研究生英語綜合教程2（課堂PPT）

1、1高等院校研究生英語系列教材綜合教程（上）綜合教程（上）INTEGRATED COURSE22UNIT 2ART OF THE TABLE3Objectives of Unit 2 To understand culinary delights in China（中國美食） in Reading Focus. To introduce some Chinese dishes and tell the stories about their names. To understand French cuisines kwzi:n 美食and the factors that caused the

2、decline of French cuisine in Reading More. To translate attributive clauses (2). To grasp some important words and phrases, including the ones of Chinese dietary culture.4Chinese cuisine（中國美食） originated from various regions of China and . There are great cultural differences among the different reg

3、ions of China, giving rise to the different styles of food. Traditionally, there are eight main regional cuisines or Eight Cuisines(八大菜系）coming from Anhui（徽）, Guangdong(粵）, Fujian（閩）, Hunan（湘）, Jiangsu（蘇）, Shandong（魯）, Sichuan（川） and Zhejiang（浙）provinces. Take Sichuan cuisine as an example, we use m

4、any spices（調(diào)味品）, for example, Chinese prickly ash seeds(花椒） and chili pepper/ powder （辣椒粉）to make dishes very spicy（香辣的） and flavorful. 5Chinese spices調(diào)味品調(diào)味品 Cooking wine Vinegar Soy sauce Chili pepper/ powder Prickly ash seed Sesame sesmi oil 料酒料酒 醋醋 醬油醬油 辣椒粉辣椒粉 花椒花椒 香油香油 6Chinese cooking methods b

5、oil steam fry fry fry stew（文火燉）（文火燉） braise（燉，燜）（燉，燜） simmer（慢慢煮，煨）（慢慢煮，煨） 煮煮 蒸蒸 煎煎 炒炒 炸炸 燉燉7Chinese cooking methodsbraise, stew, simmer的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：braise 燉，用于大塊食材，燉，用于大塊食材， 液體不完全液體不完全cover。 例如：例如：紅燒蹄膀紅燒蹄膀/肘子肘子 braised tendontendn with brown saucestew 文火燉，跟文火燉，跟braise接近，接近， 食材小，液體全食材小，液體全cover。 例如：例如：紅燒

6、肉紅燒肉 stewed pork with brown saucesimmer 煨煨 1.慢慢地沸騰，使（液體）的溫度維持在沸點或稍低于沸點的溫度慢慢地沸騰，使（液體）的溫度維持在沸點或稍低于沸點的溫度; 2. 用在熬湯，就是用湯在煮食材，把食材的味道熬進(jìn)湯里。用在熬湯，就是用湯在煮食材，把食材的味道熬進(jìn)湯里。8 燒餅燒餅Clay oven rolls/sesame seed cake Traditional Chinese Food9 油條油條Fried bread stick Traditional Chinese Food10豆?jié){豆?jié){ Soybean milk Traditional C

7、hinese Food11臭豆腐臭豆腐 Stinky （smelly）tofu Traditional Chinese Food12火鍋火鍋 Hot pot Traditional Chinese Food13皮蛋皮蛋 lime-preserved egg/Chinese preserved egg/preserved duck egg Traditional Chinese Food14餃子餃子boiled dumpling包子包子steamed dumplingTraditional Chinese Food15 How is it prepared? Procedure: The cor

8、rect order? A. Roll dough into round pieces of wrapping B. Boil, steam, fry C. Knead dough d （揉面） D. Wrap fillings up E. Put meat or eggs, vegetables and spices together Order: C-E-A-D-B16Culinary Delights in China17Global Understanding2Local Chinese cuisines3Every dish has a story4Warmth and hospit

9、alityexpressed by food(Paras. 2-5)(Paras. 6-11)(Paras. 12-15)18Group Discussion and Report G1-paras.2&3 G2-paras.4&5 G3-paras.6&7 G4-para.8 G5-para.9 G6-paras.10&11 G7- paras.12-14 G8- para.15 Task1: summarize the main idea of each paragraph. Task2: explain at least 2 key words and e

10、xpressions for each paragraph. Task3: translate or paraphrase 2 long and difficult sentences.19Sichuan cuisine:_the use of Chinese prickly ash seeds and other spices like chili pepper Global Understandingdelicious yet economicalfamous for its spicy and hot food 20 Guangdong cuisine:with its _ _ _B.

11、famous for _ _C. _Global Understandingown characteristics that has exerted a far-reaching influence on other parts of China and the worldits seafood as well as for its originality and refined cooking processesoffering various soups21Zhejiang cuisine:A. _B. _Global Understandinglight and exquisitewit

12、h the refreshing flavors of nature22驢打滾兒驢打滾兒 Glutinous Rice Rolls Stuffed with Red Bean Paste（紅豆餡的糯米卷）（紅豆餡的糯米卷） 四喜丸子四喜丸子 Braised Pork Balls in Gravy（肉汁燜丸子（肉汁燜丸子)麻婆豆腐麻婆豆腐 Mapo Tofu (Stir-Fried Tofu in Hot Sauce)(用辣醬煸炒的豆腐）用辣醬煸炒的豆腐）驢打滾兒 Rolling donkey(翻滾的毛驢)四喜丸子Four glad meatballs（四個高興的肉團(tuán)）麻婆豆腐 Bean cur

13、d made by a pock-marked woman （麻臉的女人做的豆腐)RightWrong2324Global UnderstandingGoubuli:A. Goubuli steamed buns _.B. They were _. Dongpo Meat:A. _, a great poet of the Northern Song Dynasty.B. _. first sold in Tianjin about 150 years ago so popular that the owner had no time to answer his customersThis d

14、ish was named after Su DongpoHe rewarded workers with stewed pork in soy sauce25Global UnderstandingBuddha Jumping over the Wall:This dish was created in the _.B. It is prepared _.C. _. Gathering Spring Garden in Fuzhou, Fujian, during the reign of Qing Emperor Guangxu.with more than 20 main ingredi

15、entsA poet wrote a poem for the dish26Global UnderstandingEating habits have not changed.A. The old and young _.B. Elders _.C. The hostess or host _.D. Every one_. sit in order of seniority select food for the young and the young make toasts to the eldersapportions the dishes to treat gueststakes in

16、to consideration the needs of the group27Global UnderstandingSpecial food for social festivals:A. _.B. _.C. _.Jiaozi for the Spring FestivalYuanxiao for the Lantern FestivalZongzi for Duanwu Festival28Assignment1. Learn the important words and phrases by heart.2. Finish the exercises after Reading F

17、ocus.3. Read the passage of Reading More by yourself.4. Group work: Get ready for the Role-play on P62. Useful Expressions 2. 以以.而聞名而聞名/馳名馳名3. 區(qū)分區(qū)分be famous fordistinguish .from.exert an influence on. be typical of.6. 可以得到可以得到have access to.7. 鬧笑話，出丑鬧笑話，出丑 make a fool of oneself4. 對對.產(chǎn)生影響產(chǎn)生影響1. 被譽為被

18、譽為.5. 是是.的代表的代表be known as Useful Expressions 9. 老字號老字號10. 以以.的名字命名的名字命名time-cherished brand namebe named afterin charge of in the eyes of13. 向向.敬酒敬酒make toasts to14. 告別告別bid farewell to11. 負(fù)責(zé)負(fù)責(zé)8. 跟上跟上12. 在在.看來看來keep up with 31Task 2Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence

19、 from the text. (P 43) Detailed Information Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-CDABDBBDAB32Final Project Role-play Suppose you are new to the city where you will be pursuing your masters degree. You go to a very famous local restaurant and ask the waiter or waitress to recommend some local specialtie

20、s for you. Your partner will play the role of a waiter or waitress who tries to present as many details of the specialty to you as possible, ranging from the ingredients to the flavor.33Words and Expressions you may use: clear, light, crisp, fresh, tender, soft, smooth, sweet, heavy, greasy油膩的, spic

21、y, thick roast, stir-fry, sautsutei 用少量油煎（或炒）, deep-fry油炸 , braise, stew, steam, simmer, fry, boil choice seafood, careful selection of ingredients, sauce and seasoning, natural flavor, artistic presentation, delicate carving technique What specialty would you recommend? I was wondering if Im intere

22、sted in knowing about the ingredients. How is it prepared?Final Project34Model Role Play A: I am wondering whether there are any local specialties in your restaurant or not? B: Our restaurant specializes in local specialties and Id like to recommend you one of the most popular specialties here. A: W

23、hat is it? B: Dongpo Meat. A: How is it prepared? Does it taste different? B: It is prepared over a slow fire where the big chunks of pork are braised with green onion大蔥大蔥, ginger, cooking wine, soy sauce, and sugar. The finished dish is bright red in color and the meat is tender and juicy and not a

24、t all greasy.35A: Sounds gorgeous. Is it named after Su Dongpo, a great poet of the Northern Song Dynasty?B: Right. When he was in charge of the drainage work for the West Lake, he rewarded workers with stewed pork in soy sauce, and people later named it Dongpo Meat to commemorate him.A: OK, Ill hav

25、e one. What other specialties would you like to recommend me?Model Role Play36Task 1Choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence. (P46)Vocabulary in Action Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-ABBCBABCAC37Task 21. budA. A blossom develops from a _.B. In this poem,

26、 the _ flower means youth.2. accessA. The only _ to that ancient castle is along a muddy track.B. Users can _ their voice mail remotely.3. tasteA. The medicine had a slightly bitter _.B. There was a lot of hard work before we first _ success.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate form of the

27、 word given and explain its meaning. (P47)Vocabulary in Action bud (n.)budding (adj.)access (n.)access (v.)taste (n.)taste (v.)384. foolA. Katherine was nobodys _ when it came to money.B. Its no good _ yourself. Hes not coming back.5. produceA. The factory _ an incredible 100 cars per hour.B. We sel

28、l tinned goods and local _.6. garnishA. They _ the room with modern paintings.B. The chicken was served with _of parsley and green onion.7. reignA. The Queen _ but does not rule.B. The kings _ lasted for 30 years.Vocabulary in Action fool (n.)fooling (n.)produces (v.)produces (n.)garnish (v.)garnish

29、es (n.)reigns (v.)reign (n.)398. concernA. Environmental protection is a growing _ in China.B. He loved his wife, and _ for her happiness.9. nameA. The building is _ after a successful entrepreneur.B. Could I call you by your first _?10. practiceA. Ive_ playing the piano for five years.B. It is his_

30、 to take a walk after dinner every evening.Vocabulary in Action concern (n.)concerned (v.)named (v.)name (n.)practiced (v.)practice (n.)40Task 3Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary.Vocabulary in Action masterpiece integrate partake steam choi

31、ceamaze pleasure present aspire handintegrationchoicehandedaspiringsteaming41Vocabulary in Action masterpiecespleasurepartakeamazingpresentedmasterpiece integrate partake steam choiceamaze pleasure present aspire hand42A Cuisine Crisis43 Global Understanding Critical Thinking Language Points Vocabul

32、ary in Action123444Discuss in groups to identify the missing information.Reading MoreGlobal Understandingpiled high in greengrocers creative geometricsoysterhare, venison, boarsmell and savor45Discuss in groups to identify the missing information.Reading MoreGlobal Understanding different and market

33、able nutty, fruity impudentFrance has chefs who are interested in good productsFrance still has peasant agriculture as well as factory farms46Reading MoreGlobal UnderstandingMany fruits and vegetables on the outdoor market are imported from foreign countries. Gallic talent, taste and technique have

34、been exported all over the world and at the same time, what is mediocre, cheap and popular has been imported. 47Reading MoreGlobal UnderstandingMore and more restaurateurs have to cope with red tape, not to mention edicts from Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes to the bacteria in the B

35、rie. The “harmonized” value-added taxes benefit fast-food chains while penalizing sit-down restaurants.Strict labor laws restrict hiring, firing and temp-work. Government regulations, for example, CAP, favor quantity over quality.48Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking49Reading MoreCritical ThinkingRea

36、d the following sentences and decide whether you agree with the author or not. Work in groups to provide examples to support or argue against the authors points.1. Globalization is partly responsible for the decline of French cuisine.2. Artistic success often spells business disaster.50 1. Meanwhile

37、, what was mediocre elsewherealbeit cheap and popularhas been imported. (Para. 4)mediocre: (adj.) not very goode.g. 1) I thought the book was pretty mediocre. 2) Hes a person of mediocre abilities. albeit: (conj.) although; even if; even though 盡管，即使；縱然 e.g. a peaceful, albeit brief retirement 雖然短暫但

38、卻很平靜的退休生活 Language Point 512. From the Napa Valley to the Thames and Tokyo, non-French cooks have cracked the codes of the best French cuisine. (Para. 4) Paraphrase: Cooks from other parts of the world have learned the highlights of the French cuisine.crack: (v.) to solve a complicated problem, or t

39、o find the answer to a mystery 解決(難題)；解開(秘密) e.g. Detectives believe they can crack the case. 偵探們相信他們可以破這個案子。 Language Point 523. They have become ensnared in the red tape for which France is infamous. (Para. 5)ensnare: (v.) to entangle or catch in (or as if in) a mesh net e.g. Park rangers found th

40、ree deer that had become ensnared in traps. 公園管理員找到了3只被困在陷阱里的鹿。 ensnared into a loveless relationship 受騙而陷入一種沒有愛的關(guān)系之中 infamous: well known for something bad e.g. an infamous criminal 臭名昭著的罪犯 Language Point 534. But the real paradox of French cookingin France, at leastis that artistic success often s

41、pells business disaster. (Para. 7) paradox: situation or idea that is strange because it has features or qualities that you would not expect to exist together 自相矛盾的情況；似非而是的說法；悖論 e.g. the paradox of people with the best qualifications not being able to get jobs 高學(xué)歷的人無法找到工作的怪事 spell trouble/disaster/d

42、anger etc: if a situation or action spells trouble etc, it makes you expect trouble etc: e.g. 1) The lack of rain could spell disaster for farmers. 2)These changes spell ruin for the company.Language Point 545. If the French were under the same fiscal regime as the United States, wed be able to crea

43、te twice as many jobs. (Para. 8)regime: (n.)1) a particular system of government or management, especially one you disapprove of e.g. military/totalitarian/fascist regime; brutal/oppressive/corrupt regime2) a particular system, used especially when talking about a previous system, or one that has ju

44、st been introduced e.g. Under the new regime, all sheep and cattle will be regularly tested for disease.Language Point 556. Many small farmers and restaurateurs seem to be fighting a rearguard action just to survive. (Para. 11)fighting a rearguard action: to make a determined effort to prevent a cha

45、nge that you think is bad, although it seems too late to stop it e.g. 1) They have been fighting a rearguard action to stop a supermarket being built on the land. 2) He fought a stubborn rearguard action against political reform.Language Point 567. The problems afflicting French cuisine are emblemat

46、ic of those that plague the economy as a whole. (Para. 12)plague: (v.) to cause continual discomfort, suffering, or trouble to someone e.g. 1) He has been plaguing me with silly questions. 2) Financial problems continued to plague the company.Language Point 57Choose the answer that is closest in mea

47、ning to the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. (P56)Vocabulary in Action Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-AADBABCAABTask 158Task 2 e.g. Artistic success often spells business disaster.“Spell” means indicate /signify in the sentence. English words assume different meanings in different conte

48、xts. Explain the meaning of the underlined word in the context. (P57)Vocabulary in Action 59Vocabulary in Action 1. The congenial quaintness of the street market, in fact, draws directly on globalization.“congenial” means _ in the sentence.2. Non-French cooks have cracked the codes of the best Frenc

49、h cuisine.“crack” means _ in the sentence.pleasantunderstand60Vocabulary in Action 3. At the annual agricultural fair in Paris this spring, visitors not only enjoyed sipping wines, but olive oils.“fair” means _ _ in the sentence. 4. Olive oilsone a little nutty, another quite fruity, some of them, o

50、ne is tempted to say, just a little impudent. “impudent” means _ in the sentence. an event in which people or businesses show or sell their productscheeky61Vocabulary in Action 5. Consider the value-added taxes that were “harmonized” all over Europe during the 1990s. “harmonized” means _ in the sent

51、ence. 6. They penalize sit-down restaurants, whether humble bistros or haute cuisine. “humble” means _ in the sentence. unifiedmodest or unpretentious62Vocabulary in Action 7. The CAP is supposed to benefit small farmers, keep them on the land and thus nurture the terroir that gives French cooking i

52、ts soul. “nurture” means _ in the sentence.8. The problems afflicting French cuisine are emblematic of those that plague the economy as a whole. “afflict” means _ in the sentence. “plague” means _ in the sentence.cherishcause pain or sufferannoy/trouble63Vocabulary in Action 9. Like French cuisine,

53、the French economy still holds the occasional surprise. “hold” means _ in the sentence.10. But the basic problems of bureaucracy, taxes and social reluctance to change remain a burden for everyone. “reluctance” means _ in the sentence.haveunwillingness6465 定語從句在句中充當(dāng)定語，修飾某一名詞或代詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句在句中充當(dāng)定語，修飾某一名詞或

54、代詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞可以是關(guān)系代詞（如定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞可以是關(guān)系代詞（如 who, which, that）和關(guān)系副詞（如和關(guān)系副詞（如 when, where, as）。定語從句可分為限制性）。定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。定語從句的翻譯定語從句的翻譯: : 在英譯漢中，定語從句的處理辦法一般用前置法、后置法、在英譯漢中，定語從句的處理辦法一般用前置法、后置法、融合法和轉(zhuǎn)換法等。融合法和轉(zhuǎn)換法等。1. 前置法前置法 把英語原文的定語從句翻譯成帶把英語原文的定語從句翻譯成帶“的的”的定語詞組的定語詞組, 放置于放置于被修飾的詞之前，將

55、英語原文的復(fù)合句翻譯成漢語的簡單句。被修飾的詞之前，將英語原文的復(fù)合句翻譯成漢語的簡單句。2. 后置法后置法 有時定語從句可視上下文將其譯成獨立的句子或與主句并列有時定語從句可視上下文將其譯成獨立的句子或與主句并列的分句，放在被修飾詞的后面。的分句，放在被修飾詞的后面。定定661. A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps. 我們往往可以從一個人我們往往可以從一個人所閱讀的所閱讀的書以及書以及所交往的所交往的朋友去看他朋友去看他的為人。的為人。 2. But if yo

56、u put down a book you dont like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time. 但是如果你把但是如果你把自己覺得沒勁的自己覺得沒勁的書放下另換別的，直到發(fā)現(xiàn)一書放下另換別的，直到發(fā)現(xiàn)一本本你認(rèn)為有意思的你認(rèn)為有意思的書，然后輕松地讀下去，那么幾乎可以肯書，然后輕松地讀下去，那么幾乎可以肯定你會感到很快活的。定你會感到很快活的。定語從句定語從句“he r

57、eads” ，“he keeps”分別被譯成帶分別被譯成帶“的的”的短語的短語“所閱讀的所閱讀的”，“所交往的所交往的”放在中心詞前面。放在中心詞前面。這又是一個定語從句譯成帶這又是一個定語從句譯成帶“的的”的短語放在中心詞前面的短語放在中心詞前面的例子。的例子。673. People are still talking about the historic events of several years ago, when man took his first walk in space. 人們?nèi)匀辉谡務(wù)搸啄昵暗臍v史性事件，人們?nèi)匀辉谡務(wù)搸啄昵暗臍v史性事件，那時人類首次進(jìn)行了太空行走。那時人

58、類首次進(jìn)行了太空行走。4. They are looking for a city where the standard of living is high and the cost of living is low. 他們要尋找一座城市，他們要尋找一座城市，在那里生活水準(zhǔn)高，但是生活成本低。在那里生活水準(zhǔn)高，但是生活成本低。5. They act mostly on suggestions from present members, of whom four are women. 他們大多聽從現(xiàn)在成員的建議行事，他們大多聽從現(xiàn)在成員的建議行事，這些成員中有這些成員中有4人是女性。人是女性。非

59、限制性定語從句譯成短句放在被修飾詞非限制性定語從句譯成短句放在被修飾詞“幾年前幾年前”后面，后面，譯文表達(dá)清晰流暢。譯文表達(dá)清晰流暢。這里，這里，where引導(dǎo)的定語從句較長，放在中心詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句較長，放在中心詞 “city”后后面，符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。面，符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。非限制性定語從句處理成單句放在中心詞后面，使譯文順暢。非限制性定語從句處理成單句放在中心詞后面，使譯文順暢。68 1. 融合法融合法 融合法是指翻譯時把主句和定語從句融合成一句簡單句，其中的定語從句譯成簡單句中的謂語部分。由于限制性定語從句與主句關(guān)系較緊密，所以，融合法多用于翻譯限制性定語從句，尤其是 there be

60、結(jié)構(gòu)帶有定語從句的句型。原句中的主句部分there is a man 翻譯成“有人”，然后將定語從句譯成句子的謂語部分。1) There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 樓下有人要見你。樓下有人要見你。692) In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention. 在我們工廠里，許多人對這項新發(fā)明很感興趣。在我們工廠里，許多人對這項新發(fā)明很感興趣。3) Being OK with risk is something that industry demands