger than yours.Our school is four times as large as yours.Our school is