初中英語代詞講解

1、other 某一個(gè)，另一些，其他的。不能單獨(dú)使用，后面需跟單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，泛指別的。others 其它。必須單獨(dú)使用，泛指別人或別的東西。常用于“some others”結(jié)構(gòu)。the other兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)，剩下的一個(gè)。特指。常用于“one the other ”結(jié)構(gòu)。the others 其他全部，其余的。表示在一個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的其他全部。The other + 單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞 表示在一定范圍內(nèi)的另一個(gè)或幾個(gè)，特指。another另一個(gè)（指多個(gè)中的任何一個(gè)）可單獨(dú)用，也可接單數(shù)名詞，還可接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示另幾個(gè)，再幾個(gè)。Where are his other books? Some are r

2、ed,and others are black.She has two sisters,one is a nurse ,the other is a teacher.In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. Would you have another cup of tea?4. every與eacheach 每一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別情況。主、賓、定、狀,可單獨(dú)使用,可做代名詞、形容詞、用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)人或物。every 每一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，“每個(gè)都”“人人都”，只作定語，不可單獨(dú)使用，僅作形容詞，用于三者或三者以上每

3、一個(gè)人或物。The teacher gave a toy to each child. (定) I gave each an apple when they came.(賓)當(dāng)我們說each child, each student或each teacher時(shí)，我們想到的是一個(gè)人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說every child和every student時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every chi

4、ld likes playing. = All children like playing.1)、只能說each of , 不能說every of ,every one = eachEach of the rooms can hold twenty people.（主）2）、each every 作定語時(shí)，后加單數(shù)名詞；each作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each student has a book. Every student has a book.3）表達(dá)“每幾個(gè)”，只能用everyEvery four days 每四天 Every other day 每隔一天 Every few metr

5、es 每隔幾米5. all,both,none,either,neither的用法。1)all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。both 兩個(gè)人或事物，對(duì)兩者的肯定none 三者或三者以上都不，是all的全部否定式，后不直接接名詞，需加of 再加名詞，動(dòng)詞可單可復(fù)。either 對(duì)兩者之一的肯定，neither 對(duì)兩者的否定，是both 的全部否定式作主語 All of us like Mr Pope. = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語) Either ( of the books) willdo

6、. Neither (of the books)is correct. Neither of us enjoy getting up early. Both of you are right.作賓語 I will take both of them with me. You make take either with you. I agree with neitherof you. I have forgotten all about it.作定語 Both seats are taken. You may take either road. There are trees on either

7、 side (=onboth sides). Neither seat is taken. All students like the film.1)、作主語時(shí)，all,both 后的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，neither,either后的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。2）、bothall還可以做主語和賓語的同位語You and I are both correct. The food is not enough for us all.作同位語時(shí)的位置：A、在be 后 B、在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前 C、在第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后3）作定語時(shí)，either neither 后面加單數(shù)名詞，both只能和復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，而all 可以和單數(shù)或不

8、可數(shù)名詞搭配。There are trees on both sides of the road. He has lived here all his life.4)all 作主語表示“整個(gè)事物”時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)All the water has been used up. (作主語)5)both,all 加否定是部分否定，如果要表示全部否定，分別用neither ,none.Both of us are not teachers. 并不是我倆都教書。（部分否定）Neither of us is a teacher. （全部否定）All of the books are not Chinese

9、books. 這些書中有些不是漢語的。None of the books are Chinese books. 這些書中沒有一本是漢語的。6)并列連詞的使用Either or Either you or I am right.neither nor Neither my sister nor I am right.both and Both he and I know this teacher.6、not 用在動(dòng)詞后，組成否定句no = not any ,not a 在句中只能用作定語，修飾可數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞。none 是all 的反義詞，可作主語和賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞

10、時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可。There is no water in the well. Jim has no brothers or sisters.None of the stories is (are) interesting. Ive read none of the books.7、one 指代上文提到過的單數(shù)名詞。This book is better than that one.ones 指代上文提到過的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 He doesnt want the small apples,he wants the big ones.1)、one 可用來泛指任何人，可作賓語、主語，并有所有格one

11、s (作定語)和反身代詞oneself(作主語、賓語)。One should do ones (his) duty.2)如果前句中提到的單數(shù)名詞是可數(shù)的，就多用one 來代替，如果該名詞是不可數(shù)的，就多用that 來代替。The population of New York is larger than that of London.8、much 只修飾不可數(shù)名詞，much water many 只修飾可數(shù)名詞， many books比較： a lot of 和lots of 可接可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但一般只用于肯定句、在疑問句或否定句中，則用much 和many。9、復(fù)合不定代詞由some

12、 ,any , no, every加上-body ,-one,-thing構(gòu)成。1).在句中作主、賓、表。復(fù)合不定代詞一般用作單數(shù)。Nobody is absent. Do you need anything? Grammer is not everything.2)、復(fù)合不定代詞被定語修飾時(shí)，定語須放在它們后面。There is nothing wrong with the radio. Is there anything important? Anything else？3）由some 組成的不定代詞用于肯定句，由any 合成的不定代詞用于否定句，疑問和條件句，有些疑問句在表示請(qǐng)求、建議和

13、反問時(shí)，也可以用some 合成的不定代詞。4).everyone 每一個(gè)人，人人， 大家，單獨(dú)使用，不可接of 短語。every one 一個(gè)人，一件事情。一般要接of 短語。5），由any 合成的不定代詞，不能在否定句中作主語。如：不能說： Anybody doesnt go to see the film. 而應(yīng)改成： Nobody goes to see the film.10、all, whole whole不能直接與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，不能直接修飾專有名詞。all China = the whole of China all the world =the whole world all t

14、he time = the whole time all the class = the whole class all the way = the whole way the whole nation=the whole country11、such, samesuch as He needs such a book as mine.such . that He is such a kind man that everyonf likes him.same; 必須和the 連用。形,They left on the same day.代, Ill do the same as you.12、

15、表示不定量的短語A以下短語替代或修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：few , a few; quite a few ,only a few; several, many, a large (great) number of (許多) a couple of 兩三個(gè)hundreds of 成百的B、以下短語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)many a +單數(shù)名詞the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞C以下短語直接替代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)a little,little,a bit,less, least,much,not a little 許多 not a bit 一點(diǎn)也沒有the amount of 后

16、接物質(zhì)、錢、數(shù)的總量。a bit 后一般帶of + 名詞，其它的不定量詞只有在接代詞或特定范圍時(shí)用of.六. 相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形式。1）、作賓語： each other 兩個(gè)人的關(guān)系one another 兩個(gè)以上的人之間的相互關(guān)系 在當(dāng)代英語中，each other和one another在運(yùn)用中沒有什么區(qū)別。Did you know each other at that time? We havent seen one another for a long time.2)、作定語：作定語用時(shí)，相互代詞用所有

17、格形式。each others We often correct each other's mistakes.one anothers They are interested in one another's secret.七. 疑問代詞一般都放在句首，用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞叫疑問代詞，在句子中作為某一句子成分。疑問代詞有指人：who, whom, whose指物：what既可指人又可指物：whichWhich of those is yours? (作主語) Whose is the watch on the table? （作表語）Whose umbrella is th

18、is? （作定語）Whom are you waiting for? （作賓語）1、疑問代詞構(gòu)成特殊疑問句時(shí)，疑問代詞一般都位于句首，并在句中擔(dān)任某一成分。絕大部分都用疑問語序，但疑問詞作主語或主語的定語時(shí)，要用陳述語序。My bike is lost. What shall I do? Which is the biggest animal on land?2、提問“哪個(gè)”“哪些”時(shí)，who 用于人，which 和 what 用于物，which 一般用于有一定選擇范圍的情況，what 用于無選擇范圍或究竟是什么還不清楚的情況。Which animal do you like best? Which do you prefer,rice or meat?What girls do you like