中國文化與翻譯考試資料 發(fā)給學(xué)生

1、中國文化與翻譯（Chinese Culture and Translation ）第一部分：一、1， Ecology 生態(tài)學(xué)，2 Material Culture 物質(zhì)文化，3 Social Culture 社會文化，4 Religious Culture 宗教文化，5 Linguistic Culture語言文化。（一） Festivals節(jié)俗1. Spring Festival 春節(jié)2. Lantern Festival 元宵節(jié)3. Pure Brightness Festival 清明節(jié)4. Dragon Boat Festival 端午節(jié)5. Qixi Festival 七夕節(jié)6. M

2、id-Autumn Festival 中秋節(jié)7.Double Ninth Festival重陽節(jié)8. Winter Solstice Festival 冬至節(jié)9. Laba Festival 臘八節(jié)11.Bathing Festival沐浴節(jié)14. Torch Festival 火把節(jié)15. Water Splashing Festival 潑水節(jié)（二） Etiquette and Customs禮俗1.The Twelve Zodiac Animals十二生肖2. Red Double Happiness 紅雙喜3.Teasing the Newly-weds on the Wedding

3、Night鬧新房4.Distributing Red Eggs 分紅蛋5.The Grabbing Test on a Baby s First Birthday抓周6. Yasui Money 壓歲錢7.Birthday Celebration 祝壽8.Sticking Chinese Character Fu Upside-down 福字倒貼9. No Sneezing 忌噴嚏10.Pouring Dregs of Decoction潑藥渣11.No Stepping on the Threshold忌踩門檻12.Burning Paper Money 燒紙錢（三） Entertainme

4、nts游藝1. Mahjong 麻將2. Riddle Guessing 猜謎3.Untying a Chain of Rings解連環(huán)4. Seven-Piece Puzzle 七巧板5.Dragon-boat Racing賽龍舟6.Kite Flying放風(fēng)箏7.Football足球18.Tug-of-War拔河9.Rope Skipping跳繩10.Swing蕩秋千11.Kicking Shuttlecock踢毽子12.Hide-and-seek 捉迷藏13.Walking on Stilts踩高蹺14.Setting off Fireworks放煙花15.Finger Guessing

5、劃拳16.Cricket Fighting斗蟋蟀17.Guqin, Chess, Calligraphy and Painting琴棋書畫18.Dragon Dance舞龍19.Lion Dance舞獅子（四） Mascots吉祥物1.A Dragon龍2.A Phoenix鳳凰3.A Kylin 麒麟4. A Peach 桃5. A Peony 牡丹6.Yaoqian Tree and Treasure Bowl 搖錢樹與聚寶盆7.The God of Wealth 財神8. A Hare 兔子9. A Pomegranate 石榴10.Sanskirt Presenting Sons送子觀

6、音11. A Magpie 喜鵲12. A Bat 蝙蝠13. Ruyi 如意14.The Three Plant Friends Who Thrive in Cold Weather歲寒三友15. A Crane 鶴16. A Deer 鹿17.Memorial Archways 牌坊18.Chinese Knots中國結(jié)19.Chopsticks筷子二、1Confucianism in the Pre-Qin Period 先秦的儒家思想2Imperial Confucianism in the Han Dynasty 漢代經(jīng)學(xué)3 Taoism in the Pre-Qin Period

7、先秦的道家思想4 Buddhism in the Sui and Tang Dynasties 隋唐佛學(xué)5Three Moves by Mencius Mother 孟母三遷6Recommend Oneself for a Position as Mao Sui Did毛遂自薦7Jing Ke Attempted to Kill the King of the Qin State荊軻刺秦王8 Composing a Poem Within Seven Paces 七步成詩9 The Creation of the Earth 開天辟地10 Nwa Made Man 女媧造人11 Nwa Men

8、ded the Sky 女禍補(bǔ)天212 Kuafu Chased the Sun 夸父逐日13 Change Flew to the Moon 嫦娥奔月14 Da Yu Led People in Curbing Floods 大禹治水15 Golden Millet Dream Pipe Dream 黃粱美夢16The Guizhou Donkey Has Used Up All Its Tricks黔驢技窮17 The Cowherd and the Girl Weaver 牛郎織女18 Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy 董永和七仙女19 The Legend

9、 of Lady White 白娘子的傳說20 Three Legends of Lu Ban 魯班的傳說（三則）21 Eminent Personnel in the Ancient Times 古代文化名人22 Confucius 孔子23 Mencius 孟子24 The Four Books and The Five Classics 四書五經(jīng)25 Beijing Opera and Local Operas 京劇與地方戲曲26 Chinese Painting and Calligraphy 中國書畫27 Traditional Chinese Figure Painting 中國傳

10、統(tǒng)人物畫28 The Four Treasures of the Study 文房四寶29 The “ Five Sacred Mountains五 岳 ”三、1三國演義Three Kingdoms or Romance of The Three Kingdoms2水滸傳 The Water Margin or the Outlaws of the Marsh3西游記 Story of a Journey to the West or The Pilgrimage to the West4紅樓夢 A Dream in Red Mansions or A Red-Chamber Dream6大學(xué)

11、 The Great Learning7中庸 The Doctrine of the Mean8論語 The Analects of Confucius9孟子 The Words of Mencius10詩經(jīng) The Book of Songs12易經(jīng) The Book of Changes13禮記 The Book of Rites14春秋 The Spring and Autumn Annals15山海經(jīng) Mountain and Sea Classics16戰(zhàn)國策 Stratagems of the Warring States17史記 Records of the Grand Hist

12、orian18世紀(jì)新說New Sayings of the World19西廂記 Romance of the Western Chamber20. 樂府詩集 Collection of Y ue Fu Poetry21 阿 Q 正傳 The True Story of Ah Q第二部分：一、1Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不見，心不想。32 No mill, no meal. 不磨面，沒面包；不勞動者不得食。3 Easy come, easy go. 得來容易去的快。4 Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。5 Forbidden fruit

13、 is sweet. 禁果分外甜。6 In the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king. 盲人國中，獨(dú)眼稱雄。7 If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. 同時追兩兔，全都抓不住。8 Half a loaf is better than no bread. 有半塊面包總比沒有好。9 明槍易躲，暗箭難防。 It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot from hi

14、ding.10 城門失火，殃及池魚。 A fire on the city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat.11 路遙知馬力，日久見人心。 As a long road tests a horse s strength, so a long task proves a persons heart.12 初生牛犢不怕虎。 New-born calves make little of tigers.13 He that sows the wind will reap the whirlwind. 玩火者必自焚。14 Like begets

15、like. 龍生龍，鳳生鳳。16When shepherds quarrel, the wolf has a winning game.鷸蚌相爭，漁翁得利。18 半瓶醋，出事故。 A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.19 少見多怪。 Wonder is the daughter of ignorance.20 三思而后行。 Look before you leap.21 Make hay while the sun shines. 趁熱打鐵。22 There is no smoke without fire. 無風(fēng)不起浪。23 Ill news tr

16、avels fast. 惡事傳千里。24 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。25 欲速則不達(dá)。 More haste, less speed.26 出門一里，不如家里。East and west, home is best.27 拉入籃里就是菜。 All is fish that comes to the net.28 皇天不負(fù)苦心人。 Everything comes to him who waits.29 小巫見大巫。 The moon is not seen when the sun shines.30 Sweet lovers love the spring.

17、甜蜜的情侶熱愛春天。31 True love never grows old. 真正的愛情決不會過時。32 Where love is, there is faith. 那里有愛情，那里就有信任。33 Love is the touchstone of virtue. 愛情是美德的點金石。34 God help those who help themselves. 上帝幫助那些自助的人。二、1. The Traditional Worldview, Values and Mode of Thinking of the Chinese People 中國人的傳統(tǒng)世界觀、價值觀和思維模式2. Th

18、e Rational World Outlook Seeking for Harmony and Maintaining Equilibrium理性的求和諧主平衡的世界觀3. The Conception of Great National Unity and Values of Collectivism 大一統(tǒng)的觀念和注重整體利益的價值取向4. The Dialectical Pattern of Thought and the Way of Thinking in the Mode of Confucian Classics Study 辯證思維和經(jīng)學(xué)思維5. To Look at Plu

19、ms to Quench Thirst Console Oneself with False Hopes望梅止渴46. Yue Feis Mother Tattooed Characters on the Skin of Y ue Fei 岳母刺字7. Old Man Yu Gong Moved Away Mountains Spirit of Perseverance 愚公移山8. To Help the Shoots Grow by Pulling Them Upward Spoil Things by Excessive Enthusiasm 揠苗助長9. To Penetrate On

20、es Shield with Ones Own Spear Self-Contradiction 自相矛盾10. To Stand by a Tree Trunk Waiting for More Hares to Dash Themselves Against It Wait for a Windfall 守株待兔第三部分：1 As a sporting game, tug-of-war not only strengthens the body, but also brings about a lot of fun. Besides, it is not restricted by spa

21、ce, for it can be held wherever there is an open ground and a thick rope. More importantly, tug-of-war cultivates strong team spirit, the base of cohesive forces in a nation and in a working unit as well. Those are the reasons for tug-of- war s long-standing existence and popularity among the Chinese people.拔河比賽不僅能強(qiáng)身健體，而且生動有趣， 并且不受場地的限制，只要有個空場、 有根粗繩，就能拔將起來。 更為難能可貴的是，拔河比賽中還體現(xiàn)出一種強(qiáng)烈的集體主義精神。這種集體主義精神不僅是一個國家的凝聚力所在，也是一個單位開拓進(jìn)取的基礎(chǔ)。正因為如此， 拔河游戲才得以長期流傳于民間，深受廣大民眾的喜愛。2 Traditional Chinese landscape painting takes natural landscape as its object of description. Whilecreating rich and colorful natural landsc