初中語法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)講解、練習(xí)含答案

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一、定義與講解：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語具備的性格和能力。通常與副詞every day（每天），always（總是）,usually（通常）,often（經(jīng)常）sometimes（有時(shí)）,等時(shí)間狀語連用。例：（1）表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。My name is Mamingyao ,Iam 14,I come from China .我的名字叫馬明堯，我十四歲了，我來自中國(guó)Marys father is an English teacher. 瑪麗的爸爸是一名英語老師。 （2）表示經(jīng)常性或

2、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。She plays sports every day. 她每天都做運(yùn)動(dòng)。 （3）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)The table has four legs.桌子有四條腿。There are 50 students in my class. 我們班有50個(gè)學(xué)生。（4）表示客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，等客觀事實(shí)或格言諺語等。 The sun rises in the east every day.太陽每天從東方升起。The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。（5）表示平日的喜好。I like b

3、ananas. We dont like vegetables.He likes ice cream. She doesnt like strawberries.二只有主語在第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的“三單形式”，其他人稱用動(dòng)詞原形。 動(dòng)詞三單形式的變化規(guī)則：1.（1）多數(shù)直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s. play plays like likes ask-asks work-works get-gets call-calls（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-es. watch-watches wish-wishes do-does go-goes （3）以“輔音字母加 -

4、y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先變y為i再加-es. try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies2.不規(guī)則變化：be- is have-has三、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子轉(zhuǎn)換：（1）變一般疑問句：當(dāng)句子中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則把be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,could等)提到主語的前面，（口訣：一調(diào)二變?nèi)龁柼?hào)）; （2）變否定句：在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面直接加not變成否定句. (be后not莫忘記)例：陳述句：She is my sister.疑問句 Is she your sister? Yes, I am./ No, Im not.否定句 She is not

5、my sister.陳述句：I can play soccer.疑問句 Can you play soccer? Yes,Ican./ No, I cant.否定句 I can not /cant play soccer. 注意：對(duì)一般疑問句的回答：一般用什么問就用什么來回答。但以下例外：Is this a pencil? Yes , it is./ No, it isnt.Is that your backpack? Yes , it is./ No, it isnt.Are these your parents? Yes, theyre./ No, they arent.Are those

6、 Jims brothers? Yes, theyre./ No, they arent.（3）當(dāng)句子中沒有be動(dòng)詞，也沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，變一般疑問句時(shí)，在主語前加助動(dòng)詞do (I, we, you,以及復(fù)數(shù)), does（第三人稱單數(shù)she,he,it等）變成問句；（4）變否定句時(shí)，在主語后謂語動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞dont, doesnt變成否定句，切記：助動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞則還原成動(dòng)詞原形。例：陳述句：We get up（起床） at 7:00 every morning.疑問句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否定句We dont get up at 7:00 e

7、very morning.陳述句：She has a brother.疑問句 Does she have a brother? 否定句 She doesnt have a brother. 在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即常在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或-es。但有些同學(xué)們對(duì)于哪些主語是第三人稱單數(shù)還不十分清楚，現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)如下： 一、人稱代詞he, she, it是第三人稱單數(shù)。如： He likes watching TV. 他喜歡看電視。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二點(diǎn)吃午餐。 二、單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主語；是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：

8、Han Mei likes salsd . 韓梅喜歡薩拉。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中國(guó)。 Uncle Wang often plays volleyball. 王叔叔經(jīng)常打排球。 三、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或"this / that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語時(shí)，是第三人稱單數(shù)。如： This book is yours. 這本書是你的。 That car is red. The cat is Lucy's. 這只貓是露茜的。 四、不定代詞someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代

9、詞this, that作主語時(shí)，是第三人稱單數(shù)。Everyone is here. 大家到齊了。 There is a watch on the table. 桌上有塊手表。 This is a pen. 這是一支鋼筆。That is an eraser.五、不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)為第三人稱單數(shù)。如： The milk（牛奶） is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語時(shí)，看作第三人稱單數(shù)。如： "6" is a lucky number. "6"是個(gè)吉利數(shù)字。

10、"I" is a letter. "I"是個(gè)字母。一、按照要求改寫句子 1This is my pencil ? (變一般疑問句) your pencil ? 2. These red socks are Kates . (變一般疑問句) socks Kates ? 3. Mary does not have any books . (變肯定句) some books . 4. She likes the black bag very much . (變?yōu)榉穸ň? 5. I like apples. (用she改寫句子) 6. Its an Englis

11、h dictionary . (對(duì)畫線部分提問) . 7. He has hamburger and apples for dinner . (變一般疑問句) 二、用Be動(dòng)詞填空。 1. you Li Fen ? No, not . 2. Mr. green very busy? Yes , he . 3.This book very interesting . 4. What class you in ? 5. You and I good friends . 6. The basketball club fun . 三用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Lin Tao (like) his

12、ruler . 2. Lets (have) ice cream . 3. Lets (play) tennis ! 4. He (like) English. 5. Nice (meet) you ! 6. I (need) some fruits. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:一、 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 have like drink _ go _ stay _ study_ _ teach_make _look _have_ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ do_ 二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home

13、.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We_(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _ _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) pears?6. _ your parents _(have) eggs every day?7. There _(be) some water in the bottle.18. Mike _(like) cooking. 9. They _(have) the same hobby.10. Liu Tao _ _(do) not li

14、ke PE.11. This boy often _(watch) TV in the evening.五、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _ _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. This is a white key. (對(duì)畫線部分進(jìn)行提問)

15、2. Bens bag is yellow and red . (對(duì)畫線部分進(jìn)行提問) 3. Her name is Gina. (對(duì)畫線部分進(jìn)行提問) 4. My phone number is 673-8220. (對(duì)畫線部分進(jìn)行提問) 5. The boys name is Jack. (對(duì)畫線部分進(jìn)行提問) 6. The picture is on the wall. (對(duì)畫線部分進(jìn)行提問) 7. Your baseball is under the chair. (對(duì)畫線部分進(jìn)行提問) 8. His book is on the desk. (對(duì)畫線部分進(jìn)行提問) 9. Some b

16、alls are in the dresser. (對(duì)畫線部分進(jìn)行提問) 10. My computer is on my desk. (對(duì)畫線部分進(jìn)行提問) 11. He is Johnny. (改為一般疑問句) 12. These are his parents. (改為一般疑問句) 13. This is my sister. (改為一般疑問句) 14.The baseball is under the bed. (改為一般疑問句)15.My key is on the bed. (改為一般疑問句) 16.He has a tennis racket. (改為一般疑問句) 17.I ha

17、ve some baseball bats. (改為一般疑問句) 18.She has many things to do today. (改為一般疑問句) 19.I like hamburgers . (改為一般疑問句) 20.They have a TV. (改為一般疑問句) 25.You are Tina. (改為否定句) 26.These are my brothers. (改為否定句) 27.The books are on the bookcase. (改為否定句) 28.Three books are under the desk. (改為否定句) 29.She has a co

18、mputer game. (改為否定句) 30.We have a big TV in our house. (改為否定句) 31.Kate has some money in her pocket. (改為否定句) 32.He likes ice cream. (改為否定句) 34.Nice to meet you! (寫出答語) 35. Is that a dictionary ?(改為復(fù)數(shù)句) _36These are photos. (改為單數(shù)句) 37.Is he your cousin? (作肯定回答) 38.Is Linda his sister? (作否定回答) 39.Is t

19、his a Chinese book? (作否定回答)40.Those are dictionaries. (改為單數(shù)句) 41.Is the CD on the sofa?( 作肯定回答) 42.Are the chairs next to the table ?(作否定回答) 43.Where is my book ?(改為復(fù)數(shù)句子) 44.They are on the sofa .( 改為單數(shù)句子) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“助動(dòng)詞be(am, is, are)動(dòng)詞-ing”構(gòu)成，表示說話者“此刻”或現(xiàn)階段的行為。二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)1肯定句：主語+be(am, is, are)+

20、現(xiàn)在分詞+ 例如：I am speaking with him on the phone. 我正和他通電話。He is playing tennis. 他正在打網(wǎng)球。 My parents are dancing. 我父母正在跳舞。2否定句：主語+be not+現(xiàn)在分詞+ 例如：I'm not studying. 我沒在學(xué)習(xí)。 She is not reading now. 現(xiàn)在她不是在看書。They are not writing. 他們沒在寫。3一般疑問句：Be動(dòng)詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+？ 例如：(1) Is she still helping Li Ling? 她還在幫助李玲嗎？ Y

21、es, she is. 是的。/No, she isn't. 不，她沒在幫李玲。(2) Are you listening to music? 你正在聽音樂嗎？ Yes, I am. 是的。/No, I'm not. 不，我沒有聽音樂。4特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be動(dòng)詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+？ 例如： What are you studying? 你正在學(xué)什么？ I'm studying English. 我在學(xué)英語。 What is Mike doing? 邁克在做什么？-He is watching the football match. 他在看足球比賽。三、 現(xiàn)在分詞

22、的變化規(guī)則1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加ing,如： think-thinking go-going 2.以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e,再加ing，如： come-coming make-making 3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，中間只有一個(gè)元音字母，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing, 如： put-putting run-running 四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法1表示此時(shí)此刻(說話者)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如：The teacher is talking with his students. 這位老師正在同他的學(xué)生交談。What are you doing now? 你現(xiàn)在干什

23、么呢？2表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但此刻并不一定在進(jìn)行。 例如：We are doing an experiment this week. 我們這個(gè)星期正在做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。(但說話時(shí)并不一定在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。)3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可用來表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這一用法常用于go, come, leave, start 等短暫性動(dòng)詞，后面也常用表示較近的將來時(shí)間狀語 (如tomorrow, tonight, this morning/Friday等)，表示安排或計(jì)劃好的事情。例如：We are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 我們明天啟程去上海。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正發(fā)生的或者正進(jìn)行

24、的動(dòng)作。常與時(shí)間狀語 now , at the moment 等連用。It is raining hard now . Don't hurry .I am writing a letter . Will you please turn down the radio ?Watch out (當(dāng)心) ! It's falling .Look ! The clouds are gathering .Look at this picture of a busy railway station . A train is standing at one of the platforms r

25、eady to leave . Some of thepassengers are looking out of the windows watching the late-comers who are hurrying along looking for empty seats .We are busy at the moment . I'm selling cigarettes . My father is selling some sweets .5.表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。We are going to Rome next week . Mr Black is leav

26、ing for Shanghai in a few days .Are you doing anything special tonight ?6用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中表達(dá)將來正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。I'll telephone you tomorrow while I'm waiting .I'll think about it while you are writing the report .When you are talking with him , take care not to mention this .If you are standing at the c

27、orner when I pass , I'll give you a lift into town .五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的練習(xí)題 按要求改寫句子The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_對(duì)“is playing basketball”提問：_對(duì)“ The boy”提問：_They are singing in the classroom.否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_對(duì)“are singing ”提問：_對(duì)“ in the classroom”提問：_4.she,the window ,open,

28、now.(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.)_5.The birds are singing in the tree.(就劃線部分提問)_6.is,who,the window, cleaning?(連詞成句)_7. The children are playing games near the house.(就劃線部分提問)_8.She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)_9.You are doing your homework.(用“I”作主語改寫句子)_10.they,the tree, sing, now, under.(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.)_11.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑問句)_II.單項(xiàng)選擇( )1.我在照看孩子.(A)I am looking after the baby. (B)I'm look aftering the baby.(C)I look am aftering the baby. (D)I looking after the baby.(