關(guān)于英語中虛擬語氣的用法介紹

1、關(guān)于英語中虛擬語氣的用法介紹虛擬語氣用于if引出的與現(xiàn)在、過去及將來事實(shí)相反的條件句中。1與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式,系動(dòng)詞用were,主句的謂語用“should(would,could,might+動(dòng)詞原形”。If he were here,he would be greatly surprised.The spaceship would burn up if it went too close to the stars.2與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“had+過去分詞”,主句用“should(would,could,might+have+過去分詞”。If I had

2、 been more careful,I wouldn't have made so many silly mistake s.3對將來發(fā)生的事實(shí)的假設(shè)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should(were to+動(dòng)詞原形”,主句用“should(would,could,might+動(dòng)詞原形”,主從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也可和“與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)”的謂語相同。If you should miss the chance,you would feel sorry for it.If you missed the chance,you would feel sorry for it.4錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句主句和從句的動(dòng)

3、作發(fā)生時(shí)間不一致,動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)所表示的時(shí)間做出調(diào)整。If I were you,I would have attended the lecture.(從句表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,主句表示過去時(shí)間5連詞if的省略條件句中連詞if可以省略,但從句要倒裝,即將would,had,should等置于主語前。Were he here this afternoon,I would go with him.虛擬語氣用于wish后的賓語從句中,表示現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)聿惶赡軐?shí)現(xiàn)的愿望1表示現(xiàn)在的愿望謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式,系動(dòng)詞用were。I wish I knew his address.I wish he were

4、 a teacher.2表示過去的愿望謂語動(dòng)詞用“had+過去分詞”I wish I had not told him the news.3表示將來的愿望謂語動(dòng)詞用“would(could,might+動(dòng)詞原形”。I wish I could read the novel in English.3.用于as if等引起的從句中虛擬語氣用于as if(as though引起的狀語從句或表語從句中,表示與現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)淼那闆r不符,其謂語動(dòng)詞形式與wish后賓語從句的形式相同。He often treats me as if I were a child.Peter talked as if he

5、 had really been there.He acts as if he would be a football star.She looks as if she were ill.4.用于特定詞語后的賓、主、表及同位語從句中虛擬語氣用于表示要求、建議、命令等意義的動(dòng)詞、名詞及形容詞后的賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句及同位語從句中。其形式都是“sould+動(dòng)詞原形”,should 可省略。1用于賓語從句中常用的動(dòng)詞:ask,advise,command,decide,demand,insist,order,propose,request,require ,suggest等。He insis

6、ted that we all(should be in his office at six.The doctor suggested that she (should take a trip.2用于主語從句中常用的結(jié)構(gòu):It is+形容詞或過去分詞+主語從句(用虛擬語氣常見的形容詞或分詞:essential,urgent,necessary,important,advisable,natural,desired,demand ed,ordered,required,suggested等。It is necessary that this machine(should be oiled eve

7、ry day.It is required that the machine be tested.3用于表語從句或同位語從句中常用的名詞:advice,command,demand,desire,idea,order,proposal,request requirement 等。His suggestion is that we go out on a picnic next Sunday.(表語從句 His suggestion that we go out on a picnic next Sunday is wonderful.(同位語從句5. 用于“it is time+從句”中虛擬語

8、氣用于“It is(high,abouttime+從句”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式,表示早該做而仍未做的事。It is high time that we went back to college.6.用于would rather等引起的從句中虛擬語氣用于wouldhad rather(would prefer,would sooner引起的從句中,其謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式,表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)淼那闆r;其謂語動(dòng)詞用“had+過去分詞”,表示過去的情況。I would rather you didn't tell him anything about it.She would prefer t

9、hat she had not stayed at home last night.虛擬語氣用于lest或in case引起的狀語從句中,其謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should一般不可省。He took his umbrella with him in case it should rain.without,but for,but that等引出的短語可表示虛擬條件意義,主句用虛擬語氣。Without a computer,they would not have finished their calculation so quickly.條件從句有兩類,一是真實(shí)條件句,另一是虛擬

10、條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生,就是真實(shí)條件句,這種情況下謂語用陳述語氣。如:If time permits, well go fishing together.如果時(shí)間允許,我們就一起去釣魚。如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的,則是虛擬條件句。如:If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天來,你就會(huì)見到那位著名的教授了。(隱含的事實(shí)是:你昨天沒來,也沒見到那位著名教授。在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中,主從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣,現(xiàn)將其形式列表如下:動(dòng)詞形式 時(shí)間從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞

11、過去式(be的過去式用werewould(could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞would(could/should/might+have 過去分詞與將來事實(shí)可能相反動(dòng)詞過去式should+動(dòng)詞原形were to+動(dòng)詞原形would(could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形注:主句中的should只用于第一人稱,但在美國英語中,should常被would代替,would 可以用在任何的人稱;從句中的should可用于各種人稱。1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如:If I were you, I should(would ,could, mig

12、httell him the truth. 要是我是你,我就會(huì)告訴他真相了。(事實(shí)上我不是你If she had time, she would(could, mighthelp me.如果她有時(shí)間,她就會(huì)幫我了。(事實(shí)上她沒有時(shí)間2 表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如:If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, could, mighthave telephoned you.如果昨天我知道了你的電話號(hào)碼,我就會(huì)給你打電話了。(事實(shí)上我昨天不知道你的電話號(hào)碼。If you had taken my advice

13、, you wouldnt(couldnt have failed in the exam.如果你聽了我的建議,你就不會(huì)考試不及格。(事實(shí)上你根本沒聽我的。3 表示與將來事實(shí)可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如:If it should rain, the crops would(could, mightbe saved.假如天下雨,莊稼可能就收獲了。-What would happen if I put the paper on the fire?-It would burn.-我若把只放在火上會(huì)怎么樣?-紙會(huì)燒著。注:在表示與將來事實(shí)可能相反的條件從句中,were to + 動(dòng)詞原形比較正式,常用于書

14、面語中。如:If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.1 He suggested that the meeting put off.A. not beB. should notC.wouldnt D. be not2 What would have happened if you her child?A. hadnt helpedB. couldnt helpC. wouldnthelp D. didnt help3 It is strange

15、 that he so.A. thinksB. thinkC.thought D. will think4 If I with her last summer, I with her now.A. workedam getting on very wellB. had workedwould get on very wellC. had worked would have got on very wellD. had workedwill get on very well5 I wish I my uncle yesterday.A. metB. have metC. wouldmeet D.

16、 had met6 The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6.A. was finishedB. will finishC. befinished D. shall be finished7 Its high time he home.A. goesB. wentC. willgo D. is going to go8 you succeed and you be healthy.A. MaymayB. WishwishC. HopehopeD. Shouldmay9 Galileo insisted that the

17、 earth round the sun.A. should moveB. moveC.moves D.A or B10 I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I to the meeting.A. cameB. would comeC. hadcome D. would have come11 Supposing the weather bad, where would they go?A. will beB. isC.were D. be12 your letter, I would have started off two days ago.A. If

18、 I receivedB. Should I receiveC. If I could have receivedD. Had I received13 If only I to my parents advice!A. listeningB. listenC. amlistening D. had listened14 If it rain next week, the farmers could still have a good harvest.A. shouldB. couldC.would D. might15 -Why didnt you come to the party yes

19、terday?-I , but an unexpected visitor came to see me.A. didB. wouldC.had D. was going to16 Id rather you me the news.A. not tellB. not to tellC. didnttell D. hadnt told17 I to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.A. would have hopedB. was hopingC. had hopedD. hoped18 His silence at th

20、e meeting suggested that he to your plan.A. shouldnt agreeB. wouldnt agreeC. hadntagreed D. didnt agree19 He the job well, but he so careless.A. hadnt done, had beenB. could have done, wasC. could do, wasD. had done, hadbeen 20 Li Ling acted that way as though he A. were be D. is B. had been a foreigner. C. should 08 年 6 月 21 四級(jí)考試考中答案最終整理版 完畢 A卷 快速閱讀 ABBCABC 8.quite homogeneous,but small 9.relationship with