人教版-高一英語定語從句全面講解與練習(xí)

1、定語從句定語：定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用的表示。 例如 a clever boy the boiling water fallen leaves The boy in the classroom needs a pen. The man standing there is my teacher.定語從句：一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)定語The boy who is reading needs the pen.單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時(shí)那么放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。. 概念：(1) 定語從句：在主從復(fù)

2、合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞后面。(2) 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語，或整個(gè)主句。(3) 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，并代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分。分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。(4) 定語從句根本構(gòu)成：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句A) 關(guān)系詞的作用：1) 引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；2) 必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語1.The student who answered the question was John. 2. I know the reason why he was so angry.3.

3、 The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. 4. Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.- 5 -B)簡(jiǎn)單句變定語從句例1：The girl is Mary. The girl is standing there.The girl (who is standing there ) is Mary.如何改寫定語從句?1、找準(zhǔn)主句和從句，并找出兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的共有成分，確定先行詞。2、將從句中的共有成分去掉。 3.找準(zhǔn)關(guān)系詞，用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)從句剩下的局部，并緊接在被修飾詞先行詞之后。例

4、2：A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.例3：The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.C)定語從句選擇關(guān)系詞三步曲：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能做主語、賓語或狀語；第三選擇適宜的關(guān)系詞。. 幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的根本用法：that: 可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。(指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或 whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語從句; 不可置于介詞后作賓語) 如：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is dif

5、ficult to read. (主語)2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything (that) you like. 賓語4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.which: 指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bou

6、ght by my father.主語2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.賓語3. He was proud, which his brother never was. 表語who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在從句中作主語，在口語或非正式用法中作賓語; 只可指人whom: 賓格，在從句中作賓語; 只可指人whose: 屬格，在從句中作定語，可指人也可指物。I like the students who/that work hard. 主語All who heard the story

7、were amazed. (代詞如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)He's a man from whom we should learn. 賓語= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.指人I'd like a room whose window faces south. 指物 whose +n. =the +n. + of which (物)= of which

8、(物)+ the +n.=I'd like a room of which the window faces south. whose + n. =the +n. + of whom(人)= of whom(人)+ the +n.=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.注意：定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)于先行詞保持一致This is one of the best books that have ever been written.He is one of the students who study hard at s

9、chool.當(dāng)one前面有the only等限定詞和修飾語時(shí), 定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要與one保持一致而取單數(shù)形式例如This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written.He is the only one of the students who studies hard at school. 幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比擬:宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情況.先行詞為不定代詞表示物,all, much, something, everything, anything ,nothing, none, the on

10、e等,先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等詞修飾時(shí)。先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。.先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時(shí)宜用that. 如：主句是There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that 作關(guān)系代詞. 如：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.被修飾成分為表語時(shí)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時(shí),該關(guān)系代詞宜用that .2. My home village is no longe

11、r the place ( that ) it used to be .定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情況:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí).1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.在非限制性定語從句中.1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming

12、very popular in our country. (which指代主句)(B) who & that: who 和 that 指代人時(shí)，有些情況宜用who, 而不宜用that先行詞為anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people時(shí). 如：.在There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who 指代人. 如：1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句:When 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。定語從句中when=in/on/at wh

13、ich, 其先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.作狀語I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou was launched, which has a great effect on my life. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. 作賓語Next winter which/that y

14、ou'll spend in Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting.Where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。定語從句中where=in/on/at which,其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. 作狀語This is the place where I was born.This is the park which/that they visited last year

15、. 作賓語I live in the room which was bought by my father. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.Why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason 時(shí)，可用for which指代；如：Thats the reason wh

16、y/for which he was late. The reason why / for which he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. 作賓語Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? 作主語            &

17、#160;                領(lǐng)先行詞為way時(shí)，關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語時(shí)，定語從句常用that, in which引導(dǎo)，that?？梢允÷?。way后的定語從句 的引導(dǎo)詞不用時(shí)較多。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，那么用which或that 引導(dǎo)。如:This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.比擬: Please do the experiment

18、in the waythat/whichI have shown you.V.介詞+關(guān)系代詞考點(diǎn) 1.根本考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 簡(jiǎn)單介詞+關(guān)系代詞  引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，that和who不能用于介詞之后，能用于介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞只有which和whom?？疾椤敖樵~ + 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，關(guān)系代詞前該選什么樣的介詞，要根據(jù)不同的語境、詞組搭配、習(xí)語、慣用法等來決定,歸納起來介詞的選擇主要依據(jù)如下幾點(diǎn)：介詞與定語從句的先行詞搭配。如：The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look(on the farm)介詞與

19、從句中動(dòng)詞搭配。如：Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands？(shake hands with sb.)In the dark street there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb. for help)介詞與定語從句中的形容詞搭配,如：The west lake, for which Hang Zhou is famous, is a beautiful place. be famous for根據(jù)句子的意思來決定, 此時(shí)

20、不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。Water is very important for us without which we cant live. (2004遼寧) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad2006遼寧I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most of whom were from Germany

21、.The old man has two daughtersBoth of them are doctors那位老人有兩個(gè)女兒，她們都是醫(yī)生。as 常用在as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected等結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：一般譯為"正如""就像"，"這一點(diǎn)"As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作賓語)=As is

22、known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . as 作主語=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .=Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know .as 作賓語 Jack has won the first prize, as often happens. 像往常一樣，Jack得了一等獎(jiǎng)。訓(xùn)練題匯總EX1用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空. 1.  I will never fo

23、rget the day _ I first went to school.    I will never forget the day    _ we spent in Beijing.2. The house _ we visited is being repaired now.  The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.Ex2選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空，注意非限制性定語從句和單句的比擬。1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interest

24、ing book.2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.EX3 思考:用五種方式定語從句翻譯句子   這是他工作的工廠。1. This is the factory_ he works.   2. This is the factory _he works.3. This is the factory_ he works in.    4. This is the factory  _he works in.5. This is the factory_he works in.EX4 思考: 介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 1The man whom you spoke_ wa