定語從句學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)例析

1、定語從句學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)例析宜城一中英語組陳春香一、如何選用關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞？1. The city that/ which lies in the cen ter of Hubei Province has a large population.(作主語，指物)The city (that/ which )you described to me yesterday has a large populati on.( 作賓 語，可省略，指物)The city where/in which I was brought up has a large population.(作地點(diǎn)狀語)The city

2、whose population is the largest in China lies in the east.(作定語，指某物ve forgotte n the exact dawhe n/ on which he gave me the film copy.(作時(shí)間狀的)2. I '語)I ' ve forgotten theexact day( that/ which) he fixed for me to have the operation.(作賓語，可省略，指物)3. The reason( that/ which) he gave us was hard to

3、 accept.(作賓語，可省略，指物)The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the early bus.( 作原因狀語) 選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，不僅僅要看先行詞表示什么意義，更重要的是一'定要看先行詞在后面的定語從句中充當(dāng)什么成份。若作主語、賓語、表語就用關(guān)系代 詞(that, which, who, whom ,whose, as)。若作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語就用關(guān)系副詞(whe n, where, why) 。二、關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的“六用，三不用”原則1. 六用原則等或先(1) 先行詞為 e

4、verything, anything, nothing, something, all, few, little, much 行詞被 all, every, any, no, little, much 修飾時(shí)。All that can be done has bee n done.You can take any book that you like.(2) 先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)或先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the best book that I have ever read.(3) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞或先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。This is the first time tha

5、t I have heard of it.The last place that we visited was the Great Wall.(4) 先行詞被 the only, the very, the right等修飾時(shí)。This is the very watch that I lost the other day.注意：以上(2) (3)( 4)若先行詞指人，也可用 who, whom,但常用that.You are the only pers on that/ who can help me.(5) 先行詞包括人和物兩者時(shí)。They talked about the pers on

6、s and the thi ngs that they remembered in the school.(6) 當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。Who is the pers on that is sta nding at the gate?Which of us that knows someth ing about physics does not know this?2. 三不用原則(1)先行詞是-one或-body構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，不能用 that,而用who或whom.Is there an ybody else who should be in vited?（

7、2）關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，不能用that,而用which或whom.Here is the car about which I told you.Who is the man with whom you just shook han ds?（3）在非限制性定語從句中，不能用that.I have lost my pen, which I like very much.I have two sisters, who are both high school stude nts.三、需要弄清楚的幾個(gè)問題1. 有無并列連詞影響句子的結(jié)構(gòu)He has two sons, both of whom are

8、 college stude nts.He has two sons, and both of them are college students.2. 有無定冠詞影響定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)Is this the boy （ that/_whom/_who_） you want to talk to?Is this boy the one you want to talk to?3. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的形式也影響句子的結(jié)構(gòu)Entering the room, I found a note on the table,which read, “I ' ve left for Harbin.En teri

9、ng the room, I found a note on the table.上 read, " I' ve left for Harb in.4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句還是定語從句？It was in the museum （ that / which ） we visited yesterday that I got to know the famous pers on.Where did you find your wallet?It was in the cinema where I saw the film （ that I found my wallet ）.It was

10、on September 11,2001 that the World Trade Cen ter in New York was attacked.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）It was in Wuha n that Jill met the three- year-old girl and adopted her.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）簡單的判斷方法：禾U用強(qiáng)調(diào)句的還原性，即去掉 it was/isthat之后剩余部 分依然是一個(gè)完整的句子，則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。5. 主語從句還是定語從句？ |Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.（ 主語從句）An

11、yone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.（定語從句）Those who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.（定語從句）6. 同位語從句還是定語從句？Galileo collected the fact that / which proved the earth and all the other pla netsmove around the sun.（ 定語從句）Galileo discovered the fact that the earth an

12、d all the other pla nets move around the sun.（同位語從句）簡單的辨別方法：看that在后面的從句中是否充當(dāng)成份。若充當(dāng)主語、賓語或 表語，就是定語從句；若不充當(dāng)任何成份，無意義，就是同位語從句。7. 結(jié)果狀語從句還是定語從句？He gave us so easy a problem as every one could work out.（ 定語從句）He gave us so easy a problem that every one could work it out.（狀語從句）He gave us such an easy problem

13、that every one could work it out.（狀語從句）簡單的辨別方法如上。8. 關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句I want to buy such a n electro nic dictio nary as you bought last week.（ 作賓語）They do the same work as_we （do）.（作賓語）I received as nice a gift as my mother promised.（ 作賓語）I have n ever see n such k ind of people as they are.（ 作表語）I ca

14、n read as_ma ny pages as_are required.（ 作主語）9. 關(guān)系代詞a匸作“正如”講導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放句首或句末，指代上文或下文的整個(gè)句子，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞多是see, know, expect, say, men ti on, report,announce 等。As is reported, talks betwee n the two coun tries are mak ing progress.A big earthquake occurred in Xinjia ng last ni ght,as was reported on TV.注意區(qū)別

15、：It is reported that talks between the two countries are making progress. 又如：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as is often the case, as might be imag in ed, as might be expected（ 預(yù)料）,as has bee n poin ted out, as has bee n said before/ above; as （it） ofte n happe ns.注意：as在句中作主語時(shí)，常用被

16、動(dòng)式；而 which在從句中作主語時(shí)，常用主 動(dòng)式。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，放在主句之后，代指上文的事，常譯作“這 一點(diǎn)，這，那，其，之”等。Nels on Man dela was gen erous with his time, for which I was grateful.He passed the college-e ntrance exam, which made his pare nts very happy.10. 兩個(gè)定語從句the same that與-the same as有何區(qū)別？This is the same key that （ 同一個(gè).）I lost

17、yesterday. Thanks a lot.This is the same key as£ 類似的.）I lost yesterday. Thank you all the same.11. 當(dāng)先行詞是the way時(shí),若在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語就用關(guān)系代詞that /which.若作方式狀語就用that / in which / - 三種方式。This is the on ly way（ that ） you can use to solve the problem.（作賓語）I don ' t like the wa：hat / in which / - yo

18、u speak to me.（作方式狀語）12. whose與which和whom的轉(zhuǎn)換.whose指某人的時(shí)可以解釋為the+ n+ of whom。whose 指某物的，可以解釋為 the+ n.+ of which 或者 of which +the +n.請看以下例句：He still lives in the room whose_door_faces to the east.He still lives in the room, of which the door / the door of which faces to the east.13. 關(guān)系副詞與介詞+which的轉(zhuǎn)換th

19、As you know, July 28 is the day on which / when the Tangshan earthquake happened.The USA is a large country in which / where many differe nt dialects are spoke n. The reason for which / why he turned down the invitation to the party is not clear.I shall n ever forget those years duri ng which / whe

20、n we worked together. 注意：在介詞之后只能使用關(guān)系代詞 which （指事物）或者whom （指人），一定 不能使用that和who.14. 表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞時(shí)，常用關(guān)系副詞where ,如case, point, situation,position, stage, scene ， spot, condition, circumstances ，instances 等.Now you can see we ' ve come to the poiwthere a change is badly needed. Teachi ng is a job wh

21、ere you are doing someth ing serious but in teresti ng.時(shí)間.（09.北京）Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.15. 當(dāng)先行詞是 time, occasion, age, generation, period 等詞時(shí)，常用關(guān)系畐寸詞 when . This was a time when the two coun tries were at war.I can remember very few occasi ons wh

22、e n he had to can cel because of ill health.Occasi ons are quite rare whe n I have the time to spe nd a day with my kids. （08. 山東）We are liv ing in an age whe n the internet makes it very convenient for us to get any in formatio n we want.16. 定語從句中的主謂一致Tom is the only one of the boys who has bee n highly spoke n of in our class.Tom is one of the boys who have bee