中考-專題復(fù)習(xí)-形容詞和副詞(共21頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上中考 專題復(fù)習(xí) 形容詞和副詞形容詞1、 形容詞的作用與位置一形容詞：用來說明或修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱為形容詞。1、形容詞的句法作用：作句子中名詞的定語、句子的表語以及賓語補(bǔ)足語。2、形容詞在句子中的位置：作定語時(shí)放在名詞的前面。形容詞修飾名詞。如：a big yellow wooden Chinese ship(一個(gè)黃色的大型中國(guó)木船)前置形容詞（作定語）的順序?yàn)椋?冠詞+描述性形容詞（pretty/ugly/kind等）+表特征形容詞（大形新年色）+專屬形容詞（國(guó)籍等）+材料 +名詞作表語時(shí)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The idea sounds great

2、. 連系動(dòng)詞主要有：be(am, is, are), look(看起來), sound（聽起來）, smell（聞起來）, taste（嘗起來）, feel（感到，摸起來）.作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)放在賓語之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean. keep/find/make/think+賓語+形容詞（作賓補(bǔ)）后置的情況： 修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)放在代詞之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的事故)與表示“長(zhǎng)、寬、高、重、老、遠(yuǎn)離”的詞連用時(shí)形容詞后置。如：Hes 1.8 m

3、etres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球離地38萬公里)二注意：形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置：1修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級(jí)或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alik

4、e, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置the only person awake4和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)a bridge 50 meters long5成對(duì)的形容詞可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容詞短語一般后置a man difficult to get on with2、 常見考點(diǎn) 1. 只能作表語的形容詞：afraid害怕；alone獨(dú)自的；asleep睡著的；awake醒著的；alive活著的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的例如，the man is ill.(正)the ill man is my

5、 uncle.(誤)2. 只能作定語的形容詞：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木質(zhì)的；woolen羊毛質(zhì)的；elder年長(zhǎng)的例如，my elder brother is in beijing.(正)my brother is elder. (誤)3. 貌似副詞的形容詞：lonely獨(dú)自的；friendly友好的；lively生動(dòng)的；lovely可愛的4. 復(fù)合形容詞：snow-white雪白的 english-speaking說英語的；glass-topped玻璃罩的；full-time全日制的；well-known眾所周知的；kind-hearted善良的；man-made人造

6、的；take-away可以帶走的；ten-year-old十歲的。課堂練習(xí)1. Miss Li is _ (嚴(yán)格的) with us, but she is the most popular teacher in our school. 2. It is not safe for such a small child to swim _ (單獨(dú))in the river. 3. Learning Chinese is very popular among foreigners now. I'm sure it will be used _ (wide) in the world. 4.

7、 Eating too much fast food is not _ (health). 5. _(lucky), the sick boy had a successful operation at last. 6. In some ways, the space shuttles travel fast, but the journey to Mars may be very _ (comfortable) . 7. -The radio says it will be _ (rain) tomorrow, so we can't have a picnic in the par

8、k.-What a pity! 8. Congratulations! Youve answered all the questions (正確地). 9. (luck), John got back the notebook that he had lost at the cafe. 10. Eat some vegetables and fruit every day because they are (health) food.三形容詞常用句型1.“its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么樣”。注意：這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞，如good(好的

9、)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有禮貌的)，clever(聰明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懶惰的)，careful(細(xì)心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正確的)，wrong(錯(cuò)誤的)等。例如，its very kind of you to help me.(=you are very kind to help me.)你能幫助我，真好。its very rude of her to say such words.(=she is very rude to say such words.)她說這樣的話，真粗魯。its foolish of h

10、im to go alone.(=he is foolish to go alone.)他單獨(dú)出去太傻了。2.“its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事對(duì)某人來說怎么樣”。注意：這一句型中常用的形容詞有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困難的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艱難的)，dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒適的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。例如，its not easy for them to learn a forei

11、gn language.(=to learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)對(duì)于他們來說學(xué)好一門外語不容易。its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=to listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)對(duì)于學(xué)生來說上課認(rèn)真聽老師講課是非常重要的。its necessary for us to get to school on time.(=to get to school on

12、time is necessary for us.)對(duì)于我們來說按時(shí)到校是非常必要的。3.表示感情或情緒的形容詞，如glad(高興的)，pleased(高興的)，sad(憂傷的)，thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。例如，glad to see you. 見到你非常高興。im very sad to hear the bad news. 聽到這個(gè)壞新聞，我非常難過。4.表示能力和意志的形容詞，如ready(樂意的，有準(zhǔn)備的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。例如，lei feng is always ready to help others.雷鋒

13、總是樂于助人。he is sure to get to school on time. 他一定會(huì)按時(shí)到校。課堂練習(xí)翻譯下面句子。1. 他夜晚一個(gè)人出去實(shí)在太危險(xiǎn)了。 2.她很粗心，每天都上學(xué)遲到。 3. 對(duì)于學(xué)生來說，每天復(fù)習(xí)是很必要的。 4、 形容詞的比較級(jí)形容詞、 副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1、分類：形容詞和副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三級(jí)。原級(jí)變?yōu)楸容^級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。2、規(guī)則變化:(1)單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級(jí)的后面加上er,est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母,后加er,est：c)以輔音字

14、母+y結(jié)尾的,先把y改為i再加上er,est：(2)兩個(gè)音節(jié)或兩個(gè)以上的音節(jié)的,在原級(jí)前加more / most.3、不規(guī)則變化:原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身體)好的,bad, badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身體)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身體)最不舒服的ill(身體)不舒服的many許多的(可數(shù))more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的(不可數(shù))；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)地farther更遠(yuǎn)的；更遠(yuǎn)地farthest最遠(yuǎn)的；最遠(yuǎn)地further進(jìn)一步的(

15、地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：級(jí)別比較程度表達(dá)方式和意義例 句備 注原級(jí)同等程度肯定形式As+原級(jí)+as(像一樣)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.否定形式not + so (as) +原級(jí)+as(不如那樣)English is not so difficult as science.She does not think swimming is as interesting as hiking.注意I dont think否定前移句型比較級(jí)不同程度（用于兩者比較）比較級(jí)

16、+than(比)Jim is older than Luky.I like pork better than beef.比較級(jí)前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)（越來越）The + 比較級(jí)，the + 比較級(jí)（越, 越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand.最高級(jí)最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高級(jí)+o

17、f (in)(最)Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副詞最高級(jí)前面的the 往往省略注意：有些形容詞，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含義的限制，沒有比較級(jí)。5、形容詞比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的特殊用法舉例： His bike is newer than hers. (見到than 必須用比較級(jí)) Jim is the tallest in our class.(在班集等集體內(nèi)用介詞in來表示比較的范圍) Jim is the tallest

18、of all (the studens). (見到of all 要用最高級(jí)) = Of all the students, Jim is the tallest. Jim is the tallest of the three. (見到of the three要用最高級(jí)) Which is bigger, a tiger or a monkey ? (兩者比用比較級(jí)) Which is the biggest, a tiger, a dog or a monkey ?（三者或三者以上比用最高級(jí)） This ruler is short , Please give me a longer one

19、. Id like the bigger (one) of the two cakes.（兩者中“較”用“the+比較級(jí)”） Tom is two years older than I. 湯姆比我大兩歲。 Tom is twice as old as I. 湯姆的年齡是我的兩倍。 The number of the students in our school is bigger/larger/smaller than yours. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)目比你們學(xué)校大/小。（兩個(gè)數(shù)量/目只級(jí)比較大小，不能比較多少(價(jià)格price只能比較高低，用“high”或“l(fā)ow”，不能比較貴或便宜)6、比較級(jí)

20、與最高級(jí)的互換Jim is taller than any other boy in our class.(吉姆比我們班上任何一個(gè)男孩都高)= Jim is taller than the other boys in our class.(在我們班上吉姆其它的男孩高)= Jim is taller than any of the other boys in our class.= Jim is the tallest boy in our class. （吉姆是我們班最高的） . Jim is taller than any girl in our class.（吉姆比我們班的任何一個(gè)女孩都高

21、） .Tom isnt as/so tall as Mike. = Tom is shorter than Mike. = Mike is taller than Tom. = Tom is less tall than Mike. .This book isnt as/so interesting as that book. =This book is less interesting than that book =That book is more interesting than this book.7、比較級(jí)前常用的修飾語:比較級(jí)前常用a bit/a little（一點(diǎn)），much/

22、a lot（非常）,even/far(更加),still等詞語表示程度。而表示數(shù)量的more之前還可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等詞。例如：She is a little taller than I (me). Rose is much more careful than Tom. Would you like some more coffee?(你還要些咖啡嗎？) He did not eat any more.(他沒有再吃)8、使用形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng): 1. than必須放在形容詞比較級(jí)的后面。2. 形容詞

23、的最高級(jí)前必須有the, 而副詞的最高級(jí)前the可以省略。3. 在進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，必須是同類事物相比較。His ruler is longer than I. (錯(cuò)) His ruler is longer than mine.(對(duì)) The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.(that不能少)課堂練習(xí)1. It was _ weather that they decided to go out for a picnic無錫市A. such fine B. such a fine C. so fine D. so fine a 2. My pa

24、rents will go there by taxi because it is raining_. A. badly B. hardly C. probably D. heavily3. Daniel is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends. 蘇州市 A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully4. Mrs King kept weighing herself to see how much_she was get

25、ting. A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest5. Did you watch the basketball match last weekend? Yes, I did. It was covered_, and I think it was wonderful. A. live B. alive C living D. lively6. The girl's voice sounds_. Maybe she can become a good singer when she grows up. A. sweet B.

26、 sweetly C. beautifully7. How are you today, Bob?I'm even_now. I don't think the medicine is good for me. A. better B. worse C. happier D. unluckier8. Billy has all kinds of different ideas. He is_to be a famous writer. 宿遷市A. enough creative B. creative enough C. energetic enough D. enough e

27、nergetic9. Helen learns to dance three times a week. Now she dances_Anita does.A. so good as B. as well as B. C. as good as D. so well as10. When the fire broke out, many people were so_that they ran_.A. frightening; wild B. frightened; wild C. frightened; wildly D. frightening; wildly11. The work i

28、s too difficult for Mr Zhu to finish in a week. He needs_days. A. more two B. two more C. two another D. another more12. In the Science Museum, the children felt_to see so many_things. A. surprised; amazed B. surprising; amazing C surprising; amazed D. surprised; amazing 13. It was _ music that I lo

29、st myself in it. 泰州市A. such a beautiful B. so beautiful a C. so beautiful D. such beautiful14. Be _. Make sure not to make the same spelling mistake next time. A. peaceful B. careful C. helpful D. thankful 15. When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should keep calm and go to an open a

30、rea as _as possible. A. slowlyB. quietlyC. widely D. quickly16. I've got nothing to do. I'm _.A. bored B. interested C. excited D. frightened17. She was _ well dressed that she attracted everyone's attention at the party. A. so B. quite C. too D. very18. Peter drives_Amy, so it will take

31、 Peter time to get to the hotel.A. much faster than; less B. more slowly than; lessC as fast as; more D. as slowly as; more副詞副詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為24分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生的具體語言環(huán)境中使用副詞的能力。-考查重點(diǎn)中考試題對(duì)副詞的考查涉及常用副詞的用法、副詞等級(jí)的各種句型、易混淆的副詞用法辨析等。其中，頻度副詞always，often，usually，sometimes，never，時(shí)間

32、副詞already，yet，still，just，疑問副詞how，why，when，where，程度副詞enough，quite以及too，also，either等的用法區(qū)別，副詞比較等級(jí)句型是考查的熱點(diǎn)。一、副詞的分類：(見下表)時(shí) 間 副 詞頻度副詞地點(diǎn)/方位副詞程度副詞方式副詞疑問/連接副詞其他副詞today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,how,too, also,yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,where,nor, so,then, early, late,always,a

33、nywhere,rather, quite,alone,when,as, on,off,once, soon, just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,tonight, long,often,in, inside, out,much, just,together,whetheryes, no,already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, etc.not, neitherago, later, ever sincenever,a

34、way, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly結(jié)尾關(guān)系副詞maybe,after, whenever(seldom),near, nearby,as long as等,的副詞where,perhaps,first, someday,ever,wherevereven, all,why, howcertainly,sometime, last,everywhere,a little, a bitwhen,二、副詞的基本用法：副詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句話的詞類，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。例如，1.we should listen to our teach

35、ers carefully. 我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽老師講課。2.he is very happy today. 他今天非常高興。3.“what happened？”i asked，rather angrily. “發(fā)生什么事情了？”我相當(dāng)生氣地問。4. in spring，i can see flowers everywhere. 在春天，我到處都能看到花。三、常見副詞用法辨析1.already與yet的區(qū)別already用于肯定句句中，表示“已經(jīng)”;yet用于否定句句末，表示“還”，用于疑問句句末， 表示“已經(jīng)”例如，he had already left when i called. 當(dāng)我給他打

36、電話時(shí)，他已經(jīng)離開了。have you found your ruler yet？ 你已經(jīng)找到你的尺子了嗎？i havent finished my homework yet. 我還沒有完成作業(yè)。注意：already還可以表示驚奇，驚訝等語氣，常用于疑問句句末例如：has your son gone to school already？ 你的兒子已經(jīng)上學(xué)了嗎？(表示很驚訝)2 very，much和very much.的區(qū)別very用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)；much用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)；修飾動(dòng)詞要用very much.例如，john is very honest. 約翰非常誠(chéng)實(shí)。thi

37、s garden is much bigger than that one. 這個(gè)花園比那個(gè)大的多。thank you very much. 非常感謝你3.so與such的區(qū)別so修飾形容詞或副詞;such 修飾名詞，例如，my brother runs so fast that i cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。he is such a boy. 他是一個(gè)這樣的孩子。so修飾的形容詞后可以有一個(gè)單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”.such可以修飾可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，名詞前可以有形容詞作定語，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“such+a/an

38、+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”，“such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”，. 例如，he is so clever a boy.=he is such a clever boy.他是一個(gè)如此聰明的孩子。it is such cold weather.這么冷的天氣。(正)it is so cold weather.(誤)they are such good students. 他們是那么好的學(xué)生。(正)they are so good students. (誤)如果可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前有many，few或不可數(shù)名詞前有much，little修飾，用so不用such.例如，so many(如此多的)；s

39、o few(如此少的)可以加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)so much(如此多的)；so little(如此少的)可以加不可數(shù)名詞4.also，too，as well與either 的區(qū)別also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。例如，my father is a teacher. my mother is also a teacher.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher as well.=my father is a

40、teacher. my mother is a teacher，too. 我爸爸是一名老師，我媽媽也是。i cant speak french. jenny cant speak french，either.我不會(huì)說法語，詹妮也不會(huì)。5.sometime，sometimes，some time與some times的區(qū)別sometime：某一時(shí)間，某一時(shí)刻，可指將來時(shí)，也可指過去時(shí)sometimes：有時(shí)，不時(shí)的some time：一段時(shí)間some times：幾次，幾倍. 例如，well have a test sometime next month. 下個(gè)月的某一時(shí)間，我們要進(jìn)行一次測(cè)試。

41、sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有時(shí)我們很忙，有時(shí)不忙。he stayed in beijing for some time last year. 他去年在北京呆了一段時(shí)間。i have been to beijing some times. 我去過北京好幾次。6.ago與before的區(qū)別ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”，常與一般過去時(shí)連用，不可以單獨(dú)使用。before指過去或?qū)淼哪硶r(shí)刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成時(shí)連用，可以單獨(dú)使用。例如，i saw him ten minutes ago. 我十分鐘之前看到的他。he t

42、old me that he had seen the film before. 他告訴我他以前看過這場(chǎng)電影。7.now，just與just now的區(qū)別now：與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，意為“現(xiàn)在”just：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)連用，表示“剛”just now：和過去時(shí)連用，表示“剛才”. 例如，where does he live now？ 他現(xiàn)在住哪里？we have just seen the film. 我們剛看過這場(chǎng)電影。he was here just now. 他剛才在這里。課堂練習(xí)一、根據(jù)句意和所給的首字母，寫出副詞的完整形式。1. The boy fel

43、l off his bike and hurt himself b .2. “Why are late for school again?” the teacher asked a .3. I didnt see m during the flight because there are t much cloud.4. He is s nice a person that we all like him.5. The words on the blackboard are so small that I cant see them c .6. You cant drive a car. I c

44、ant e .7. Please speak l , I cant hear you.8. The green lights dont shine so b as the yellow ones.9. How f did he run? Two miles.10. Lucy studies Chinese h than Lily; so she does b in Chinese than Lily.11. He often takes a lift to go up and d .12. Then he gets o of the lift and climb u to the fiftee

45、nth floor on foot.13. Go along this road and turn r at the second crossing.14. I got up e and hurried to the station.15. The old man was too tired to walk any f .16. You dont write so c as before.17. The truck hit the tree so h that it fell down.18. L I was at home when she called.19. Look! The kite

46、 is flying h and h .20. The children rushed n to their seats. 21. You came to school l in your class yesterday.22. Lucy did rather b . Mei mei did w . Lily did w of all.23. How w the little girl is dancing over there.24. My mother coughed t for the whole night.25. Old people must be spoken to p .二、選

47、擇題1. The sun _ rises in the east. A. never B. sometimes C. always D. often2. I always listen to the teacher_ in class. Its very clever of you to do that. A. free B. freely C. careful D. carefully 3. They could do the work better with _ money and _people. A. little, fewer B. fewer, less C. less, fewe

48、r D. less, few4. Monday is my_ day. A. the busiest B. busy C. busier D. busiest 5. Mr. Taylor, the bank manager often dresses more_ to get relaxed at the weekends. A . carefully B. normally C. casually D. particularly 6. Jenny, a man named Tom phoned you_. He asked you to call him back. A. now and t

49、hen B. just now C. right now D. from now on 7. Tom is _of the two. A. the younger B. the youngest C. younger D. the young8. What _ news it was! Yes, all of the children were_. A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excitedC. exciting; exciting D. excited ; excited 9. The pianos in this shop are as _ as t

50、he ones in that shop. A. cheap B. cheapest C. cheaper D. the cheapest10. Its winter now. It is getting _.A. very cold and cold B. colder and colder C. more cold and cold D. coldest and coldest專題復(fù)習(xí)：完型填空My mom only had one eye. I hated her.There was one day during primary school when my mom came to say hello to me. How could she 61 this to me? I threw her a hateful look and ran out. The next day one of my cla