期末復習題型指導語法填空 教案

1、適用學科高中英語適用年級高二適用區(qū)域人教新課標版課時時長（分鐘）2課時知識點一般現在時等時態(tài)的用法過去進行時等語態(tài)的用法不定式作主語等非謂語動詞的用法教學目標掌握語法填空技巧，提高填空正確率教學重點謂語和非謂語的區(qū)別和判斷；教學難點分析句子，判斷謂語和非謂語教學過程一、導入教學建議：導入有很多種方法，一般控制在十分鐘左右為宜，可以采用各種形式，比如：1、直接導入法。2、復習以往知識：可以從已學、已知的入手，與今天的教學進行對比。3、課前小測：可以針對學生學校里近期講授的內容進行出題（以簡單題和中檔題為主，以10分鐘左右為宜）進行測驗，也可以針對基礎知識進行復習提問，檢查學生學校所學內容的掌握程

2、度，進而展開教學。4、以近年來發(fā)生的重大事件為題導入。既考查了學生從社會生活中獲取信息的能力，又激發(fā)了學生的學習興趣，讓學生馬上進入學習狀態(tài)等。以上的導入方法只是建議，大家選擇其中一種或兩種進行交叉使用即可。復習：引導學生復習上節(jié)內容：選修六unit 3-5，并引入本節(jié)課程內容：語法填空的做題技巧和方法指導，主要從三個步驟去進行：1、快速瀏覽全文，把握文章大意和作者寫作意圖，總體時態(tài)；2、分析句子結構-主謂結構;3、根據上下文把握空格意思。二、知識講解語法填空，旨在考察考生在閱讀理解的基礎上對語法和語言知識的運用的掌握情況。根據課標全國卷考試大綱語法填空的樣題要求，深度剖析語法填空的考點以幫助

3、教師和學生找到相應的備考策略。根據考試大綱對語法考查的重點和難點，分別從動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞、形容詞性從句、名詞性從句、副詞性從句、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、形容詞、副詞、情態(tài)動詞、代詞、介詞和名詞分別加以熱身練習、知識透析與強化練習來夯實考查的重難點。 語法填空題常常在語境中考查考生對語言結構和語言知識的考查，這就要求考生要針對語境做細致的分析，以語境為切入點對測試題進行思考，分析，甄別和抉擇。首要技巧是懂得如何分析句子成分，然后按提示詞和缺詞填空甄別考查的語法點和知識點。語法填空題的一般解題方法與步驟：建議：從篇章、句子、詞匯三個層面去考慮1、瀏覽全文，把握文章大意，了解特征，弄清文脈2、

4、確定句子成分，分析句型結構，邊讀邊填，先易后難填空的過程-判斷空白處應填詞語的語義（已給出詞語的除外）和正確語法形式的思維過程。思維過程中，首先必須考慮句子結構的語法性，其次是上下文的連貫性。語法關系主要通過功能詞（冠詞、介詞、連詞）來實現。詞形變化主要考察的是實義詞（名詞、動詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞）。3、驗證復查，清除難點。知識點1 提示詞填空1. 動詞的形式1） 謂語動詞：如果動詞在句中充當謂語，考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)、主謂一致或虛擬語氣(*)。先判斷謂語動詞和主語之間是主動關系還是被動關系，然后根據時間狀語和上下文謂語動詞的提示進行判斷時態(tài)（注意：熟記v+“-s”、v+“-ing”、v+“-ed

5、”的規(guī)則）。時態(tài)和語態(tài)表如下：時態(tài)主動語態(tài)形式被動語態(tài)形式一般過去時was/were; didwas/were done過去進行時was/were doingwas/were being done過去完成時had donehad been done過去將來時would dowould be done一般現在時is/am/are; do/doesis/am/are done現在進行時is/am/are doingis/am/are being done現在完成時have/has donehave/has been done現在完成進行時have/has been doing-一般將來時will

6、dowill be done2） 非謂語動詞：如果動詞在句子中不是充當謂語，考查非謂語動詞。先判斷動詞在句中充當什么成分，再選擇形式，參考下表：主動形式被動形式不定式（to do)to doto be doneto be doing（與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生)-to have done（發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前）to have been donedoing（現在分詞或動名詞）doing （與主句主語表主動關系）being donehaving done（發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前）having been done過去分詞done （與主句主語表被動關系）-主語賓語表語賓補前置定語后置定語狀語不定式（to do）表

7、示具體一次動作（多用于真實主語）熟記可跟不定式的動詞說明主語的具體內容，表意向、打算、計劃由動詞決定表將來發(fā)生的動作或表用途表目的、結果、原因動名詞（doing）表示習慣性動作(多放在句首)熟記可跟動名詞的動詞說明主語的具體內容表示被修飾語的功能或作用分詞現 在分詞(doing表示主語的性質,意為“令人.的”多指物；表正在進行的動作與賓語表主動;正在進行與被修飾語表主動或正在進行與被修飾語表主動與主句主語表主動過 去分詞(done)表示主語的性質，意為“感到.的”,多指人；表被動或已完成的動作與賓語表被動或完成的動作與被修飾語表被動或已完成的動作與被修飾語表被動與主句主語表被動2. 詞形轉換：

8、考查構詞法，四大實詞（名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞）的形式轉化。掌握名詞、形容詞和副詞在句子中充當的成分和位置。名詞在句中充當主語，動詞或介詞的賓語，同位語，表語，賓補，定語形容詞在句中充當定語、表語、賓補副詞修飾動詞、形容詞或整個句子等作狀語1） 名詞：區(qū)分不可數名詞以及可數名詞，注意名詞復數加”s”的規(guī)則；2） 形容詞：原級、比較級、最高級形式以及習慣用法和搭配；3） 副詞：考查詞形轉換和原級、比較級、最高級形式以及習慣用法。知識點2 缺詞填空1. 連詞：考查并列句，復合句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、定語從句、狀語從句）的引導詞。以下是常見引導詞：1） 并列連詞：（常放在句中連

9、接兩個獨立句子；放在句首，連接上下文；有中文意思）并列連詞并列副詞并列或遞進關系and, bothand, not onlybut also, then（然后，那時）轉折或對比關系but（但是，然而）, while（而，表對比）,however（然而） 因果關系for(因為，表原因)，so(所以，表結果)therefore（所以）, thus, 選擇關系or（或者，否則）, otherwise（要不然，否則）, notbut.(不是而是）, neithernor eitheror, 2）從屬連詞（引導狀語從句）：（常放在句首或句中，連接兩個獨立句子，有中文意思）時間狀語從句when, whil

10、e, as, before, after, till/until, notuntil, once, since, hardlywhen, no soonerthan, scarcelywhen, 地點狀語從句where,原因狀語從句because, since, as,目的狀語從句so that, in case,結果狀語從句sothat, suchthat,條件狀語從句if, unless, providing/provided that方式狀語從句(just) as, as if/ though讓步狀語從句although/though, even if/though, n./adj./v

11、 + as +主謂,wh-ever/no matter wh-+主謂比較狀語從句as原級as/not so as, the same (+n.) as, 比較級than, the+形容詞最高級；the+形容詞比較級+主謂，the+形容詞比較級+主謂（越,越）3）連接詞（引導名詞性從句）：在主句中充當主、賓、表、同位語；引導詞在從句中可充當成分或不充當成分）。引導詞列表如下：連詞(作為引導詞,在從句中不充當任何成分)連接代詞（在從句中充當作主語、賓語、定語）thatwhetherifas if/as thoughbecausewhowhomwhosewhatwhichwho(m)ever，wha

12、tever,whichever主從賓從表從同從連接副詞（在從句中作狀語）when（時間）什么時候where（地點）什么地方how（方式）如何；多么why（原因）為什么主從賓從表從同從 3）關系詞（引導定語從句）：形式：先行詞+關系詞+定語從句；關系詞在定從中一定充當主語、賓語、定語、表語或狀語。關系詞列表如下：關系代詞who指人作主語，賓語，表語whom指人作賓語whose指人或物作定語that指人或物（只用于限制性定從）作主語，賓語which指物，整個句子作主語，賓語，表語as指代整個句子（只用于非限制性定從）作主語，賓語，表語關系副詞when指時間=in,（on, at）which作時間狀

13、語(那時候=then)where指地點= in, (at)which作地點狀語(在那里=where)why指原因=for which作原因狀語4） 強調句: It is/was + 被強調部分(主語、賓語、狀語) + that + 句子的其余部分強調謂語動詞：在謂語動詞原形前加do/does/did2. 代詞：1) 人稱代詞: 主格充當主語;賓格充當賓語和表語我你他她它我們你們他們主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem2) 物主代詞: 形容詞型物主代詞作定語; 名詞型物主代詞作主語、賓語、表語我的你(們)的他的她的它的我們的他們的形容詞型m

14、yyourhisheritsourtheir名詞型mineyourshishersitsourstheirs3）反身代詞：myself(我自己), yourself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, 用作賓語、表語、同位語。4）指示代詞：it, this, that, these, those起指代作用；such/so5）不定代詞：others, other+pl.(其他的), another+可數名詞單數(另一), one, each, all, both, none, neither, either, much, ma

15、ny, little, few, every, everyone, everybody, everything; some, someone, somebody, something; any, anyone, anybody, anything; no, no one, nobody, nothing 6）疑問代詞(引導特殊疑問句)：who, whom, whose, what, which, how, why, when, where3. 冠詞：熟記a/an, the 的基本用法和固定搭配4. 介詞：熟記常見介詞的基本用法和固定搭配。如：with, as, by, from, for, a

16、t ,in, without, between, like etc.5. 倒裝，省略，強調三、例題精析教學建議說明：此處內容主要用于教師課堂的精講，每個題目結合試題本身、答案和解析部分。例題1【題干】Lessons 9_(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.【答案】learned【解析】通過分析句子，知道動詞learn在句子中 不做謂語 ，而做定語，它與其邏輯主語lessons是被動關系，因此應當用過去分詞形式。例題2【題干】But even more 10_(value) are the lessons

17、learned in extra-curricular activities in school: 【答案】valuable【解析】通過分析句子，知道這個句子是個倒裝句，其正常的句序是：But the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school are more_: ,因此，空格10題在句子中做“are”的表語，用形容詞。例題3【題干】 5_ that team and that school must do is admit that it 6_ (lose).【答案】What ；lost【解析】通過分析句子結構，知道空格

18、5題所在的是個主語從句，它應該是個做do的賓語；又通過分析句子結構，知道空格6題所在的句子是個賓語從句，動詞lose在句中做謂語。四 、課堂運用教學建議說明：在對課堂知識講解完，把握了重點突破了難點以及練習精講了之后，再用練習進行課堂鞏固或檢測，根據學生情況建議分3個難度層次：易，中，難?；A1. Ms Chen (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. 2. I was certain she would like it because I (t

19、ell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. 3. The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom, _ (change) to the library at the last minute. . 4. I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _ (break) his finger. 5. The child, Nicole Hobson, (take) by her mother to Child

20、ren's Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check 6. A transit spokesman said the driver should (make) radio call to the control center for help. 7. An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that (encourage) students to study abroad. 8. One

21、of them was a visitor, saying he wouldnt have been there if he _ (watch)the weather forecast the day before. 9. We must also consider the reaction of the person (receive) the gift. 10 With the problem (solve), I felt proud of my achievement.【答案】1. has taught / has been teaching /had taught /had been

22、 teaching 2. was told/ had been told 3. was changed 4. had broken 5. was being taken 6. have made 7. encourages 8. had watched 9. receiving 10. solved 鞏固1. Many things must be considered such as the person is interested in and how old he is. 2. My face turned red on hearing _ my mother said. 3. She

23、would point out they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed. 4The American Academy of Pediatrics (兒科) says children really need for health development is more good, old-fashioned playtime.5. I almost started to yell his name _ I suddenly remembered he was in bed aslee

24、p. 6. children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.7. Statistics show that China carried out the opening - up policy, a total of one million students have gone abroad for study. 8 we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning th

25、e language. 9. Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely _ the danger lies.【答案】 1. what 2. what 3. what 4. what 5. when 6. Unless 7. since 8. If 9. Where拔高（一）There was a woman who went to the airport 16 (hurry). She was so absorbed 17 her own thoughts that she was not aware they were goi

26、ng on a different route. Suddenly, a man went inside the cab and took her handbag 18 she placed her visa, passport, and all her money for the trip. She kept on thinking how unlucky she was to be in that situation. That very same night, she heard a piece of 19 (shock) news. Flight 230 crashed! It was

27、 the plane that she was supposed to board into. 20 she had not lost her precious belongings, she could have lost something far 21 important her life! Sometimes bad things really happen. We fail in our exams, or get rejected by others. There are times when nothing seems to go our way. So what do we d

28、o about it? We must take all these 22 (frustrate) out of our chest and start all over again with the consistent faith that we 23 (get) what are deserved(應得的).If you failed in the exams, maybe youd be more successful and much happier in 24 field. If you were rejected by your friend, there are plenty

29、of others out there who are much more deserving of (值得的)your love and affection. Dont waste your time and energy 25 things that cant be changed. （二） Stephen Hawking, who is the most famous physicist, was born in Britain on January 8th, 1942. As a child, he was enthusiastic about 16 (design) complica

30、ted toys but 17 (fortune), in his twenties, he suffered 18 a disease that was impossible to be cured, 19 was a great challenge for him. However, not only was he positive about the misfortunes 20 eventually he defeated all the obstacles but also he was 21 (absorb) in his research in the universe. In

31、1988, his best-seller A Brief History of Time was published, 22 which he put forward the idea 23 time itself has a beginning, and that it will have 24 end. In conclusion, he has made outstanding 25 (contribute) to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity. 【答案】（一）16. hurriedly17. in18. where19. sh

32、ocking20. If21. more22. frustrations23. will get24. another25. on（二）16. designing17. unfortunately18. from19. which20. and21. absorbed22. in 23. that 24. An 25. contributions課堂小結教學建議說明：教師對本節(jié)課應掌握的知識作一個小結，將本堂課應掌握的內容做一個概要陳述。結合前兩次復習課中所講的語法填空做題方法，進一步完善語法填空技巧和常見考點，通過練習，學會分析句子，從而做出正確的判斷。課后作業(yè)教學建議說明：講解完本章的知識

33、點，布置課后作業(yè)，讓學生鞏固知識，建議也分三個層次，每個層次3-5題。基礎1 Follow the doctors advice, _ your cough will be worse.2 Walk straight along the main road, _ then you will reach the Grand Theater.3 You like sports, _ I would rather read.4 I was about to jump into the river _ the guide stopped me.5. This museum is not _ it wa

34、s ten years ago. 6. The reason for his success is _ he worked hard. 7.She dresses well，but the trouble is_ the clothes she is wearing dont go with each other very well. 8. Einstein's most famous theory is _ we call the Theory of Relativity.9 Can you think of another example _ this phrase can be

35、used?10 This is the store _ my father runs.鞏固1. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ (write) to me. 2. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He _ (work) in a radio factory at that time. 3. I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ (wear) your sweater inside out. 4. I know Mr. Brown; we _(introduce

36、) to each other at an international conference.5. They wont buy new clothes because they _ (save) money to buy a new house.6. _ (attract) by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm7. Helen had to shout _ (make) herself heard above the sound of the musi

37、c8. The old man，_(work) abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland 9. Sarah，hurry up！Im afraid you cant have time to get _(change) before the party10. According to a recent USsurvey，children spent up to 25 hours a week _(watch)TV拔高（一）When times become difficult, remember a moment i

38、n your life that was filled with joy and happiness. Remember 16 it made you feel, and you will have the strength you need to get through any trial. When life throws you one more obstacle 17 you think you can handle, remember something you achieved through 18 (persevere) and by struggling to the end.

39、 In doing so, you will find you have the ability 19 (overcome) each obstacle in our path.When you find yourself 20 (exhaust), remember to find a place to rest.Take 21 necessary time in your own life to dream your dreams and renew your energy, 22 you will be ready to face each new day.When you feel t

40、ension 23 (build), find something fun to do. Youll find that the stress you feel will fade away and your thoughts will become clearer.When you 24 (face) with so many negative and draining situations, and you view your life 25 a whole and remember the positive things, you will realize how small problems may seem.（二）In every school a “top” crowd sets the pace，while the others follow their lead. Lets say the top crowd decides that it is smart to wear bright red sweaters. Pretty soon e