語法填空解題方法與技巧教師版_4505

1、語法填空解題方法與技巧要做好語法填空題，理解短文是解題的前提，扎實的詞匯、句型和語法知識是基礎(chǔ)，英語國家背景知識是必要的補(bǔ)充。對于高一學(xué)生來說，及時快速地掌握語法填空這種題型的解題方法與技巧是很重要的。因此在現(xiàn)階段的語法學(xué)習(xí)中就應(yīng)該做到學(xué)以致用并根據(jù)考點進(jìn)行分析歸納。二. 解題方法及技巧1. 通讀全文，把握大意。通讀全文的目的是為了把握全文的大意，為下一步填空做好語義上的準(zhǔn)備。因為語義決定著空白處應(yīng)填一個什么樣的詞語并采用什么樣的語法形式。在通讀全文的過程中，為了準(zhǔn)確地把握其大意，很有必要弄清文章的題材，體裁，中心思想，寫作線索，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，段落層次，邏輯關(guān)系，詞句理解等。這樣有助于考生真正讀懂

2、文章大意，也有利于填空時進(jìn)行必要的邏輯推理。2. 仔細(xì)閱讀，嘗試填空。在通讀全文，基本把握文章大意之后，就可以著手嘗試填空了。這一步是解題的關(guān)鍵，是一個對每個段落層次以及整個語篇中的詞匯、句子、語義、語言結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文語境進(jìn)行綜合分析并作出判斷的復(fù)雜的思維過程，也是對每個考生的英語語法基本功，英語語篇的感覺能力，和運(yùn)用英語思維的檢驗過程。做題時，要求考生對空白處的詞性能作出迅速的判斷，對文章句子的結(jié)構(gòu)能作出準(zhǔn)確的分析。然后才能準(zhǔn)確無誤地填出答案。3. 復(fù)讀全文，檢查答案。所有的空白處都填好了。這時，我們有必要把整篇文章從頭至尾復(fù)讀一遍。從語義和邏輯的角度審視全文，從詞義辨析，詞語搭配，和習(xí)慣用語

3、等方方面面仔細(xì)推敲，看其語法是否正確，行文是否通順流暢，條理是否清晰，邏輯是否合理，是否符合語感。要仔細(xì)揣摩，準(zhǔn)確定奪。另外，還要特別注意單詞的拼寫，千萬不能犯由于單詞寫錯而導(dǎo)致失分的低級錯誤。三. 以下題為例，談?wù)務(wù)Z法填空題的解題思路。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，或用括號中的詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空：A proverb says, “Time is money ”. But in my opinion, time is even 1 precious than money. Why? _2_ when moneyis spent, we can earn it back. Howeve

4、r, when time is _3_, it will never return._4_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hardso as to serve our country in _6_ future.But it is a pity that there are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value of time. They _8_their pr

5、ecious time smoking,drinking and playing.In a word, we should form the good habit of _9_ (save) time. Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow.1. 根據(jù)語法知識進(jìn)行填充第 1題，由 than 可知， precious 要用比較級，多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級在前面加 more，故此題答案為more。第 7題，因 there are 是個句子， do not 應(yīng)是一個定語從句，缺主語，先行詞是人，應(yīng)填 who。2. 根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行填充就是

6、根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來解題。第 2題，因前句用 Why 提問，應(yīng)當(dāng)用 Because來回答，故此題答案是 Because。3. 根據(jù)語篇標(biāo)志進(jìn)行填充語篇是指比單個句子長的語言單位（句群、段落、篇章等） 。語篇間往往有標(biāo)明內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞，我們稱這些詞為“語篇標(biāo)志詞”。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的有 first, second, third, finally 等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的有 thus，therefore，so 等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系或變換話題的有 however, but, by the way 等。“語篇標(biāo)志詞”對迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文關(guān)系很有幫助。第 3題，由表示轉(zhuǎn)折的 However 可知，是指當(dāng)

7、時間失去的時候，表示“失去”是 gone。第 5題，由表示結(jié)果的 Therefore 可知，應(yīng)充分利用時間，故用形容詞full 或 good 來修飾名詞use。4. 根據(jù)固定詞組進(jìn)行填充熟練掌握一些常見的詞組，如 as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulate.on., devote.to., earnones living, keep one s word, make up o等n e，對解題s很m有in幫d 助。第 6題，表示“在將來”是固定詞組 in the future 。5. 根據(jù)句型搭配進(jìn)行填充就是根

8、據(jù)一些常用的句型搭配，如 so/such.that., it is.(for sb.) to do sth., there is no doubt that., there is no sense indoing sth.等來解題。第 4題，做形式主語，用 It，真正的主語是后面的 that 從句。6. 根據(jù)詞匯知識進(jìn)行填充指根據(jù)某些詞語在用法上的特殊搭配來解題。如下列各類動詞必須牢記：只能接動詞的 -ing 形式做賓語的動詞，只能接 to do 做賓語的動詞， 接 to do 做補(bǔ)語的動詞， 接 do 做補(bǔ)語的動詞， 接 doing 或 done 做補(bǔ)語的動詞，對句式搭配要求較為特別的詞語，

9、等等。第 8題，由 time smoking 可想到是 spend/waste time (in) doing 句型，這是由 spend/waste 的用法所決定的；這里是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，填 spend 或 waste。第 9題，因 of 是介詞，介詞后的動詞通常要用 -ing 形式，故填 saving。7. 根據(jù)生活常識進(jìn)行填充第 10題，結(jié)合生活常識，不難理解句意為“不要把今天能做的事推遲到明天去做” ，答案自然是表示“直到”的until/till 。8. 根據(jù)文化背景進(jìn)行填充如 After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor as a church_.這

10、句話的意思是“水災(zāi)后鄧先生一貧如洗了” 。as poor as a church mouse（一貧如洗） ，所以此處填 mouse?！镜湫屠}】閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空。AEric Clapton is one of the most _1_(success) rock stars of all time. He has sold millions of copies of his records_2_ has appeared in concerts all over the world.Clapton was born in 1945 in

11、 a small town, _3_ is near London. When he was only two years old, his mother left him.Eric was brought _4_ by his grandparents. Until he was nine he believed that they were his parents and it was_5_ terrible shock when he found out that they weren Bt.ut his grandparents treated him well. They paid

12、for him_6_(go) to art college. _7_ Eric had already become interested in music and he started playing the guitar in bars andclubs.Clapton first became famous when he started a group _8_ (call) Cream. Not only _9_ he play the guitar andsing but also he could write excellent songs. But while on stage

13、he was the brilliant guitar-playing superstar, his private life wasfalling apart. _10_ his marriage broke off, he started taking drugs.【參考答案】1. successful 2. and 3. which 4. up 5. a6. to go 7. But 8. called 9. could 10. After本篇文章粗略地介紹了超級搖滾巨星 Eric Clapton 的生活。1. 此處應(yīng)該填形容詞successful.2. 他已經(jīng)出售了成百萬張唱片，而且也

14、出現(xiàn)在全世界的音樂會上。前后兩部分在語義上是并列關(guān)系。因此填 and.3. 此處是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是地點，在從句中缺少主語，故用 which.4. 當(dāng)他兩歲的時候，他媽媽就離開了他。 Eric 當(dāng)然是由爺爺奶奶撫養(yǎng)長大。因此我們填 brought up. 此處是被動語態(tài)。5. 當(dāng)他了解到他們不是（他的父母親時） ，那是一個非常糟糕的打擊。 shock 在這里是抽象名詞具體化，因此用不定冠詞a.6. 但是爺爺奶奶對他很好，他們出錢讓他去美術(shù)學(xué)院。 Pay for sb. to do sth.7. 但是 Eric 已經(jīng)對音樂產(chǎn)生了興趣，他開始在酒吧和夜總會彈吉他。此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用 Bu

15、t.8. 他創(chuàng)辦了一個名叫 Cream 的樂隊，由此就成名了。 a group 和 call 之間是動賓關(guān)系，因此我們填 called，過去分詞短語做后置定語。9. 根據(jù)后半句也可知。他不僅能邊彈吉他邊唱歌，而且還能寫優(yōu)秀的歌曲。10. 在舞臺上，他是一個才華橫溢的超級巨星。 （但是）他的私生活卻在逐步地土崩瓦解。在他的婚姻生活結(jié)束之后，他開始了吸毒。根據(jù)文章的意思，此處應(yīng)該用介詞after.【模擬試題】（一）仔細(xì)閱讀下面的短文，短文中有 10 個空格。請根據(jù)語境或按照括號內(nèi)的具體要求完成語法填空。Soon after David left college, one of his uncles

16、, who was rich and had no _1_ of his own died and left David a lot ofmoney, so he decided to _2_ (短語動詞) his own real estate agency.He found a nice office, _3_ (buy) some new furniture and moved in. He had only been there for a few hours when he heardsomeone coming _4_ the door of his office.“It m ys

17、 first customer! ”he thought. He quickly picked up _5_ ( 冠詞) telephone and pretended to be verybusy _6_ an important call from someone in New York _7_ wanted to buy a big and expensive house in the country.The man knocked at the door _8_ this was going on, came in and waited _9_ (polite) for the age

18、nt to finish hisconversation. Then he said to him, “I m from the telephone c_o_m_ 1p 0a _n _y _, a(nsdenI d) here to connect your telephone.（二）仔細(xì)閱讀下面短文，短文中有 10 個空格。請按照每小題的語法要求，完成語法填空或詞形變換。Experiments have proved that children can _1_ (instruct)in swimming at a very early age. At a special swimming p

19、ool inLos Angeles, children become expert at _2_ their breath under water even before they can walk. _3_ of two monthsold do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water. It is not long _4_ they are so accustomed to swimming _5_ theycan pick up weights from the floor of the pool. A game that is ver

20、y popular with these young _6_ (swim) is the underwatertricycle race. Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water. The children compete against each other toreach the other end of the pool. Many pedal their tricycles, _7_ most of them prefer to push or drag them. Somechild

21、ren _8_ ( 情態(tài)動詞)cover the whole length of the pool _9_ ( 介詞)coming up for breath even once. Whether theywill ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. Meanwhile, they should encourage_10_ ( 代詞) among uswho cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air.【試題答案】（一）1. children 由 left David a lot of money 可知， David 的叔叔沒有自己的孩子。2. set up 指“創(chuàng)辦”公司。3. bought 由前面的 found 和后面的 and moved 可知，三個動詞是并列的，即 A ，B and C。4. towards 由 heard someone coming 可知，是“朝著”他的辦公司走過來，較表示“到達(dá)”的 to 要好。5. the 特指他辦公室