第一講簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句

1、專題四各具特色的句法 簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、三大從句及特殊句式第一講簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句思維導(dǎo)圖 一、簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句就是由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ) )和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ) (或并列謂語(yǔ) )構(gòu)成的句子。簡(jiǎn)單句有五種基本句式，其他各種句式都是由這五種基本句式演變而來。1主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) (不及物動(dòng)詞 )What s worse， I doncommunicate well in my family.更糟糕的是，在家庭中我不善交流。And I can play outside too!我也可以在外面玩！2主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) (及物動(dòng)詞 )賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)可以由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式等來充當(dāng)。I plan to find a part time jo

2、b in a foreign capital company.我計(jì)劃在一家外資公司里找一份兼職。3主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)(1)本句型中的連系動(dòng)詞以be 為最多。此外還有少數(shù)其他的連系動(dòng)詞，如 appear，become， get， grow， look，prove，remain 等。(2)表語(yǔ)多為形容詞，也可以是名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式及分詞等。Tang Poetry is what we are going to learn the next class，scheduled on July 20 inthe school library.唐詩(shī)是我們下一節(jié)課將要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容，定于7 月 20 日在學(xué)校圖書

3、館進(jìn)行。This is surely a good chance for more people to see them.對(duì)于更多的人來說這確實(shí)是觀看它們的一次好機(jī)會(huì)。The “ Foreign Culturessection” in our newspaperis very popular among us students.我們報(bào)紙的“外國(guó)文化”欄目非常受我們學(xué)生的歡迎。4主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) (及物動(dòng)詞 )間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)(1)該句式中表示人的是間接賓語(yǔ)，表示物的是直接賓語(yǔ)。一般間接賓語(yǔ)在前面，直接賓語(yǔ)在后面。如果將間接賓語(yǔ)置于直接賓語(yǔ)之后，則需借助介詞to 或 for。(2)要跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：

4、ask，bring，buy，cost，fetch，give，hand，lend，offer ，pass，pay，read， return，save， sell， send， show， take，teach，tell ，write 等。 That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.那確實(shí)給了我們一種極大的成就感。Now，on behalf of my schoolmates， I wish you a safe return .現(xiàn)在，我代表全校同學(xué)，祝你們一路平安。5主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) (及物動(dòng)詞 )賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)的

5、情況的，直接跟在賓語(yǔ)之后。(2)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要是名詞、形容詞、不定式和分詞，副詞和介詞短語(yǔ)等也可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。要跟名詞或形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞有：call，consider，choose，elect，feel，find ，get， keep，make，name，paint，push，set，suppose，think ，turn 等。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的三種情況·要跟帶 to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞有：ask，expect，force，get，order，permit，persuade，tell ，want， warn 等。·要跟不帶 to 的不定

6、式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有have，make，let，listen to，hear，notice，see，watch， feel·動(dòng)詞 help 后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式可以帶I would like you to join our schoolto，也可以不帶 to。 s table tennis. team我想讓你加入我們學(xué)校的乒乓球隊(duì)。Your contribution willcertainly make the event a huge success.你的貢獻(xiàn)將會(huì)使得這次活動(dòng)獲得巨大成功。In fact，he inspires me to major in English in colle

7、ge.事實(shí)上，他鼓勵(lì)我在大學(xué)主修英語(yǔ)。二、并列句并列句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中， 這些簡(jiǎn)單句常由并列連詞 (短語(yǔ) )連在一起。1轉(zhuǎn)折 /對(duì)比連詞 (but，while)It often rains in the south， while it seldom rains in the north.在南方經(jīng)常下雨，然而在北方很少下雨。2遞進(jìn)順承連詞 (and， not only.but (also)，neither.nor，both.and，not.but.) Not only did he speak more correctly，but (also) he spok

8、e more easily.他不僅說得更正確，而且說得更輕松。3選擇連詞 (or，either.or)Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?你是想走還是想留？4因果連詞 (for， so)He must have been caught in the rain，for he is wet all over.他一定淋雨了，因?yàn)樗矶紳窳恕?一些固定句式(1)when 可用于并列連詞，意為“這時(shí)，那時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于and this/that time。常用于下列句式：·be about to do sth when.正要做某事，

9、這時(shí)突然 ·be on the point of doing sth when. 正要做某事，這時(shí)突然 ·be doing sth when. 正在做某事，這時(shí)突然 ·had done sth when. 剛做了某事，這時(shí)突然He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.他正要去上學(xué)，這時(shí)突然刮起了大風(fēng)。(2)“祈使句 and/or陳述句”，有時(shí)祈使句部分也可用名詞短語(yǔ)。Register in WeChat，and you will be able to get in touch wit

10、h the friends whom you haven t seen for a long time.在微信上注冊(cè)后，你就能與很久沒見面的朋友取得聯(lián)系了。 .單句語(yǔ)法填空1It was time for her to have a new baby，_ it was also time for the youngpanda to be independent.(2016四川高·考 )答案and 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知， “It was time for.”和“it was also time for.”之間是并列關(guān)系，故用 and 連接。 2One day，the cow was eatin

11、g grass_it began to rain heavily廣.(東高考 )答案whenbe doing sth when.“ 正在做某事，這時(shí)突然” 。3But the river wasn t changed in a few days _ even a few months(新課標(biāo).全國(guó)卷 )答案or “a few days”和“a few months”之間為選擇關(guān)系，因此要用or 連接。 4We were told that our rooms hadn t beenforreservedthatweek，_for theweek after.(廣東高考 )答案butnot.bu

12、t.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “ 不是 而是 ” 。 .單句改錯(cuò)1At the end of our trip ，I told my father that I planned to return every two years， but he agreed.(2018全國(guó)·卷 )答案butand 根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示并列關(guān)系，用并列連詞and。2Everyone was silent，waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and herparagraph aloud.(2018全國(guó)·卷 )答案andor 考查連詞

13、。此處表示 “他的或者她的 ” 段落，應(yīng)該屬于一種選擇關(guān)系，而不是并列關(guān)系。3I have grown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years.(2017全·國(guó)卷 )答案 andbut not only.but also.是固定短語(yǔ)，意為 “ 不但 而且 ” 。 4Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.(2016 全·國(guó)卷 )答案or and 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，新鮮

14、的蔬菜與高品質(zhì)的油二者之間為并列關(guān)系而非選擇關(guān)系。 5We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip.If we stay at home，it iscomfortable but there is no need to spend money.(2016全國(guó)卷 )·答案 butand 第二句句意：我們?nèi)绻诩依?，?huì)感覺舒適，還不花錢。根據(jù)句意可知， “comfortable”與“no need to spend money”之間是并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 .單句語(yǔ)法填空1I was just going to ha

15、ve a swim when I noticed a strange object in the sea.(2019成都模擬 )2Smile at life ，and it will shine on you.(2019 泉州模擬·)3It is easy to make a decision，but_hard to stick to it.(2019 衡水中學(xué)模·擬 )4The other day I was doing some grocery shopping when/and a man walked towarda group of us at the check

16、out stand.(2019撫州模擬 ) ·5We may not be able to recall the things we have heard or seen, but_they are allkept there in the storehouse of the human mind.(2019哈爾濱模擬 ) ·6Mr.Lee says slower runners，and those who only ran once or twice a week，werehelped nearly as much as those who ran faster and

17、further.(2019沈陽(yáng)模擬 )·7Some of us let these dreams die，while/but_others protect them and take care ofthem through bad days until they bring them to the sunshine and light which comesalways to those who sincerely hope that their dreams will come true.(2019榆林模擬 )8The short road，the easy path and th

18、e light load all lead to lower grades in school oflife.(2019 遵義·模擬 )·9Then we are really old，when we cannot move any longer，we can be proud of our achievements that we have ever experienced in happiness and we can say we have no regret in our lives.(2019 蘭州模擬·)10The novel is remarkabl

19、e not only for its huge cast of characters and psychological scope，but also for its precise and detailed observation of the life and social structuresof 18thcentury Chinese society.(2019湖南師大·附中模擬 ) .單句改錯(cuò)1I forgave him but gave him a hug.(2019遵義模擬·)butand2When I was 10，once my parents were

20、away on business，but I had to stay at homealone for a day.(2019會(huì)寧一·中模擬 ) butand/so3There is only a little rain and the weather is neither too hot or too cold.(2018成都龍泉二中模擬 )ornor4We can take a bus and ride a bike to get there.(2019惠州模擬 )and·or5He worriedly asked me to lie down，drink some w

21、ater or have a good rest.(2019沈·陽(yáng)模擬 )orand6I enjoyed the pleasant or exciting trip.(2019南昌模擬 )or·and7I found a good place for swimming and I was just about to jump into the river whilethere came a cry.(2019石家莊·模擬 )while when8The result was not good，because I regarded it as a challenge

22、，whose process wasthe most important.(2019 巴彥淖·爾模擬 )because but9It seems to me that autumn is the most grand and impressive season in a year.Firstof all ，neither can I suffer summer，or scanheatIgo through winter s coldness at thistime.(2019 邢·臺(tái)模擬 )or nor10Though not very big，but the restau

23、rant is popular in our area去.掉 but .語(yǔ)法填空(2019 ·陜西高三模擬 )Harvard is older than the United States.In the early 1630s some settlers suggested that a university 1._ (found) just to improve the quality oftheir descendants so that they could 2._ (well) build the new home.Thus，itwas established in 1636

24、 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.Like many other 3._ (university) at that time ，the Harvard at the early stageoften ran into financial crisis.The school board often had to go to Europe to raise 4._ (donate)，but as you can predict，they often came back 5._ their

25、hands empty.In 1638， John Harvard，pastor of Charlestown，passed away.He left his library and half his estate to the institution，6._ were the biggest donation ever since itsestablishment.Therefore，the university was named after his name.Today，you can find a statue of John Harvard 7._ (stand) in front

26、of the University Hall in Harvard Yard，and it is perhaps the University best 8. s (know) landmark.Like other world famous universities， Harvard too has many colleges and Harvard Business School is one of them.There is 9._ saying in education that Harvardis the crown of American education 10._ Harvar

27、d Business School is theshining diamond on it.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 本文是一篇說明文。 哈佛大學(xué)歷史悠久， 是當(dāng)時(shí)的殖民者為了提高他們后代的文化素質(zhì)而建立的。 文章介紹了哈佛大學(xué)創(chuàng)建初期遇到的困難、 名稱的來歷以及其地位。1be founded被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣題。主語(yǔ)a university 和動(dòng)詞 found 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；suggest 表示 “ 建議 ” 時(shí)，后接從句，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 (should)動(dòng)詞原形。 2better考查副詞的比較級(jí)。十七世紀(jì)三十年代早期，一些殖民者建議建立一所大學(xué)以提高他們后代的素質(zhì)，這樣他們

28、就能更好地建造新的家園。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空處表示 “更好地 ”，故用副詞比較級(jí)。 3universities考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。和當(dāng)時(shí)的其他許多大學(xué)一樣，早期的哈佛大學(xué)經(jīng)常遭遇金融危機(jī)。university 為可數(shù)名詞，該處表示 “其他許多大學(xué) ”，故該處用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4donation(s)考查名詞。學(xué)校董事會(huì)經(jīng)常不得不去歐洲籌集捐款，但正如你所能預(yù)測(cè)的，他們經(jīng)?？帐侄鴼w。根據(jù)該句中的及物動(dòng)詞raise 可知，空處作該及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，故用名詞形式。5with考查介詞。 with 表示 “具有，帶有 ”，符合語(yǔ)境。 6which考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，句中 his

29、 library and half his estate為先行詞，故用 which 引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 7standing 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。今天，你可以在哈佛廣場(chǎng)的大學(xué)禮堂前找到一尊站立的 John Harvard 的塑像。 John Harvard 和動(dòng)詞 stand之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。8known 考查形容詞。根據(jù)空處后的名詞“l(fā)andmark”可知，空處修飾該名詞，表示 “知名的，著名的 ” ，故用形容詞 known。 9a考查不定冠詞。 該處泛指“ 一個(gè)格言 ”，且 saying 的發(fā)音以輔音音素開關(guān)，故用不定冠詞 a。10and 考查連詞。在教育界有一句名言：哈佛是美國(guó)教育的王冠，哈佛商學(xué)院是它上面的閃亮的鉆石?？涨暗?“Harvard is the crown of American education”和空后的 “Harvard Business School is the shining diamond on it”為并列關(guān)系，故用連詞 and。 .短文改錯(cuò)Now I still remember what happened to me one day when I was six，play outside