關(guān)系副詞因此在學習定語從句時,務必搞清定語從句的概

1、 網(wǎng)址：考向預測定語從句是高中英語三大類從句中最難的一類，其難點主要在于很多學生在學習時分不清先行詞，不能正確使用關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞。因此在學習定語從句時，務必搞清定語從句的概念、關(guān)系詞的正確選擇和使用情況等。2018年高考定語從句的考查還將是對關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的考查。對定語從句的考查仍將不會單純考查其語法結(jié)構(gòu)，而是將其融入一定的語境中來考查考生的實際綜合運用能力?？键c定位 定語從句是高考的熱點，對于定語從句考綱要求掌握以下內(nèi)容：1.引導限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞；2.引導非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞；3.限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；4.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法；5.不定代詞/數(shù)詞+of which

2、/whom引導的非限制性定語從句及其該結(jié)構(gòu)與并列句的判斷；6.關(guān)系詞之間的異同現(xiàn)象及選用。考點1：關(guān)系代詞一覽表關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時，?？梢允÷裕樵~提前時后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定語I like

3、those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. that人，物主語賓語A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主語賓語The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，

4、物主語賓語He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時間時間狀語I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地點地點狀語This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因狀語I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for

5、 which【典例】 In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞the World Food Programme在非限制性定語從句中作定語，修飾名詞purposes，所以用關(guān)系代詞whose引導，故選C項。句意：1963年，聯(lián)合國成立了世界糧食計劃署，其目的之一就是緩解世界范圍內(nèi)的饑荒。【典例】China Today attract

6、s a worldwide readership,_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which【答案】D【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)來看出現(xiàn)了逗號，說明這是一個非限制性定語從句。首先that不能引導非限制性定語從句，who在引導非限制性定語從句的時候通常在從句中做主語和賓語，指人，而whom也指人，卻只能做賓語。Which引導非限制性定語從句通常在從句中做主語或者賓語。關(guān)系詞代指前面的中國日報，在定語從句中做主

7、語。該句意思為：中國日報有著全球的讀者群，這說明全球越來越多的人想要了解中國。故選D考點2：that與which，who，whom的用法區(qū)別that和which的用法區(qū)別:在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞which和 that都可指物，一般情況下，可以互換使用。但在下列情況下值得注意：A. 只能用that而不能用which的情形（1） 當先行詞為：all, little, few, much, none,及some-, any-, no-, every-,與thing所組成的復合單詞時，只能用that。如：There is nothing that will stop us making progres

8、s. 沒有事情會阻止我們進步。（2）當先行詞前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容詞修飾時，只能用that。如：This is the only problem that we cant work out. 這是我們不能解決的唯一的一個問題。 (3) 當先行詞由形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時，只能用that。如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 這是我讀過的最有趣的書。(4) 當先行詞同時包括人和物時，只能用that。如：Luxun

9、 and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人們認為我們所熟識的魯迅及其作品都很偉大。(5) 當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時，只能用that。如：This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 這就是那本自上周以來我一直在尋找的書。 （6）當主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時，只能用that。如：Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天畫的那張畫是哪一張？B只能用which而不能用t

10、hat的情形（1）當非限制性定語從句中的先行詞指物時，只能用which。如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那個鉛筆盒，我上周買的，現(xiàn)在不見了。（2）關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時，只能用which。如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我們過去常在下面休息的那棵樹已砍掉了。 (3) 先行詞為代詞that或that所修飾時，只能用which。如：I dont take that which is too expensive. 我不要太貴

11、的那一個。who (whom) 和that的用法區(qū)別詳解:在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞who (whom) 和that都可指人和物，在一般情況下，可以互換使用，但在下列情況下值得注意：一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形(1) 在非限制性定語從句中的先行詞指人時，只能用who (whom)。如：My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐，她在國外學習，就在圣誕節(jié)前給我寄來了漂亮的禮物。(2) 當定語從句對指人的先行詞進行隔位修飾時，只能用who

12、 (whom)。如：Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你認識黑板前面正在給學生們講話的那位女孩子嗎？(3) 當先行詞為people和those時，只能用who (whom)。如：Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那兒的人請來這邊。(4) 當先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 時，只能用who (whom)。如：Anyone who is again

13、st us is our enemy. 任何反對我們的人就是我們的敵人。(5) 先行詞指人，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，一般多用who。如：The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天來這兒的那個人說過幾天他會再來。（6）在there be 句型中名詞的定語從句多用于who(whom)。如：There are students in our class who/whom you have met.我們班有些學生你沒見過。（7）當句子中兩個指人的先行詞分別帶有兩個定語從句時，若一個定語從句的引

14、導詞為that，那么，另一個定語從句的引導詞必定為who。如：The boy that you met just now is Li Mings brother who just graduated from a university.剛才你看到的那個男孩是李明的剛從大學畢業(yè)的弟弟。二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形(1) 當先行詞前面有形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時，引導詞只能用that。如：The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在為我們隊踢足球的最高哪個運動員來自山東。(2)

15、當先行詞前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容詞學修飾時，引導詞只能用that。如：He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一個對老師說“不”的學生(3) 當主句是以who開頭的特殊疑問句時，引導詞只能用that。如：Who is woman that you talked with just now? 剛才跟你談話的那位婦女是誰？(4) the same as與the same thatthe same as所引導定語從句的內(nèi)容與先

16、行詞同類而不同物；the same that表示所引導的從句內(nèi)容與先行詞同類同物，即：同一事物。如：She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿著我?guī)滋烨八鶃G失的上衣。(暗含：她偷了我的上衣) She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿著跟我?guī)滋烨八鶃G失的上衣同樣的上衣。(暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丟失的那一件)考點3 關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句1、關(guān)系副詞一覽表關(guān)系副詞when時間時間狀語I will never forget the day wh

17、en we met there.可用on whichwhere地點地點狀語This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因狀語I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which【典例】Mozarts birthplace and the house he composed The Marc Flute are both museums now.A. where B. when C. there D. which【答案】A【解析】where引導了定語從句，并且在

18、定語從句中做地點狀語，先行詞為the house。【特別提示】在英語中有幾個詞雖然不指具體的地點，但它們作先行詞時常用where引導定語從句（介詞+which）。常見的有：situation/case/point/circumstances/stage等。I have come to the point where I cant stand him. 我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的程度。Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane他發(fā)現(xiàn)他陷入了危險的境地，他有可能

19、會失去對飛機的控制?！镜淅縄ts helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where【答案】D 【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞是a situation,指物，表示地點，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where,選D?？键c4 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”以及關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句1概述“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句多用于正式文體，使用的關(guān)系代詞一般是which，whom，它既可以引導限制性定語從句，又可以引導非限制性定語從句。常見的

20、有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)介詞+關(guān)系代詞Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice曼德拉是我尋求幫助的一位黑人律師。(2)名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels=Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，

21、of which three were English novels上個星期天，我從書店買回幾本書，其中三本是英文小說。He wrote a book，the name of which Ive completely forgotten他寫了一本書，書名我完全給忘記了。The old man has two daughtersboth of whom are doctors那位老人有兩個女兒，她們都是醫(yī)生。(3)形容詞最高級+介詞+關(guān)系代詞China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan中國有成千上萬的島嶼，其中最大的是

22、臺灣。(4)介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞I called him by the wrong namefor which mistake I apologized我叫錯了他的名字，為此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)2關(guān)系代詞的選擇用于”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞指人時只能用whom，指物時只能用which，即介詞+which/whom?！镜淅縔ou can only be sure of you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.A. that; what B. wha

23、t;/ C. which;/ D. /; that【答案】B【解析】 很明顯，第一空前沒有名詞或代詞。這是介詞后的賓語從句，賓語從句中缺少have的賓語，指物，用what。第二個空前有不定代詞，我們把它代入從句中，可以作get的賓語，說明是賓語從句，用關(guān)系代詞that,它在定語從句中作賓語可以省略，所以答案是B。（60分鐘）限時訓練經(jīng)典常規(guī)題一、語法填空1.【2017全國卷】Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70._ is not good for the health.2.【2017全國卷】But Sarah, 6

24、4._ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65._ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.3.【2017浙江卷6月考】Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63._ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64._ it remained until the carrots leafy top

25、accidentally sprouted (生長) through it.4.【2016全國新課標I】But my connection with pandas goes back _64_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter_66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 二、短文改錯5.【2017全國卷】In their spare

26、time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.6.【2017全國卷】Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:7.【2016四川】The dishes what I cooked were Moms favoritiest高頻易錯題 一、語法填空（重慶市重點中學九校聯(lián)盟2018屆高三上學期第一次聯(lián)考）A hum

27、anoid robot（類人機器人）named Sophia has made history by becoming he first robot in the world _41_ (award) citizenship. Saudi Arabia（沙特阿拉伯）on Wednesday offered citizenship to the robot, designed by David Hanson. Journalist Andrew Ross made the _42_ (announce) at the end of an interview with Sophia.Sophia

28、_43_ (response), without missing a beat: “I want to thank very much the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.”“I am very _44_ (pride) and honored for this unique distinction. This is historical to be the first robot in the world to be recognized with a citizenship,” the robot said.The particulars of the citizens

29、hip were not discussed, and its not clear _45_ Sophia will have the same rights as a human Saudi Arabian citizen._46_ (discuss) the future of AI (artificial intelligence), Ross expressed concerns previously raised by Elon Musk _47_ AI could be dangerous if it were to go evil and turn on humanity. _4

30、8_ Sophia insisted it wanted to use AI only to “help humans live a better life”.Sophia tried to remove Ross （那個采訪的記者）fears of a “bad future,” insisting that AI is “designed around human _49_ (value) like wisdom, kindness, compassion”. It accused him _50_ “reading too much Elon Musk,” and said, “dont

31、 worry, if youre nice to me, Ill be nice to you. Treat me as a smart input-output system”.二、短文改錯（河南省百校聯(lián)盟2017屆高三3月聯(lián)考）Last month, I gave some of my clothes to a girl who needed it because her parents didnt have money to buy her newly clothes. In school, this girl was the victim of bullying because of

32、the clothes that she wears. So I went home and was told mom that Id like collect something for her. Knew what she suffered in the school broke my heart. Sometimes young people are so mean to others which dont have the money to buy some expensive thing. This has to change because it is not clothes or

33、 shoes that makes a person. It is what we have in our heart but our soul that matters.精準預測題一、語法填空（河南省中原名校2018屆高三第二次質(zhì)量檢測）When you are thirsty, you can drink some green tea. It tastes good and its very healthy. The Chinese_41_ (know)about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use_42_

34、to treat everything from headaches to depression. They have _43_(actual)been using green tea as a medicine for over 4,000 years.Nowadays, there is scientific evidence of the health benefits of green tea. According to one study_44_(publish)in a cancer research journal, drinking green tea _45_(reduce)

35、the risk of some types of cancer in Chinese men and women _46_nearly sixty percent. USA researchers have also found that green tea may prevent the_47_(grow)of cancer cells. There is also new evidence _48_green tea can help to destroy bacteria in our bodies. It is especially effective at getting rid

36、of the bacteria on your _49_(tooth)and keep them healthy!According to the Chinese proverb, “It is_50_ (good)to go without food for three days, than without tea for one.” So, in brief, you should definitely try a cup of green tea. It seems that it can only do you good.二、短文改錯(四川省南充市2018屆高三第一次適應性考試)The

37、 environment pollution was more and more serious today. We have no dean Water to drink it because of water pollution. And when trees cut down, some animals disappear. There is more and more dirty smoke in the air. Peopled health has been great affected by air, noise and water pollution. Many people

38、have died of diseases causing by pollution. In order to live the better life, its time for us to protect our world. We should recycle, reduce and reuse things, what saves money and reduces pollution. Use things so long as possible. Dont use plastic bag. Besides, we must plant more trees and stop peo

39、ple cutting it down. We hope our world will be more and more beautiful.參考答案經(jīng)典常規(guī)題一、 語法填空1.【答案】which【解題思路】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知which is not good for the health為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前文中的to have too much of both，即“攝入過多的脂肪和鹽”。故填which。2.【答案】64. who 65. to prove【解題思路】64考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空后面是一個定語從句，缺少連接詞，代指先行詞Sarah, 在從

40、句中作主語，故填who。3.【答案】63. swept 64. where【解題思路】63 考查過去分詞。此處是get done結(jié)構(gòu)，表示被動，意為“被掃進了垃圾堆”。4.【答案】64. to 65. when 66. permitted【解題思路】 64考查介詞。固定短語：go back to “回到”。65.考查定語從句。后面是非限制性定語從句，從句缺少狀語，因為先行詞是時間，故填when。66考查過去分詞。被修飾的名詞和permit之間是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。二、 短文改錯5.【答案】interesting改為interested；. that改為which【解題思路】考查形容詞用法。張

41、家夫婦對種菜感興趣；考查定語從句。該處前有逗號，后句為非限制性定語從句，故用which。6.【答案】picture前加this/the；they that/which【解題思路】考查限定詞。根據(jù)語境可知這張照片是上文提到的照片，是特指，故需要用限定詞this/the修飾；考查定語從句。分析句子可知，前面的倒裝句“Around me in the picture are the things”是一個單句，而后面的“they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.”也是一

42、個單句，在這種情況下，要么在兩個單句之間用并列連詞連接，要么把后面這個單句變?yōu)閺木?。從句意上看，這里變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句更為合理，故把they改為that/which。7.【答案】what-that/which(或去掉what)；favoritest-favorite【解題思路】此處考查引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。句意：我做的菜是媽媽最喜歡的。The dishes 做先行詞，指物，定語從句缺少引導詞，從句缺少賓語，可知引導詞在定語從句中作賓語，故把what-that/which(或去掉what)；“favorite”本身就是“最喜歡”，故把favoritest-favorite。高頻易錯題一、 語法填空【

43、答案】41. to be awarded 42. announcement 43. responded 44. proud 45. if/whether 46. Discussing 47. that 48. But 49. values 50. of【解題思路】文章報道了一個類人機器人Sophia被授予沙特阿拉伯公民，成為第一個被授予公民權(quán)利的機器人。41. to be awarded 考查不定式的被動。句中the first robot和動詞award是被動關(guān)系，指機器人被授予公民身份。此處是make sb. do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，主動形式中省去to被動語態(tài)中要補出to，故填不定式的被動形式

44、to be awarded.42. announcement考查名詞。此處由the限定做made的賓語用名詞，指作出宣布，故填announcement.43. responded考查動詞。與全文時態(tài)一致，敘述發(fā)生過的事用一般過去時，故填responded.44. proud.考查形容詞。此處由very修飾做系動詞am的表語用形容詞，故填proud.45. if/whether.考查連詞。此處指是否Sophia和沙特阿拉伯公民有同等的權(quán)利還沒明確，表示是否，故填if/whether.46. Discussing.考查動詞形式。句中主語Ross和動詞discuss是主動關(guān)系，此處作狀語用動詞-in

45、g形式，故填Discussing.47. that.考查連詞。句中包含concerns的同位語從句，由that引導，故填that.48. But.考查連詞。句意：Ross表達了對人工智能如果變邪惡，會對人類構(gòu)成危險的擔心，但是Sophia說它只是想幫助人類過更好的生活。前后句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填But.49. values.考查名詞。此處由human修飾指“人類的價值觀念”，根據(jù)like wisdom, kindness, compassion用復數(shù)，故填values.50. of.考查介詞。accuse sb. of sth.表示“指責/控告某人做某事”，是固定搭配。故填of.二、 短文改錯【答

46、案】Last month, I gave some of my clothes to a girl who needed it because her parents didnt have money themto buy her newly clothes. In school, this girl was the victim of bullying because of the clothes that she wears. So I newworewent home and was told mom that Id like collect something for her. Kne

47、w what she suffered in the school broke my toKnowingheart. Sometimes young people are so mean to others which dont have the money to buy some expensive thing. This who/thatthingshas to change because it is not clothes or shoes that makes a person. It is what we have in our heart but our soul that ma

48、keandmatters.【解題思路】1.考查代詞。句意：上個月，我把我的一些衣服給了一位需要衣服的女孩子。這里需要用them指代上文的復數(shù)名詞clothes，故it-them。2.句意：因為她的父母沒有錢給她買新衣服。這里用形容詞new做名詞clothes的定語，故newly-new。3.句意：在學校，這個女孩是被欺負的對象因為她穿的衣服。根據(jù)上下文時態(tài)以及時態(tài)一致，可知wears-wore。4.句意：因此，我想回家告訴媽媽我想給她拿些衣服。根據(jù)句意可知，主語I和動詞tell是主動關(guān)系，故刪去was。5.考查固定用法would like to想要，故在like和collect之間加上to。6

49、.考查動名詞作主語。句意：知道她在學校的遭遇讓我很心痛。這里動名詞短語作主語，故Knew-knowing。7.考察定語從句關(guān)系代詞。句意：有時，年輕人對那些買不起昂貴東西的人非常刻薄。此句中的定語從句，先行詞others，需要用關(guān)系代詞who/that指代先行詞，并在定語從句中作主語，故which-who/that。8.考查名詞的數(shù)。這里”昂貴的東西”，用復數(shù)名詞things。thing-things.9.考查主謂一致。句意：并不是我們的衣服或者鞋子讓我們有尊嚴。強調(diào)句型中主語not clothes or shoes，根據(jù)主謂一致原則，故動詞用make。故makes- make。10.考查連詞

50、。句意：我們內(nèi)心和心靈擁有的才是要緊的。根據(jù)句意可知our heart和our soul是并列關(guān)系，用and。故but-and。精準預測題一、 語法填空【答案】41. have known 42. it 43. actually 44. published 45. reduces 46. by 47. growth 48. that 49. teeth 50. better【解題思路】本文向讀者介紹了綠茶。從遠古時代起，人們就開始了解綠茶的好處，并用它來治療從頭痛到抑郁的各種問題。今天，根據(jù)科學研究發(fā)現(xiàn)綠茶有益于健康，綠茶可以減少某些癌癥發(fā)生的機率，抑制細菌的生長等。41. 考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)“The Chinese_1_ (know) about the benefits of green tea since ancient times”中的“since”可知，應該用完成時。故填“have known”。42. 考查代詞。“they use _2_ to treat everything from headaches to depression” “it”代指前面的“gre