高中英語(yǔ)常見名詞考點(diǎn)透析

1、高中英語(yǔ)常見名詞考點(diǎn)透析一、單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞的正確使用例 They have all sorts of course. (2006陜西高考·改錯(cuò) )析 英語(yǔ)中，名詞有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)的形式。本題中的course是可數(shù)名詞，意指“課程”，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式courses。二、僅以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞例 Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (2000安徽春考·改錯(cuò))析 Many happy returns of the day! 是一句固定的生日祝語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“祝你年年有今日，歲歲有今朝!”returns

2、 在此處便是約定俗成的用法。除這一結(jié)構(gòu)外，像shake hands with (= shake sbs hand), make friends with和change seats / trains / buses等常用的結(jié)構(gòu)，及thanks, cheers, congratulations, things(情況), affairs, feelings, as follows(如下), in tears, in ruins, in pieces, in chains(被囚禁), in high spirits, in ones teens / twenties, in the 1990s (或i

3、n the 1990s), into halves, good manners, give ones regards / best wishes to, make contributions to, make preparations for等，也都是常用或只用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞式。三、純粹不可數(shù)名詞的使用例 Im glad you have made such a great progress that. (2006江西高考·改錯(cuò))析 在英語(yǔ)中，有些名詞, 如advice(建議), news, information, fun, weather, progress, homework, h

4、ousework等，無論在什么情況下都是不可數(shù)的，所以這些詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不可把其與不定冠詞連用?？梢?，such a great progress 使用有誤(須改為such great progress)。再例： She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when she smelt something burning. (2004高考福建卷·改錯(cuò))由于homework為不可數(shù)名詞，所以，作業(yè)再多，也無復(fù)數(shù)。四、轉(zhuǎn)義名詞的考查熱點(diǎn)例 When you finish reading the book, you will have _

5、 better understanding of _ lifeA. a; the B. the; a C. 不填; the D. a; 不填析 本題旨在考查考生對(duì)understanding和life這兩個(gè)名詞可數(shù)性的界定：understanding已為轉(zhuǎn)義用法，life在此泛指“人生”，是不可數(shù)名詞，故而便可正確選用冠詞。轉(zhuǎn)義名詞主要分為兩類：把抽象意義轉(zhuǎn)化為具體意義，因而賦予其可數(shù)功能;把具體意義的名詞抽象化，從而賦予其不可數(shù)性。轉(zhuǎn)義名詞一直是高考測(cè)試的熱點(diǎn)。其考查主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)和短文改錯(cuò)題中。其?？紵狳c(diǎn)如下：(1)抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體： pleasure, surprise, help, succe

6、ss, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意為“.的人 / 物”。如： The meeting is a success.(2)抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體： worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等，指“一種”、“一場(chǎng)”及“多種”、“多場(chǎng)”時(shí)，有其單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months.(3)抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體： a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如： He has a good practical knowledge of computer science(4)具體轉(zhuǎn)抽象： school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church等，都是可數(shù)名詞，可以有具體的意義，如a school, three schools