集合名詞(collective nouns)（課堂PPT）

1、1collective nouns 集合名詞(也叫集體名詞）是指一群.,是可數(shù)的，但不能叫可數(shù)名詞，因?yàn)榧厦~只有復(fù)數(shù)沒有單數(shù)，也就是集合名詞前不能用a或one，但可用two或大于two的數(shù)詞。 英語中，可數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞，集合名詞，是并列的關(guān)系 . three people (正確） a people (錯(cuò)誤）2 集體名詞通常只以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但這種單數(shù)形式有的可作復(fù)數(shù)用。集體名詞在句中作單數(shù)用還是作復(fù)數(shù)用應(yīng)根據(jù)不同情況而定。3英語集合名詞用法分類 Type 1 形式為單數(shù)，但意義可以用為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)這類集合名詞包括： family (家庭） Crew, government, coupl

2、e, majority, public team (隊(duì))， class (班)， audience (聽眾)等4英語集合名詞用法分類 其用法特點(diǎn)為：若視為整體，表示單數(shù)意義；若考慮其個(gè)體成員，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。 比較并體會(huì)： His family is large. 他的家是個(gè)大家庭。 His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。 This class consists of 45 pupils. 這個(gè)班由45個(gè)學(xué)生組成。 This class are reading English now. 這個(gè)班的學(xué)生在讀英語。 5 The audience i

3、s requested to remain seated during intermission. The audience have taken seats. A married young couple is treated differently than husband or wife is treated alone. The young couple were unhappy with the apartment they rented. The vast majority of the students needs increased financial support. The

4、 majority realize that they have no more power than the smallest minorities.6 Type 2形式為單數(shù)，但意義永遠(yuǎn)為復(fù)數(shù)這類集合名詞包括 cattle (牛，牲畜) poultry （家禽） vermin (害鼠，害鳥 如:鼠，狐，貓頭鷹） people (人)， militia (民兵，國民自衛(wèi)隊(duì)） police(警察)等7 其用法特點(diǎn)為：只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；不與 a(n) 連用，但可與the連用(連用)。如： People will laugh at you. The polic

5、e are looking for him. Many cattle were killed for this. The militia were called out to guard the borderland. Poultry are dear in the city. These vermin do a lot of harm to poultry. 注：表示牲畜的頭數(shù)，用單位詞 head(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)。如：five head of cattle 5頭牛，fifty (head of ) cattle 50頭牛8 Type 3形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義也為復(fù)數(shù)這類集合名詞包括goods (貨物

6、), clothes (衣服)等， 其用法特點(diǎn)是：只有復(fù)數(shù)形式, 當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語時(shí)謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)，但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。 Eg.：Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season. 衣服在雨季不易干。 Such clothes are very expensive. 那樣的衣服很貴。 If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer. 如果貨物質(zhì)量不好，則理應(yīng)向制造商提出控訴。9 Type 4形式為單數(shù)，意義也為單數(shù)這類集合名詞包括 baggage / luggage(行李

7、), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機(jī)器), poetry(詩), scenery (風(fēng)景), Jewelry (珠寶), equipment(設(shè)備)等, 10 其用法特點(diǎn)為：是不可數(shù)名詞，只用單數(shù)形式，不用不定冠詞(當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞)，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Our clothing protects us from (against) the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒。 Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有的行李都托運(yùn)了嗎? The thief stole all her jewelry. 小偷把她所

8、有的首飾都偷走了。11 The hospital has no decent equipment. 這家醫(yī)院沒有像樣的設(shè)備。 The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry. 人們認(rèn)為唐朝是中國詩歌的全盛時(shí)期。 注：machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相應(yīng)的個(gè)體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。 如：a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩many machines / much machinery / many p

9、ieces of machinery 許多機(jī)器12some special collective nouns 1. hair (頭發(fā)，毛發(fā))指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí)，為集合名詞(不可數(shù))；指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí)，為個(gè)體名詞(可數(shù))。 如：My hair has grown very long. 我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了。 The police found two hairs there. 警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。 13 2. mankind (人類)人類是一個(gè)不可數(shù)的集合名詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不連用冠詞。如： This is an invention that benefits mankind. Mank

10、ind has its own problems. 注：mankind 表示“mankind 人(類)”時(shí)，雖不可數(shù)，但有時(shí)卻可以表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，尤其是當(dāng)其表語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)。如： Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的動(dòng)物。 14 3. fruit(水果)作為集合名詞，它通常是不可數(shù)的。如：He doesnt eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。He is growing fruit in the country. 但是，當(dāng)要表示種類時(shí)，它可視為可數(shù)名詞，即a fruit 指一種水果，fruits 指多種水果。比較： Some fruits have

11、thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。 The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一種蔬菜，而不是一種水果。 15某些帶有集體意義的專有名詞 某些球隊(duì)，俱樂部，航空公司，企業(yè)等帶有集體意義的專有名稱，通常作復(fù)數(shù)用，在現(xiàn)代英語中較常見。 England (英格蘭隊(duì)） have lost all their football matches this season. Scotland (蘇格蘭隊(duì)） are playing France in a football match next week. The British Airways (英國航空公司

12、）are being modernized.16 The B.B.C（英國廣播公司） have broadcast a message in which they have asked a certain Mr Green to go to the Overhill Hospital when doctors are treating his wife after a severe stroke. The two companies are United Biscuits and Imperial. United Biscuits are frontrunners in the food ma

13、rket and expanding fast. Imperial are leaders in the food and tobacco market.17某些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的數(shù) 英語中有些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞，有的作單數(shù)，有的作復(fù)數(shù)，情況比較復(fù)雜。 1. 以-ics 結(jié)尾的名詞 表“學(xué)科”時(shí)作單數(shù) Linguistics informatics mathematics Physics plastics politics statistics Linguistics has developed rapidly in modern times. Politics is the art or sc

14、ience of government.18 表“學(xué)科”以外的其他解釋時(shí)，通常作復(fù)數(shù)，有時(shí)也用作單數(shù)。 My mathematics（運(yùn)算能力） are/ is rather shaky. What are his politics( =political views)?19 2. 以 s 結(jié)尾的疾病名稱，一般用單數(shù) Phlebitis(靜脈炎） is inflammation of the veins. Shingles（帶狀皰疹） is serious; how long has he got it? Diabetes is a common disease. Indeed, they s

15、ay, AIDS is spread primarily by carriers who are ill. Arthritis is a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body.20 3. 有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體名稱，通常用復(fù)數(shù) Eg. calipers （兩腳規(guī)）, compasses, flares（喇叭褲）, forceps, glasses, jeans, pants, pincers, pliers（鉗子）, scales, scissors, shades（太陽鏡）, shorts, suspenders,

16、 etc.21 4. 以-ings結(jié)尾的名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)，但也有例外 belongs, bookings, surroundings, sweepings（垃圾）, takings (收入），clipping （剪下物）,findings The findings of the court have now been made public.22 5. 以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞，常作單數(shù)用 The United States is in the Western Hemisphere. When was the United Nations established? The New York Time

17、s is published daily. General Motors （通用汽車公司）produces many different types of cars.23 但有些表示群島，山脈，瀑布等的專有名詞常作復(fù)數(shù)用 The West Indies(西印度群島）, apart from the Bahamas, are commonly divided into two groups. The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal. Nigara Falls are not as high as Victoria

18、Falls. The Olympic Games begin in two weeks time.24過關(guān)演練 用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1The staff _（have）gone for their lunch 2The crews of several ships _（be）in port 3The present government，which hasnt been in power long，_（be）trying to control inflationIt isnt having much success 4The government，who _（be） looking for a quick victory，are calling for a general election soon 5The jury _（be）divided in opinion 1.have 2.were