英語關(guān)于《中國飲食》

1、Traditional Chinese Culture齊齊哈爾醫(yī)學(xué)院外語部齊齊哈爾醫(yī)學(xué)院外語部Food and Drink the Dragon Boat Festival 端午節(jié)端午節(jié) Mid-autumn Festival 中秋節(jié)中秋節(jié) poultry家禽家禽 相關(guān)詞匯相關(guān)詞匯 1. 中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食是節(jié)日必不可中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食是節(jié)日必不可少的伴侶。例如，我國的端午節(jié)是紀(jì)少的伴侶。例如，我國的端午節(jié)是紀(jì)念古代詩人屈原的日子。那一天，人念古代詩人屈原的日子。那一天，人們通常要賽龍舟、吃粽子。中秋節(jié)是們通常要賽龍舟、吃粽子。中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征著觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮

2、象征著圓滿，象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。因此，中秋圓滿，象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。因此，中秋節(jié)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅。春節(jié)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅。春節(jié)是中國節(jié)是中國 的農(nóng)歷新年，除了常見的家的農(nóng)歷新年，除了常見的家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗烹制傳統(tǒng)食物，如餃子和年糕。方習(xí)俗烹制傳統(tǒng)食物，如餃子和年糕。 Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in

3、memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion, the special food of theday is yue bing, a round

4、 cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Years holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “new year cake”. oolong tea 烏龍茶烏龍茶 scented tea 花茶花茶

5、 poultry家禽家禽 a tyrannical leader 暴君 相關(guān)詞匯相關(guān)詞匯 2. 2. 在中國，飲茶已經(jīng)形成一種文化，在中國，飲茶已經(jīng)形成一種文化， 稱茶文化。喝茶不僅是人們生活中的稱茶文化。喝茶不僅是人們生活中的一種習(xí)慣，也是待客的一種習(xí)俗。供一種習(xí)慣，也是待客的一種習(xí)俗。供人們?nèi)粘ｏ嫴枞藗內(nèi)粘ｏ嫴鑭 |、品茶的茶館遍布中國、品茶的茶館遍布中國城鎮(zhèn)，茶館里還可進(jìn)行社交和文化娛城鎮(zhèn)，茶館里還可進(jìn)行社交和文化娛樂活動。樂活動。 茶是一種植物，它的芽葉經(jīng)過加茶是一種植物，它的芽葉經(jīng)過加工就成了可沖泡的茶葉。早在工就成了可沖泡的茶葉。早在15001500多多年前，中國茶葉就開始運(yùn)往亞洲

6、一些年前，中國茶葉就開始運(yùn)往亞洲一些地區(qū)，地區(qū)，400400多年前歐洲也開始有了來自多年前歐洲也開始有了來自中國的茶葉。中國的茶葉。 常見的茶葉品種有綠茶、紅茶、烏常見的茶葉品種有綠茶、紅茶、烏龍茶、花茶等。在中國茶文化中，沏龍茶、花茶等。在中國茶文化中，沏茶、敬茶、飲茶都有一定的程式和要茶、敬茶、飲茶都有一定的程式和要求，形成了一定的技法和藝術(shù)氛圍，求，形成了一定的技法和藝術(shù)氛圍，這就是茶藝。沏茶時，對茶具、茶葉、這就是茶藝。沏茶時，對茶具、茶葉、水質(zhì)也有不同的要求。水質(zhì)也有不同的要求。 In China, tea-drinking is part of the Chinese cultur

7、e: Tea Culture. To drink tea is not only a way of life, it is also a custom. Teahouses where tea-drinkers could also socialize and entertain themselves are all over the country. Tea is a kind of plant. After processing, tea leaves with hot water become drinkable. Tea was exported to parts of Asia as

8、 early as 1500 years ago, and it arrived in Europe about 400 years ago. Common tea can be classified into such varieties as green tea, black tea, oolong tea and scented tea, etc. In the Chinese tea culture, there are certain rituals and rules to follow, either at the stage of preparing, drinking or

9、treating a guest. Theres also a set of criteria for the quality of water, tea, and tea-making utensils. brewing 釀造釀造 archeological excavations 考古發(fā)現(xiàn)考古發(fā)現(xiàn) liquor 白酒白酒 saccharification 糖化作用 fermentation 發(fā)酵發(fā)酵 distillation 蒸餾蒸餾相關(guān)詞匯相關(guān)詞匯 3. 3. 中國酒中國酒 早在早在30003000多年前，多年前， 中國中國的釀酒技術(shù)就很成熟了。在挖掘出的的釀酒技術(shù)就很成熟了。在挖掘出的

10、古代文物中，古代文物中， 有不少是飲酒器皿。自有不少是飲酒器皿。自古以來，民間婚慶佳節(jié)的餐桌上都離古以來，民間婚慶佳節(jié)的餐桌上都離不開酒。根據(jù)釀造工藝和原料不同，不開酒。根據(jù)釀造工藝和原料不同，中國酒分為黃酒、白酒、葡萄酒和啤中國酒分為黃酒、白酒、葡萄酒和啤酒。酒。 黃酒黃酒 中國特有的用谷物釀造的酒，中國特有的用谷物釀造的酒， 是營養(yǎng)價值很高的低度酒。主要長于是營養(yǎng)價值很高的低度酒。主要長于長江下游一帶，以浙江紹興黃酒最為長江下游一帶，以浙江紹興黃酒最為有名，品牌有狀元紅、花雕等。有名，品牌有狀元紅、花雕等。 白酒白酒 白酒用谷物或薯類經(jīng)過糖化、白酒用谷物或薯類經(jīng)過糖化、發(fā)酵蒸餾而成，是中國

11、傳統(tǒng)蒸餾酒，發(fā)酵蒸餾而成，是中國傳統(tǒng)蒸餾酒，又稱燒酒或白干。雖然中國各地都能又稱燒酒或白干。雖然中國各地都能生產(chǎn)白酒，但以貴州、四川和山西等生產(chǎn)白酒，但以貴州、四川和山西等地的產(chǎn)品最為著名。地的產(chǎn)品最為著名。 As early as over 3000 years ago, Chinas brewing technology was already quite advanced. We can see that the majority of the countrys archeological excavations are of drinking utensils. Since ancie

12、nt times drinking has been an indispensable part of holidays and celebrations in China. Based on the variety of brewing technology and materials used, the Chinese liquor are classified as: yellow wine, white liquor (distilled spirit), grape wine, and beer. Yellow wine is made from grain, which is lo

13、w in alcohol high in nutrition. The better know brands include Zhuang yuan hong, Hua diao, all made in Shao xing, Zhe jiang province. White Liquor In making white liquor (distilled spirit), either grain or potatoes are used. They are made with the whole process of saccharification, fermentation and

14、distillation. As a traditional way of wine making, white liquor is made all over the country, with that from Guizhou, Sichuan and Shanxi leading the way. spirits 烈酒烈酒 genres 類型類型 etiquette 禮節(jié)禮節(jié) 相關(guān)詞匯相關(guān)詞匯4 中國是酒的王國。酒,形態(tài)萬千，色澤紛呈，品種之多，產(chǎn)量之豐，皆堪稱世界之冠。中國是酒人的樂土，地不分南北，人不分男女老少，飲酒之風(fēng)，歷經(jīng)數(shù)千年不衰。每逢佳節(jié)，或封功慶典，或宴請賓客，或祭奠逝者

15、，或餞別親朋，或迎親嫁娶，上至王公貴族，下至庶民百姓，幾乎生活的每一個方面，都以酒助其興。古往今來，許多文人墨客更喜歡借酒當(dāng) 歌、酒后賦詩。曹操酒后賦詩。曹操短歌行短歌行中說中說“何以解憂，唯有杜康何以解憂，唯有杜康， 即指杜康即指杜康酒。杜牧用酒。杜牧用”借問酒家何處有？借問酒家何處有？ 牧童牧童遙指杏花村遙指杏花村“來指明杏花村汾酒，等來指明杏花村汾酒，等等。等。 因此，時時處處在中國人的生活因此，時時處處在中國人的生活中都可以尋找到酒文化的蹤跡。中都可以尋找到酒文化的蹤跡。 酒，酒，作為一個文化符號，一種文化消費(fèi)，作為一個文化符號，一種文化消費(fèi)， 用來表示一種禮儀，一種氣氛，一種用來表示

16、一種禮儀，一種氣氛，一種情趣、一種心境。隨著歷史的演進(jìn)，情趣、一種心境。隨著歷史的演進(jìn)， 形成了中國對特的就文化現(xiàn)象。形成了中國對特的就文化現(xiàn)象。 China is a country known for its production of spirits of various genres, colors and flavors. Reputed for their love of spirits, Chinese people, regardless of birthplace, age, and nationally, are proud of the countrys 1000-yea

17、r spirit-drinking tradition. Drinking spirits was so popular among both the nobles and common citizens that they became drunk during banquets, memorial ceremonies, wedding ceremonies, farewell banquets and festivals. Since ancient times, poets in China have tended to compose poems while drinking. In

18、 his poem Duan Ge Xing, Cao Cao, a military strategist, statesman and writer during the Three Kindoms hailed Dukang spirits as capable of alleviating ones depression. Du FU, another prominent people during Tang dynasty, also sang high praises of Xinghua Cun Spirits in his poetry. On many occasions,

19、spirits serve as a cultural symptom and cultural consumption. It also represents etiquette atmosphere and mood. Unique Chinese spirits culture gradually took shape as history developed. offering 祭品祭品 usurp 篡奪；篡奪； 侵占，霸占侵占，霸占 sesame 芝麻芝麻相關(guān)詞匯相關(guān)詞匯 5 月餅不僅象征著家人、朋友的團(tuán)聚，月餅不僅象征著家人、朋友的團(tuán)聚，也是獻(xiàn)給土地神的一種祭品。民間認(rèn)也是獻(xiàn)給土地

20、神的一種祭品。民間認(rèn)為，吃月餅的習(xí)俗始于元朝末期。據(jù)為，吃月餅的習(xí)俗始于元朝末期。據(jù)說當(dāng)時的漢人對蒙古人的統(tǒng)治恨之入說當(dāng)時的漢人對蒙古人的統(tǒng)治恨之入骨，于是由朱元璋統(tǒng)帥的革命軍企圖骨，于是由朱元璋統(tǒng)帥的革命軍企圖篡權(quán)。朱元璋需要找到一種秘密的將篡權(quán)。朱元璋需要找到一種秘密的將所有革命軍在同一天糾集起來的方法。所有革命軍在同一天糾集起來的方法。他的貼身智囊劉伯溫最終想出了一個他的貼身智囊劉伯溫最終想出了一個絕妙的點(diǎn)子。一條絕妙的點(diǎn)子。一條“瘟疫即將來襲，瘟疫即將來襲，只有吃革命軍分發(fā)的特殊月餅才能夠只有吃革命軍分發(fā)的特殊月餅才能夠抵御抵御”的謠言散播開來。而這種月餅的謠言散播開來。而這種月餅只分

21、發(fā)給了漢人，他們在切只分發(fā)給了漢人，他們在切 開月餅的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條開月餅的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條“于八月初于八月初十五起義十五起義”的信息。后來，人們在八的信息。后來，人們在八月十五那天集合起來推翻了元朝統(tǒng)治。月十五那天集合起來推翻了元朝統(tǒng)治。從那以后，月餅成為中秋節(jié)不可或缺從那以后，月餅成為中秋節(jié)不可或缺的元素。的元素。 月餅有四種類型：京式、蘇式、廣式、月餅有四種類型：京式、蘇式、廣式、臺式。京式月餅起源于北京，與芝麻臺式。京式月餅起源于北京，與芝麻餅類似，皮脆而味美。蘇式月餅味甜、餅類似，皮脆而味美。蘇式月餅味甜、皮薄而多層。廣式月餅以餡料精致而皮薄而多層。廣式月餅以餡料精致而著名。臺式月餅也

22、叫著名。臺式月餅也叫“月光餅月光餅”，用，用甜土豆做為餡料，味甜酥軟而不油膩。甜土豆做為餡料，味甜酥軟而不油膩。 Mooncakes symbolize the gathering of friends and family and are an indispensable part of the offerings made to the Earth God, Tu Ti Kung. According to popular belief, the custom of eating mooncakes began in the late Yuan dynasty. As the story

23、goes, the Han people of that time resented the Mongol rule of the Yuan Dynasty and revolutionaries, led by Chu Yuan-chang, plotted to usurp the throne. Chu needed to find a way of uniting the people to revolt on the same day without letting the Mongol rulers learn of the plan. Chus close advisor, Li

24、u Po-wen, finally came up with a brilliant idea. A rumor was spread that a plague was ravaging the land and that only by eating a special mooncake distributed by the revolutionaries could the disaster be prevented. The mooncakes were then distributed only to the Han people, who found, upon cutting t

25、he cakes open, the message Revolt on the fifteenth of the eighth month. Thus informed, the people rose together on the designated day to overthrow the Yuan, and since that time mooncakes have become an integral part of the Mid-Autumn Festival. There are four types of mooncakes : ping, su, kuang, and

26、 tai. Ping style mooncakes originated in Peking and resemble sesame outer crust. The su style of mooncakes are sweet with a thin, delicate layered crust. The kuang style are famous for their meticulously prepared fillings. The tai style is also known as Moonlight Cakes. These cakes use sweet potatoe

27、s for filling and are sweet, tender, and tasty without being oily. prickly ash 花椒花椒 cuisines 烹飪，菜肴烹飪，菜肴spicy 辛辣的辛辣的pungent辛辣的辛辣的prolific 眾多的，富饒的眾多的，富饒的chili 紅辣椒紅辣椒Cantonese 廣東人廣東人相關(guān)詞匯相關(guān)詞匯 prickly ash 花椒花椒 cuisines 烹飪，菜肴烹飪，菜肴spicy 辛辣的辛辣的pungent辛辣的辛辣的prolific 眾多的，富饒的眾多的，富饒的chili 紅辣椒紅辣椒Cantonese 廣東人廣東人

28、相關(guān)詞匯相關(guān)詞匯 crisp 脆脆 raptor 猛禽猛禽 stir-frying 炒炒 sauteing 煸煸 braising燉，燜燉，燜 stewing煨煨;燉燉;煲煲 相關(guān)詞匯相關(guān)詞匯 6 中國地域遼闊，民族眾多，因此各中國地域遼闊，民族眾多，因此各種中國飲食口味不同，卻都味美，令種中國飲食口味不同，卻都味美，令人垂涎。因?yàn)橹袊胤讲穗雀骶咛厣?，人垂涎。因?yàn)橹袊胤讲穗雀骶咛厣?，總體來講，中國飲食可以大致分為八總體來講，中國飲食可以大致分為八大地方菜系，這種分類已被廣為接受。大地方菜系，這種分類已被廣為接受。當(dāng)然，還有其他很多著名的地方菜系，當(dāng)然，還有其他很多著名的地方菜系，例如川菜和

29、廣東菜。四川菜系，是世例如川菜和廣東菜。四川菜系，是世界上最著名的中國菜系之一。界上最著名的中國菜系之一。 四川菜系以其香辣而聞名，味道多四川菜系以其香辣而聞名，味道多變，著重使用紅辣椒，搭配使用青椒變，著重使用紅辣椒，搭配使用青椒和花椒，產(chǎn)生出經(jīng)典的刺激的味道。和花椒，產(chǎn)生出經(jīng)典的刺激的味道。此外，大蒜，姜和豆豉也被應(yīng)用于烹此外，大蒜，姜和豆豉也被應(yīng)用于烹飪過程中。野菜和野禽常被選用為原飪過程中。野菜和野禽常被選用為原料，油炸，無油炸，腌制和文火燉煮料，油炸，無油炸，腌制和文火燉煮是基本的烹飪技術(shù)。沒有品嘗過四川是基本的烹飪技術(shù)。沒有品嘗過四川菜的人不算來過中國。菜的人不算來過中國。 廣東菜

30、源自于中國最南部的省份廣廣東菜源自于中國最南部的省份廣東省。大多數(shù)華僑來自廣東，因此廣東省。大多數(shù)華僑來自廣東，因此廣東菜也許是國外最廣泛的中國地方菜東菜也許是國外最廣泛的中國地方菜系。系。 廣東人熱衷于嘗試用各種不同的肉廣東人熱衷于嘗試用各種不同的肉類和蔬菜。事實(shí)上，中國北方人常說，類和蔬菜。事實(shí)上，中國北方人常說，廣東人吃天上飛的，除了飛機(jī)；地上廣東人吃天上飛的，除了飛機(jī)；地上爬的，除了火車；水里游的，除了船爬的，除了火車；水里游的，除了船兒。這一陳述很不屬實(shí)，但是廣東菜兒。這一陳述很不屬實(shí)，但是廣東菜是各類豐富的中國菜系之一。使用很是各類豐富的中國菜系之一。使用很多來自世界其他地方的蔬菜

31、，不大使多來自世界其他地方的蔬菜，不大使用辣椒，而是帶出蔬菜和肉類自身的用辣椒，而是帶出蔬菜和肉類自身的風(fēng)味。風(fēng)味。 廣東菜系，味道清，淡，脆，鮮，廣東菜系，味道清，淡，脆，鮮，為西方人所熟知，常用猛禽走獸來為西方人所熟知，常用猛禽走獸來烹飪出有創(chuàng)意的菜肴。它的基礎(chǔ)烹烹飪出有創(chuàng)意的菜肴。它的基礎(chǔ)烹飪方法包括烤，炒，煸，深炸，烤，飪方法包括烤，炒，煸，深炸，烤，燉和蒸。其中蒸和炒最常用于保存燉和蒸。其中蒸和炒最常用于保存天然風(fēng)味。廣東廚師也注重于菜肴天然風(fēng)味。廣東廚師也注重于菜肴的藝術(shù)感。的藝術(shù)感。 China covers a large territory and has many nati

32、onalities, hence a variety of Chinese food with different but fantastic and mouthwatering flavor. Since Chinas local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around. Certainly, there are

33、 many other local cuisines that are famous, such as Chuan Cuisine and Guangdong Cuisine. Sichuan Cuisine is one of the most famous Chinese cuisines in the world. Characterized by its spicy and pungent flavor, Sichuan cuisine, prolific of tastes, emphasizes on the use of chili. Pepper and prickly ash

34、 also never fail to accompany, producing typical exciting tastes. Besides, garlic, ginger and fermented soybean are also used in the cooking process. Wild vegetables and animals are usually chosen as ingredients, while frying, frying without oil, pickling and braising are applied as basic cooking techniques. It cannot be said that one who does not experience Sichuan food ever reaches China. Guangdong Cuisine is Cantonese food originates from Guangdong, the southernmost province in China. The majority of overs