現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法講解

1、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、基本構(gòu)成1肯定句： 主語（第一、二人稱，第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)）+have +過去分詞+其他            主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+has+過去分詞+其他2否定句： 主語+ have/has +not +過去分詞+其他3一般疑問句： Have/Has  +主語+過去分詞+其他？4特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has +主語+過去分詞+其他？5.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞和過去式構(gòu)成相同，都是在詞尾加-ed。6.不規(guī)則的，大致分為以下幾種類型：1) 

2、     原形中的元音字母有變化: get-got-got,    sit sat-sat  win-won-won  spit- spat- spat   shine shone- shone find- found- found  hold-held-held  meet- met-met   stand- stood-stood   understand-understood-understood  feed-

3、 fed-fed   hang-hung-hung 2)      原形中的輔音字母有變化: make-made-made    spill-spilt-spilt   have/ has-had-had  build-built-built send-sent-sent   lend- lent- lent    spend-spent-spent   3)   &

4、#160;  在原形后加t或d: spoil-spoilt-spoilt  learn-learnt-learnt  mean-meant-meant   hear-heard-heard pay-paid-paid   say-said-said  lose-lost-lost  lay-laid-laid 4)      原形中的元音字母和輔音字母都有變化: feel-felt-felt   smell-smelt-smelt

5、60;   spell-spelt spelt  keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept   sweep-swept-swept  leave-left-left  sell-sold-sold tell-told-told  catch-caught-caught  teach-taught-taught  buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought  think-thought-thought   w

6、ear-wore-worn 5)      與原形相同: hit-hit-hit  hurt-hurt-hurt   let-let-let   put-put-put   read-read-read set-set-set  shut-shut shut  cost-cost-cost   cut-cut-cut 還有些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與過去式不相同,為便于記憶,也分類如下: 1)原形中的元音字母有變化: ring-rang-r

7、ung   sing-sang-sung   drink-drank-drunk  swim-swam-swum begin-began-begun  sink-sank-sunk 2) 在原形上加en: eat-ate-eaten  fall-fell-fallen  ride-rode-ridden write-wrote- written be-was/were-been  rise-rose-risen  forget-forgot-forgotten 3)在原形上加n: see-saw

8、-seen   give-gave-given  drive-drove-driven  take-took-taken mistake-mistook-mistaken  draw-drew-drawn  blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown  know-knew-known  show-showed-shown  throw-threw-thrown 4)在過去式上加n: steal-stole-stolen  break-brokenbroken  ch

9、oose-chose-chosen  speak-spoke-spoken   wake-woke-woken  6)      與原形相同:come-came-come  run-ran-run  become-became-become 7)      原形、過去式和過去分詞都不相同的: do-did-done  go-went-gone  fly-flew-flown  lie-lay-lain 個(gè)別

10、動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)過去式和過去分詞,一個(gè)為規(guī)則變化,另一個(gè)為不規(guī)則變化: learn-learned-learned             shined-shined     smell smelled-smelled learnt-learnt         shine  shone-shone    

11、0;        smelt-smelt wake  -waked-waked              spelled-spelled        woke-woken         spell  -spelt spelt二、現(xiàn)在完

12、成時(shí)的用法 用法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)既涉及過去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在。1表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與just（剛剛），already（已經(jīng)），never（從來沒有），ever（曾經(jīng)），before（以前），yet（仍然），once（一次），twice（兩次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今為止），during the past（last）three years（最近三年來）等連用。 副詞的位置：just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come . never表示否定, 放在have /

13、 has后, He has never visited the Great Wall. ever用于疑問句中,句型為: Have / Has主語ever 過去分詞？“曾經(jīng)過嗎？”用于詢問某人過去的經(jīng)歷。Have you ever been to the farm？ before用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before. yet 用于句末或not 之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet. already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it

14、. so far(迄今為止)用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon. 2表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示過去的某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：these days, by the end of ,（到。為止） since (自從。以來) ， for+一段時(shí)間， so far (到目前為止)（1） Shes been there for over  two years 她在那兩年多了。（2） Theyve lived here since 1989.n 辨析：sinc

15、e 和for1) since的四種用法since +過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)I have been here since 1989. since +一段時(shí)間+ ago I have been here since five months ago. since +從句 Great changes have taken place since you left. It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句 It is two years since I became a teacher.當(dāng)since和for與完成時(shí)

16、態(tài)連用時(shí)，兩個(gè)詞容易混淆。for表示事情延續(xù)的時(shí)間。since表示事情是什么時(shí)候開始的。如：She has been in the U.S.A. for six years. 她在美國已有6年了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的過程）She has been in the U.S.A. since six years ago. 從6年前到現(xiàn)在她一直住在美國。（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的點(diǎn)）三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 1. 過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；   現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。2. 過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在

17、完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。 一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語共同的時(shí)間狀語: this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不確定的時(shí)間狀語3. 現(xiàn)在完

18、成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過 去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與中考題( )1I_ a letter from him since he left（天津市） Adidn't receive Bhaven't got Cdidn't have Dhaven't heard ( )2We have lived here _ five years

19、ago（河南?。?Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter ( )3I have watched the game When you _ it？（長沙市） Ahave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch ( )4How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city（江西省） Adon't visit Bdidn't visit Chaven't visited Dhadn't visited ( )5The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week（廣州市） Adon't feel Bhasn't felt Chaven't felt Ddidn't feel ( )6My grandfather_ in the small town all his lifeHe always says he likes the town（四川?。?Aliv