【沖刺高考】高中英語寫作常見的文體及注意事項

1、高中英語寫作常見的文體及注意事項書面表達旨在測試學(xué)生的英語書面 表達能力。高考的書 面表達是一種指導(dǎo)性寫作。試題對寫作的目的，對象，體裁 及字數(shù)等都有明確的規(guī)定。提供給學(xué)生的材料形式為文字， 圖畫或圖表。試題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)所給的情景和要表達的意 義，寫由一篇 100字左右的文章。高考中常見的文體為記 敘文、說明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文等。（一）記敘文：記敘文是以敘述人物的經(jīng)歷或事物的發(fā)展變化過程為 主的一種文體。它分為記人和記事兩種。記敘文的幾個要點 為：1 .時間、地點、人物、事件，這幾個要素在寫作時要交 代清楚。2 .人稱：記敘文一般可以有第一人稱和 第三人稱 兩種敘 事方式：第一人稱是作者以當(dāng)事

2、人的口吻，把文章中的事情 以“我”的所見所聞的方式來敘述，第三人稱是寫作者從旁觀者的角度來敘述，反映事件中的不同人的感受和見解。3 .記敘文的線索一般為時間， 即按照事件的發(fā)展順序來 寫。以可以按照地點的線索來寫，即以地點的轉(zhuǎn)移為順序。4 .重點突生，層次分明，詳略得當(dāng)。i5 .注意文章的完整性。6 .所用的時態(tài)通常為一般過去時。例：遼寧卷下面四幅圖片描述的是星期天上午在中山公園 里發(fā)生的一件事。請根據(jù)圖片所提供的信息用英語為你校的“英語 園地”寫一篇文章。注意：1.短文必須包括所有圖片的主要內(nèi)容，短文的內(nèi)容要連貫，完整。7 .短文單詞數(shù) 100左右。8 .參考詞匯：貨攤 stand 搶奪 s

3、natch 逮捕 arrest寫作步驟：1 .審題：理解圖意，將幾幅圖連成一個完整的故事。2 .列由要點：地點：公園的冰激凌貨攤旁。人物：一名年輕婦女，一個小偷和一個老人。事件：年輕婦女的包被搶，人們追趕，老人用傘將其絆 倒，警察逮捕搶劫者，婦女和人們感謝老人。3 .將要點擴展成文，注意上下文的連接，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞， 副詞。4 .通讀一遍，改錯。Possible VersionOne Sunday morning, there were some people inZhongshan Park. At a stand, a woman was buying an ice cream when a

4、 young man behind her snatched her handbag away. She shouted, “Stop the thief! He' s snatched my bag! ” Hearing this, a few people began to run after him. There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby. As the snatcher was running past him, the old man quickly picked up his umbrella and

5、put it between the snatcher ' s legs. The young man fell down on the ground hard. Soon two policemen came in a police car and arrested him. The woman thanked the old man, and the people around praised the old man for his cleverness.（二）議論文：在近幾年的高考中，議論文的比重占得越來越多，議論 文的由題形式可以多種多樣，有看圖寫作、圖表、表格、書 信等各種類

6、型，但文體實際上是議論文，而有時是夾敘的議 論文。議論文的寫作要點是：1 .觀點鮮明，文章一定有一個明確的中心論點。2 .層次分明，一個中心論點通常有幾個分論點支持.不同層次之間要分明，過渡清晰自然。3 .最后一段一般要總結(jié)全文，得由一個符合邏輯的結(jié)論，突生中心思想。4 . 一般采用一般現(xiàn)在時。5 .語言簡潔有力，一般不采用口語。例：全國高考英語(福建卷)目前，學(xué)校存在少數(shù)學(xué)生考試作弊現(xiàn)象。某英文雜志社 擬對此現(xiàn)象向中學(xué)生征文，標(biāo)題是“My opinion on Cheating in Examinations ”，請根據(jù)下列提示用英語寫一 篇征文稿。內(nèi)容要點如下：主要原因：考試偏多，偏難；不

7、用功，懶惰；取悅老師， 父母個人看法：作弊不對，影響校規(guī)；要誠實，努力學(xué)習(xí)； 其他看法汪息：1 .短文必須包括所有內(nèi)容要點，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；2 .短文標(biāo)題與開頭已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)；3 .詞數(shù)：100左右；4 .參考詞匯：作弊 cheat (v.)寫作思路：1 .首先審題，確定要點一一本文的中心論題是：Mypinions on Cheating in Examinations , 所以首先要提由 中心論題，點題。2 .接下來從兩方面來討論這個問題，可以分做兩段，現(xiàn)分析這種現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生原因，然后很自然地過渡到自己的看法。在講述自己看法時要有鮮明的觀點及支持觀點的論據(jù)。3 .最后對自己的觀點做簡短的

8、總結(jié)，點題。Possible VersionMy opinions on Cheating in ExaminationsIt is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy

9、and don ' t work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.In myopinions, it iswrongtocheat inexaminations because it breaks the rules of schools. We studentsshould behonestand trytoget goodresults

10、 by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What ' s more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.In a word, it is wrong to cheat in examinations.（三）說明文：說明文是以簡明的文字介紹事物的形狀、性質(zhì)、構(gòu)造、變化、功用、特征等的文章。寫好說明文的關(guān)鍵是抓住事物 的特征，說明事物的順序要有一定的邏輯性。說明文常見的順序有時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序 等

11、。例：江蘇假設(shè)你是李曉華，住在江城。你的加拿大筆友 Bob來信 談到了你所居住的城市，并希望了解你家鄉(xiāng)江城的情況。請 你用英語寫一封回信?；匦疟仨毎ㄏ卤碇械膬?nèi)容：自然情況：位于長江邊，風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，適合居??；成就：經(jīng)濟發(fā)展迅速；新建了不少工廠、住房、道路等；存在問題：水，空氣污染；交通擁擠；對江城發(fā)展的看法：自己擬定；汪息：1 .回信中不能使用“江城 ”以外的地名。2 .詞數(shù)：100左右。信的開頭與結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計入詞數(shù)。3 .參考詞匯：經(jīng)濟 economy n.Dear Bob,It' s very kind of you to write me and let me know a

12、bout our beautiful city. Now I' d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.Yours,Xiaohua寫作思路：1 .首先確定這是一篇描述地方的說明文。2 .確定寫作要點：根據(jù)所給信息，大體可以分為三個部 城市簡介，可以按照地理位置、自然環(huán)境、城市面貌 和變化發(fā)展這樣的 邏輯順序?qū)懀酉聛韺懩憧吹降膯栴}，最 后寫你的一些看法和建議。3 .各層次之間注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，讓過渡自然，結(jié)構(gòu)合理。 比如： however, in my opinion 等。Possible VersionDe

13、ar Bob,It' s very kind of you to write me and let me know about our beautiful city. Now I' d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.The city stands on the bank of the Changjiang river.It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in t

14、he past ten years. New factories, houses, and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically.

15、I would also think that the growth of itspopulation should be brought under control so that we ' ll have a better hometown in future.Yours,Xiaohua（四）應(yīng)用文：包括書信、通知、便條等。（1）書信寫作：在我們的日常生活中，我們經(jīng)常給朋 友、父母、親戚等寫信，這些信件都屬于私人信件。私人書 信是寫給親朋好友的，不僅是互通信息的工具，也是交流感 情的渠道。書信寫作是高考中經(jīng)常由現(xiàn)的一種題型。寫作時 應(yīng)注意以下要點：1 .寫好開頭，提一提來信里談到的

16、各項事情，順筆寫來。2 . 一般先答復(fù)對方的問題，然后再談自己想要說的話。3 .結(jié)束信時要向?qū)Ψ奖硎居焉苹蛴H切的問候。4 .語言要自然、平實、簡潔。Useful Expressions :1. I' m very pleased to hear from you yesterday.2. I' m sorry I ' ve taken so long to answer your last letter.3. We were all so pleased to hear you will be coming to visit us.4. Look forward to

17、hearing from you soon.5. Please write back soon.6. Do write to us when you have time.7. We hope to hear from you soon.8. Give my best wishes to the family.例：北京卷美國中學(xué)生Jeff將要來你所在的 紅星中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中文，經(jīng) 協(xié)商安排住在你家。假設(shè)你是李華，請給Jeff寫一封信，按照下圖順序介紹他來中國后的生活安排。注意：1.信的開頭已為你寫好。2.字數(shù)不少于60oDear Jeff,I'm Li Hua from Beijing Hon

18、gxing School. I ' m very happy to learn that you ' re going to stay with my family while you ' re in Beijing.寫作要點：1 .審清圖意 信的內(nèi)容包括以下幾點：住宿、上學(xué)、就 餐和課后活動。2 .信可以分為三段來寫，力求結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，思路完整。3 .注意語言親切自然，避免使用過于書面的語言，比如過多的從句或過于華麗的詞匯。Possible Version ：Dear Jeff,I' m Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing School .

19、I very happy to learn that you ' re going to stay with my family while you ' re in Beijing.While you are here, we ' ll provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV. You ' ll also have your own bathroom. Our school is quite close to our home, so

20、we could go to school together by bike. At noon we ' ll eat at the school dining hall. I ' m sure you ' ll like the delicious Chinese food there, and enjoy talking with friends over lunch.Classes in our school usually finish at 4:00 in the afternoon. You can then join other students in p

21、laying games or swimming. It will be a lot of fun.If you have any questions or requests, please let me know. We ' ll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.Best wishes,Li Hua(2)通知的寫作通知是一種安排活動或布置工作時使用的文體，包括了 口頭通知和書面通知。口頭通知是當(dāng)面向有關(guān)人員口授有關(guān) 活動的信息，而書面通知是以布告的形式把事情通知給有關(guān)人員。通知的

22、要素是時間，地點，對象，事件具體內(nèi)容，注 意事項等。通知的語言應(yīng)該是簡潔明了，直截了當(dāng)。還應(yīng)該 注意要有一定的邏輯順序。汪息：1） 口頭通知一般都會將下列詞句放在開頭Ladies and gentlemenBoys and girlsMay I have your attention , please?I have something important to tell you.結(jié)尾時會以以下句子結(jié)束：That' s all. Thank you.2）書面通知在正文之前的正中位置寫Notice字樣，結(jié)尾要寫明時間及發(fā)生通知的單位。例：廣播通知：你校學(xué)生會將為來訪的美國朋友舉辦一個晚會，要在學(xué) 校廣