形容詞和副詞57582

1、九年級英語專項復習教案、學案、講義及專項訓練形容詞、副詞形容詞、副詞：1、形容詞：用來說明或修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱為形容詞。1、形容詞的句法作用：作句子中名詞的定語、句子的表語以及賓語補足語。2、形容詞在句子中的位置：作定語時放在名詞的前面,且音節(jié)少的詞放在音節(jié)多的詞之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一個黃色的大木輪)作表語時放在連系動詞之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.(這個價格聽起來算是合理)作賓語補足語時放在賓語之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我們必

2、須盡力保持我們的環(huán)境清潔)后置的情況：修飾復合不定代詞時放在代詞之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他發(fā)生了嚴重的事故)與表示“長、寬、高、重、老、遠離”的詞連用時形容詞后置。如：Hes 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球離地38萬公里)2、副詞：用來說明事情發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、方式等含義或說明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。1、副詞的分類：(見下表)時 間 副 詞頻度副詞地點/方位副詞程度副詞方式副

3、詞疑問/連接副詞其他副詞today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,how,too, also, yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,where,nor, so, then, early, late,always,anywhere, rather, quite,alone,when,as, on,off,once, soon, just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,tonight, long,often,in, inside

4、, out, much, just,together,whetheryes, no,already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, etc.not, neitherago, later, ever sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly結(jié)尾關(guān)系副詞maybe,after, whenever(seldom),near, nearby,as long as等,的副詞where,perhaps,first, someday,ever,whereve

5、reven, all,why, howcertainly,sometime, last,everywhere,a little, a bitwhen,2、副詞在句子中的位置以及作用：作狀語： 時間副詞：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在動詞的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我們明天要去參觀長城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他們?nèi)ミ^英王國兩次) / Soon the lost boy fou

6、nd his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路) 頻度副詞：一般放在be動詞之后或者助動詞與主要動詞之間,但sometimes、often等還可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有時起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人們通常在廠里吃午飯) / Take this medicine twice a day.(這種藥一天吃兩次) 方式副詞：一般放在行為動之后,su

7、ddenly可以放在句首、句尾或動詞之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人幾乎不可能走得和年輕人一樣快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看見了一絲亮光) 地點副詞：一般放在句尾,但here、there還可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上萬的自行車朝各個方向流動) / The f

8、rightened wolf ran away.(受到驚嚇的狼逃開了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回) 程度副詞：修飾動詞時,放在動詞之前；修飾形容詞或副詞時,放在形容詞或副詞之前。但注意,enough總是放在被修飾的形容詞或動詞的后面；only位置比較靈活,總是放在被修飾的詞的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告訴我,我?guī)缀醢涯鞘氯? / It was so strange that I coul

9、d hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地趕到車站趕上了首班車) 疑問副詞：用于對句子的狀語進行提問,位置總是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何時何地出生？)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小愛迪生為什么要坐在雞蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！) 連接副詞：用來引導主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句,在從句中作狀語

10、。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎樣殺死那只貓還是個問題)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎樣做那事) 關(guān)系副詞：用來引導定語從句,在從句中作狀語。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(這就是張先生曾經(jīng)住過的地方)/ Please tell me the way

11、how you have learned English so well.(請告訴我你的英語是怎樣學得這么好的方法) 其它副詞：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在動詞前；either “也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,這樣”,放在形容詞、副詞前；on/off“開/關(guān)”放在動詞之后；not放在be之后、助動詞之后、不定式或動名詞之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或動詞之前。如： He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宮博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your t

12、icket is in your inside pocket.(也許你的票就在你的里邊衣袋里) / -Tom doesnt have a computer. Nor do I.(湯姆沒有計算機,我也沒有。) (2)作表語：地點副詞一般可以作表語,放在be等連系動詞之后,說明人物所處的位置。如：Im very sorry he isnt in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我離開家鄉(xiāng)有將近20年了) Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那邊)(3)作定

13、語：時間副詞(如now、then)以及許多地點副詞都可以作名詞的定語,放在名詞的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(現(xiàn)在的人們經(jīng)常在餐館里吃節(jié)日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世紀20年代那兒的女人過著可怕的日子)(4)作賓語補足語：地點副詞一般可以作賓語補足語。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的臟襪

14、子拿開！它們在散發(fā)著臭氣。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父親把他關(guān)在家里做作業(yè))注意 “動詞+副詞”的賓語如果是代詞,則該副詞應(yīng)該放在代詞之后。如：He wrote down the word.(他寫下了那個詞。)He wrote it down.(他把它寫了下來。)3、有關(guān)副詞的重要注釋： asas常構(gòu)成一些詞組：as soon as(一旦就), as well as(同樣), as+形容詞/副詞+as possible(盡可能地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing

15、.(請你一到北京就給我寫信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐盡快地趕到了校門口。) 注釋 “as long / much as + 名詞”可以表示“長達/多達”的含義。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花費高達50萬元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他們呆在山洞里長達兩周。) later、after、ago、before的用法：“一段時

16、間+later/ago”分別表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于過去時態(tài)?！癮fter/before+某個時刻”分別表示“在某時刻之后/之前”,此時兩個詞是介詞。ago與before：ago只能用于過去時,before用于完成時。如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一個事故)/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(數(shù)年后這個男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/ Have you been there before?(你從前到過那兒嗎？)/ After a few years he gave u

17、p smoking.(過了幾年他戒了煙。) above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低處用over和under.如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高掛在空中) / A plane flew over quickly.(一架飛機從頭頂飛過。)當above、below、over、under是介詞性質(zhì)時,意義相似。 too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑問句的末尾,且用逗號隔開；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子謂語動詞之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用

18、逗號隔開；nor(“也不”)用于倒裝句句首；如：Are you American,too?(你也是美國人嗎？)/ He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didnt watch the football game. Nor did I.(他沒有看足球賽,我也沒有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你還可以發(fā)覺那個市場很好。) enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough (“足夠,十分”)放在形容詞或副詞之后；t

19、oo(“太”)、very(“非?！?、quite(“相當”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容詞或副詞之前,very much(“非?！?放在動詞之后。如：Its too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太貴/那么貴/非常貴/相當貴。)/ I dont like sweets very much.(我不很喜歡糖果) 注意 very與 much的區(qū)別：very修飾形容詞、副詞的原級和現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞,much修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級；much還可以修飾疑問句和否定句中的動詞,very不可以。如： He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very

20、moving and everyone swept.(電影非常動人,大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得學習更努力,不然你考不進那所好學校)/ I dont like him much.(我不太喜歡他) sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有時)用于一般現(xiàn)在時、 sometime(在將來某時)用于將來時、 some times(數(shù)次)表示次數(shù)、some time(一些時間)表示一段時間。如：Some

21、times they go hiking in the mountains.(他們有時徒步旅行到山里去)/ I will stay here some time.(我會在這兒呆些時候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么時候要見見你的父親。) how、what用于感嘆句的用法：對句子中的形容詞或副詞感嘆時用how,對人或事物(可能含有形容詞作修飾語)進行感嘆用what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天氣真好！) / How difficult (the problem is)!(問題)真難呀！) alrea

22、dy、yet的用法：在完成時中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑問句。如：Have you done it already?(你已經(jīng)做好了？) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我還沒有吃早飯呢。) hard與hardly的用法：hard作為副詞意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定詞,意思是：“幾乎不”,一般與情態(tài)動詞can/could連用。如：They study English very hard.(他們英語學得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place

23、.(在公共場所你幾乎看不到一個人隨地吐痰) like.very much、like.better(=prefer)、like.best的用法：三個短語分別表示“非常喜歡”、“更喜歡”、“最喜歡”。如：I like baseball very much.(我非常喜歡棒球)/ Do you like butter better than cheese?They like hamburgers best.“quite/what+a+形容詞+名詞”的用法：記住：quite/such/what.+a+形容詞+名詞;too/so/how+形容詞+a+名詞;rather+a+形容詞+名詞 = a+ rath

24、er+形容詞+名詞。如：I have never seen such a strange guy(家伙).(我從未見過這樣奇怪的家伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk.(這真是散步的好日子) how 的幾個短語：how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般時態(tài),對表示頻度的詞語進行提問； how soon“多久以后”,用于將來時態(tài)； how long“多久”,用于過去時、完成時或其他時態(tài)； how many times“多少次”,用于過去時或完成時,對總計次數(shù)進行提問； how much“多么,多少”,對程度進行提問,也可以對數(shù)量(不可數(shù))或金錢進行提

25、問。如：How long have you been like this?(你這樣已經(jīng)多久了？)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次臉？)3、形容詞、 副詞的原級、比較級和最高級1、分類：形容詞和副詞有原級、比較級和最高級三級。原級變?yōu)楸容^級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。2、規(guī)則變化:(1)單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級的后面加上er,est構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,要雙寫最后一個輔音字母,后加er,est：c)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,先把y改為i再加上er,est：(2)兩個音節(jié)或兩個以

26、上的音節(jié)的,在原級前加more / most.3、不規(guī)則變化:原級比較級最高級good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身體)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身體)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身體)最不舒服的ill(身體)不舒服的many許多的(可數(shù))more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的(不可數(shù))；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠的；遠地farther更遠的；更遠地farthest最遠的；最遠地further進一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高

27、級的用法：(1)講述某人/物自身的情況時,用原級?；揪湫褪牵?主語(sb./sth) + 謂語動詞 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 形容詞/副詞原級 +. 如：He is very old now.(他現(xiàn)在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它們跑得相當快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天氣看上去相當糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快樂) 表示兩者之間沒有差別時,使用句型： 主語(第一個人物) + 謂語動詞 + as + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as + 第二個人物 +. 如：He is a

28、s excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一樣興奮)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉騎車像老太太一樣慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他們摘的蘋果和農(nóng)民一樣多) 表示第一個人比不上第二個人時,使用句型： 主語(第一個人物) + 謂語動詞(否定式) + as / so + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as + 第二個人物+. 如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他沒他

29、妹妹那么興奮) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉騎車不像老太太那樣慢) / They didnt pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他們摘的蘋果不如農(nóng)民多)(2) 講述兩者有差異,第一個人物超過第二個人物時,用比較級?；揪湫停?主語(A)+謂語動詞+(much/a little/even/still)+形容詞/副詞比較級+than+第二個人物(B)+. 如：A modern train is much faster than a car.

30、(現(xiàn)代的火車比轎車快多了) / This book didnt cost me more than that one.(這本書花費我的錢不比那本多) 講述兩者有差異,第一個人物不及第二個人物時,用比較級。句型是：主語(A) + 謂語動詞 + less+ (多音節(jié)形/副)比較級 + than + 第二個人物(B) +. 如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我認為英語不比數(shù)學難)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你認為學外語不那么重要嗎？)(3)講述

31、某人/物是一群之中最突出的一個時,用最高級。句型是： 主語(sb./sth) + 謂語動詞 +(the) +形容詞/副詞最高級 +in / of . 如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(長江是中國最長的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三個男生中他跳得最高)4、關(guān)于比較等級的重要注釋：1、以上六個句型中,如果動詞是及物或不及物動詞,則后面用副詞；如果后面是連系動詞,則后面用形容詞。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容詞)(

32、這輛汽車是四輛之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副詞)(這輛汽車是四輛之中跑得最快的)2、“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越來越溫暖了)3、“the+比較級,the+比較級”表示“越就越”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我們栽的樹越多,情況就會越好)/The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,進步就

33、越大)4、一般的形容詞或副詞的比較級前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示數(shù)量的more之前還可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等詞。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你還要些咖啡嗎？)/He did not eat any more.(他沒有再吃)5、more than / less than分別可以理解為“多于/少于”,相當于副詞,more than=over; l

34、ess than=under.如：I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在紐約生活了四個多月)6、“one of the +最高級+名詞(復數(shù))”整個短語為單數(shù)含義,謂語要用單數(shù)形式。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一場大火中被燒毀了)7、“Which / Who+動詞+形/副,or?”句型中,如果有兩個選項,形/副用比較級,如果有三個選項,形/副用最高級。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林濤和

35、韓梅誰的書最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(豬、馬、象哪個最重？)8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示兩個事物的詞時,用比較級,而且往往還要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三個或三個以上事物時,用最高級。如： -Do you like the smaller one?Neither.(小一點的那個你喜歡嗎？一個都不喜歡)/ -Which do you like best? All of them!(你最喜歡哪個？全部。) 基本型用所給單

36、詞或漢語提示的適當形式填空：1. John is _(tall) than Sam. (99北京)2. Lin Lin is the _ (young) in our class. (99北京)3. the man took off his shoes and put them under his bed very _(quiet). (1999遼寧)4. Ann felt very _ (happy) at her birthday party.5. Which is _ (far) from us, the sun or the moon? (99河南)6. She looks _ (th

37、in) than me. (99成都)7. It snowed _ (heavy) last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (1998上海)1. Mr. Benson seems to be the _ (busy) man in the world. (98河北)2. “The sooner, the _ (good)”, Uncle Wang said. (98廣東)3. Jack has the _ (little) bread of the three boys. (98吉林)4. We dont think thei

38、r classroom is _(干凈) than ours.5. Meimei walks as _ (慢) as Lily does. (99蘭州)6. Whos _(好) than you at English in your class? (99西安)7. The teacher asked us to take a _ (仔細) look at everything in the lab.（98浙江）8. Shanghai is one of the _ (大) cities in the world. (98寧夏)9. Which is the _ (beautiful) skir

39、t of the three? (2000北京海淀區(qū))10.The sick man is getting _ (ill). (2000上海)11.The meat smells _ (壞). Please take it away. (2000黑龍江)12.The wind is blowing _ (strong). (2000廣西)13.Whos _(高), Lucy or Lily? (2000杭州)14.She didnt do her homework _(仔細). (2001汕頭)15.Your bag is much _ (輕) than mine. (2001汕頭)16.Ho

40、w _ (大) the rain is! (2002汕頭)17.Of all the students Li Hua lives _ (遠). (2002汕頭) 提高型1. My _ sister is two years _ than I.A. older; older B. elder; elder C. older; elder D. elder; older2. Can you do your work with _ money and _ people?A. less; few B. less; fewer C. little; less D. few; less3. I didnt

41、 know which was _, so I took them both.A. good B. better C. best D. the best4. There was _ house in front of the hill.A. a wooden old fine B. an old wooden fineC. a fine old wooden D. an old fine wooden5. The population of Beijing is larger than _ Shengzhen.A. / B. the one in C. that of D. those of6

42、. What an _ story! Im _ in it.A. interested; interesting B. interesting; interestedC. interested; interested D. interesting; interesting7. The jacket is _ nice, but its _ more expensive than that one.A. much; much B. very; very C. much; very D. very; much7. After tunning She is too tired to walk _.A

43、. farther B. further C. farthest D. furthest8. Do you think the chicken tastes _?-She cooked it _, I think.A. good; good B. well; well C. well; good D. good; well9. Li Lei is running _ now.A. more and more slowly B. slowier and slowierC. slowly and slowly D. more slowly and more slowly10.Lin Tao spe

44、aks English very well, and _.A. so does his friend B. his friend does so C. so did his friend D. so he did11.He worked _ quietly _ no one knew he was there.A. so; as B. so; that C. very; that D. too; to12.You must be more _, Jim. Look, you didnt write _.A. carefully; careful B. careful; carefully C. careful; careful D. c