中考目標(biāo)聚焦初中閱讀理解解題技巧

1、初中閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解是中考的必考題型之一，每年都會(huì)有34 篇文章。 閱讀理解的材料一般以故事類占主導(dǎo)， 但近幾年有了改變，科普知識(shí)、 生活常識(shí)、 風(fēng)土人情、 名人軼事以及天文、地理、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、科技等自然科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)以及背景知識(shí)，都是考查的范疇。在 2006、 2007、2008、 2009 年的中考中，有些省份閱讀理解題出現(xiàn)了應(yīng)用文，諸如信件、 e-mail 、廣告、電視節(jié)目單、列車時(shí)刻表、旅游路線圖、電話記錄、統(tǒng)計(jì)圖表等。所以，大家在備考中應(yīng)當(dāng)留意身邊的各種信息。因?yàn)殚喿x理解在中考中占30-40 分。一、考查內(nèi)容： “閱讀理解”主要考查學(xué)生以下幾個(gè)方面的閱讀理解能力：1. 理解和

2、把握文章主旨要義（包括段落大意）和中心思想的能力。2. 理解和把握文章具體信息（事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)） ，獲取有關(guān)信息，尤其是主要信息、關(guān)鍵信息的能力，以及根據(jù)文章推測(cè)詞意、句意的能力。3. 根據(jù)文章進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算和推算的能力。4. 既理解詞、詞語(yǔ)、句子、文章的表層意思，更要理解其深層含義和抽象概念的能力。5. 理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系， 根據(jù)已知信息 （文意） 進(jìn)行合理推理判斷 （主要包括推斷作者態(tài)度、意圖、觀點(diǎn)等）的能力和預(yù)測(cè)新信息的能力。6. 閱讀和答題速度以及答題正確率是符合“新課標(biāo)”的要求。二、解題技巧：1. 順序法：先讀懂文章，然后按順序答題。此方法適合于內(nèi)容較易于理解和記憶的文章。2. 顛倒

3、法： 先讀試題，再讀文章。這樣， 我們可以帶著問(wèn)題有的放矢地閱讀文章并迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)答案。3. 交叉法：先閱讀一篇文章，把握中心大意后，開(kāi)始答題；對(duì)暫時(shí)確定不了的答案，可在此回讀文章的有關(guān)內(nèi)容并對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析、推敲后再確定答案。4. 排除法： 對(duì)于拿不準(zhǔn)的答案，可以先逐項(xiàng)排除自己有把握的錯(cuò)誤答案，再將剩下的答案進(jìn)行比較、篩選，直到確定最佳答案。5. 要求取先易后難的策略。6. 要尊重原材料中的信息、觀點(diǎn)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上答題；不要憑想當(dāng)然、主觀臆測(cè)答題，不要鉆牛角尖。三、實(shí)例講解【例 1】Jane Goodball first made friends with a chimp(黑猩猩 )when she

4、 was one yearold.On her first birthday her mother carried her to the zoo near her home andboughthera toychimp.She loved herfurry( 毛絨 )friendverymuch. At age7, JaneGoodball read Dr.Doolittle,abook abouta doctorwho couldtalkto animals.Shewanted to be able to talk to her favourite animals,too.She expec

5、ted to go toAfricasome day so thatshecould learn more aboutchimps.When Jane grew up,shestilldreamed ofgoingto Africa.Shegotherwishwhen she was 26 yearsold.Shewent to Gombe National Park where many chimps lived in the forests.Jane watched the chimps closely day after day.She saw that they were a lotl

6、ike people.Theycouldthinkand make plants.Theyused tools.Theyshowed theirfear,pain,orpleasure.Sometimes,theyfought.Often,theyhugged( 擁 抱 )andkissed.Scientistswere surprisedby what Jane saw.Theyknew thatthe relationbetweenchimpsand humans was the closest.However,theydid notknow theyactedso muchlike us

7、.Jane stillhas thetoychimp she was given as a child.She has studied her furryfriends for 30 years .Now,she speaks for them to groups around the world.Shehopes that what she has to say will make others do something to protect chimpsfrom being hurt.1.When Jane was 7,she wanted_.A.to read Dr. Doolittle

8、 againB.to talk to animals,tooC.to buy another toy chimpD.to meet a doctor at once2.Jane went to Gombe National Park to_.A.have a trip thereB.train a baby chimpC.learn more about chimpsD.protect the chimps there3.The scientists were surprised when they heard that_.A.the chimps could act so much like

9、 humansB.Jane had been in Africa for such a long timeC.Jane watched the chimps closely day after dayD.Jane still had the toy chimp she was given as a child4.Jane speaks for chimps to groups around the world to_.A.help the scientists learn more about chimpsB.study her furry friends in some oyher coun

10、triesC.make more people do something to protect chimpsD.let people know that chimps are lovely animals5.From the passage,we can learn that_.A.Jane found more about chimps than the scientists didB.Jane dreamed of going to Africa when she was 26C.Jane could talk to chimps with the help of the scientis

11、tsD.Jane knew nothing about chimps before going to Africa解析：這篇文章介紹的主人公是Jane Goodball ，在她一歲時(shí)，媽媽帶她去動(dòng)物園，并給她買(mǎi)了個(gè)毛絨黑猩猩，所以，她從小就喜歡上了黑猩猩。七歲時(shí)希望自己像書(shū)中的醫(yī)生一樣可以和猩猩對(duì)話， 以便更多的了解它們， 二十六歲時(shí)， 她去了非洲的GombeNationalPark ，在那里她發(fā)現(xiàn)黑猩猩在行為、感情等方面和人非常相似，也知道了黑猩猩和人類的關(guān)系。 她對(duì)黑猩猩研究了三十多年，她到世界各地去演講，希望喚起人們保護(hù)黑猩猩的意識(shí)。本文所設(shè)置的題目有可以直接從文中找到答案的客觀題，14

12、 題都是對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的考查；第五題屬于考查推理的主觀題。1.B通過(guò)原文中的句子At age7, Jane Goodball read Dr. Doolittle,a book about adoctorwho couldtalkto animals.Shewanted to be ableto talkto her favouriteanimals,too.可以直接選出答案B2.C第一段的She expected to go to Africa some day so that she could learn moreabout chimps.直接表明了此題的答案。3.A原文第三段的第一句話Scie

13、ntistswere surprisedby what Jane saw，而what Janesaw 就是指黑猩猩的行為和人類很相似。4.C從文章的最后兩句可以直接找到答案5A 根據(jù)第三段推理，可以直接得到答案。也可以排除B、C、D 這三個(gè)與文章不符的選項(xiàng)，從而得到答案?！纠?2】：Theclock struck eleven at night.The wholehouse wasquiet .Everyonewas in bedexcept me.Under the strong light,I looked sadly before me at a huge pile of thattro

14、ublesome stuff(東西 )they call“ books ” .I was going to have my examination thenext day. “ When can I go to bed?” I asked myself.I didnt answer,in fact I darednot.The clock struck twelve.“Oh,dear!” I cried. “ Ten more books to read before Ican go tobed! ” We pupilsare themost wretched creaturesinthe w

15、orld.Daddoes notagree with me on this.He did not have to work so hard when he was a boy.The clock struck one.I wasquitedesperate(絕 望 的 )now.IforgotallI hadlearned.Iwas tootired togo on.Idid theonlythingI could.Iprayed, “Oh,God,pleasehelp me pass the exam tomorrow.I do promise to work hard afterwards

16、.Amen” My eyeswere soheavy thatI couldhardlyopen them.Afew minuteslater,withmy head on thedesk,I fell asleep.( )1.When the author was going over his lesson,all the others in the house were_.A.asleepB.outsideC.working in bedD.quietly laughing at him( )2.The underline word wretched in Paragraph1 proba

17、bly means_.A.very happy B.disappointed(失望的 )C.very unhappy D.hopeful( )3.Reviewing his lesson didnt help him because_.A.it was too late at nightB.he was very tiredC.his eye lids were so heavy that he couldn t keep them openD.he hadn t studied hard before the examination( )4.What do you suppose happe

18、ned to the author?A.He went to a church to pray again.B.He passed the exam by sheer luck.C.He failed in the exam.D.He was punished by his teacher.( )5.The best title for the passage would be_.A.The Night before the examination.B.Working Far into the Night.C.A Slow Student.D.Going Over My Lessons.【解題思路與答案】 ：1. 第一題考查對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的理解。第一段“Everyone was in bed except me.”（除了我每個(gè)人都睡下了。）故選 A2. 第二題考查對(duì)詞義的理解和猜測(cè)。深夜，別人都已經(jīng)是 “ inbed”了。 而“I looked sadlybefore me at a huge pile of that troublesome stuff(東西 ) ”（我痛苦的看著面前這一大堆令人麻煩的東西。 ）我不想睡嗎？是我不敢。這時(shí)作者做出這樣的結(jié)論： “ Wepupilsarethe most wretched creatures in the world.”（