如何區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句

1、高中英語疑難點匯總（Difficult points of high school English ）之如何區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句Teaching contents: Difficult points of high school EnglishTeaching goals: Explain difficult points and let students understand and use them .Teaching important points : Enable students to identify the difficult points, and enab

2、le students to solve problems in a short time. Teaching difficult points : Enable students to master the difficulties, in the exam can apply to obtain high scores.Teaching methods : First students practice, after teacher explains, the students do exercise to consolidate difficult pointsTeaching proc

3、edures and ways : (omitted)The first period先請看下列幾道高考試題: ( First look at the following tests of Entrance Examination )1. The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. （2002年春季高考上海） A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever 2. He's got himself into a dangerous situatio

4、n _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. （2001年上海） A. where B. which C. while D. why 3. She found her calculator _ she lost it. （2000年上海） A. where B. when C. in which D. that 4. You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. （NMET99） A. when B. where C. then D. there 5.

5、 After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. （NMET97） A. that B. where C. which D. when 6. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the sm all town _ he grew up as a child. （NMET96） A. which B. where C. that D. when 7. When you read the book, you'

6、;d better make a mark _ you have any questions. （MET86） A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where 8. I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. （MET86） A. what B. which C. that D. where 不難看出, 上述試題都考查where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句。在第2, 6, 8題中, where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句, 答案分別

7、是A, B和D。在第1, 3, 4, 5, 7題中, where引導(dǎo)的是地點狀語從句, 答案分別是C, A, B, B和D。The second period 【唐建華講解】如何區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句呢? 可從以下幾個方面加以區(qū)別。 一、 where引導(dǎo)定語從句時, where是關(guān)系副詞, 在從句中作地點狀語, 其前面有表示地點的先行詞, where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾先行詞。EG：The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here. 我買這本書的那個書店離這里不遠。 This is the house where I

8、 lived two years ago. 這就是我兩年前住的那個房子。 We will start at the point where we left off. 我們將從上次停下來的地方開始。 二、 where引導(dǎo)狀語從句時, where是從屬連詞, where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞, where前面沒有表示地點的先行詞。EG：Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet. 武漢位于長江和漢江匯合處。 Make a mark where you have any doubts or questio

9、ns. 在有疑問的地方做一個記號。 I found my books where I had left them. 我在我原來放書的地方找到了我的書。 有時, where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句兼有抽象條件含義, 可放在主句的前面, 而where引導(dǎo)的定語從句則不能。例如: Where there is a will, there is a way. 諺語有志者事竟成。 Where there is water, there is life. 有水的地方就有生命。 三、在有些情況下, where引導(dǎo)的定語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句。E。G：A tall building was put

10、 up at the place where there used to be a desert. （A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert. ）在以前曾是沙漠的地方蓋起了一幢高樓。 Bam boo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. （Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often. ）溫暖而多雨的地方最適合于竹子生長。The third period

11、定語從句的另外相關(guān)重要知識I. 主語和謂語一致1、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中主語，其謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致。例如：The boy who is standing at the door is my son.2、在one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，復(fù)數(shù)名詞是先行詞，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語，其謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.3、在“the only one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，one 是先行詞，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語

12、，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.II. 正確使用that 和which1、that 指物，有時也可以指人,which 指物，不能指人。Which 可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，也可以放在介詞后面，that 則不能。例如：Who is the man that is reading the newspaper?(正) Who is the man which is reading the newspaper?（誤）The room in whic

13、h she lives is a large one.（正） The room in that she lives is a large one.（誤）2、先行詞前面有形容詞最高級，序數(shù)詞next, last, very, any, little, no 等修飾時，用that 不用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如：This is the best film that I have seen.（正） This is the best film which I have seen.（誤）3、先行詞是all, much, little, none等時，用that而不用which引Thats all th

14、at I want to say.（正） Thats all which want to say.（誤）4、先行詞是不定代詞something, anything, anything, everything時，一般用that而不用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如：Is there anything that you want in this shop?（正） Is there anything which you want in this shop?（誤）注：當(dāng)something表示具體的事物，重要的東西，重要的人物等確定意義時，它是名詞，關(guān)系代詞用that 或which均可。例如：There w

15、as the mysterious something which/that they had worked so hard to find: radium.5、先行詞是人和物時，要用that 而不用which/who引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如：He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. （正）He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all.（誤）6、先行詞本身是that 時，一般用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如：Th

16、e predicate is that which is said of the subject.導(dǎo)定語從句。例如7、在who開頭的疑問句中，若還要用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時，用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如：Who is the girl that is singing in the hall?8、當(dāng)關(guān)系詞后面有插入語時用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如：Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English. III. 定語從句要用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)。 例如：I ha

17、ve three friends, none of whom can speak French.（正）I have three friends, none of them can speak French.（誤）注：若把逗號“，”改為分號“；”誤句也就變?yōu)檎_的句子了。IV. as 做關(guān)系代詞的用法1 關(guān)系代詞常出現(xiàn)在the sameas, suchas, soas, asas 等結(jié)構(gòu)中This is not such a book as I expected.I live in the same building as he (lives in).Here is so big a stone

18、 as no man can lift.As many children as came ：here were my fathers pupils. the samethat和the sameas的區(qū)別I have bought the same watch as you have.我買了一塊和你一樣的手表。（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一塊。）This is the same watch that I lost.這就是我丟的那塊手表。（這手表和我丟的手表是同一塊）2 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代逗號前的整個句子（即先行詞），可置于句首或句末。This elephant is like

19、a snake, as anybody can see.Mary was late for school, as often happened.As is known to all, the earth is round. as 指代一句話和which 指代一句話的用法區(qū)別as 的這種用法通常出現(xiàn)在一些固定短語之中如：1as has been said before 如上所述2as may be imagined 正如可以想象出來的那樣3as is well known 眾所周知4as was expected 正如預(yù)料的那樣5as has been already pointed out正如

20、已經(jīng)指出的那樣6as we all can see 正如我們都會看到的那樣which則不需要，例如：The man died last night, which is a lie.as 替代一句話即可放句首也可放句末，而which只能放句末。V. 用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞先行詞是表時時間、地點、原因的名詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句是用關(guān)系副詞還是用關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)鍵在于關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧Ｈ绻洚?dāng)狀語，就用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定與從句；如果充當(dāng)主語或賓語，則用關(guān)系代詞。例如：This is the school where Mr Cheng works.This is the school that Mr Che

21、ng set up ten years ago.I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.I will never forget the day that I spent with Mr Isaak.That was the reason that he gave me yesterday.That was the reason why he gave me a note yesterday.注：1 關(guān)系副詞一般可以改為“介詞+which”。例如：The reason why/for which I didnt come this

22、morning is that it rained hard.October, 1st 1949 was the day when/on which the Peoples Republic of China was founded.This was the city where /in which he was taken away by the enemy.注：2 why 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。注：3 關(guān)系代詞that 有一種特殊的用法。That 在限制性定語從句中可以作狀語，表示時間、地點、原因和方式,代替when , where, why,或“介詞+which”。例如：We wil

23、l never forget the year that(= when)SARS broke out in China.That is the place that(=where)the health workers fought against SARS.This was the reason that(=why)there were over 2000 SARS cases in Beijing.That was the way that (=in which) we fought against SARS.注：4 from where中的where 為關(guān)系代詞。例如：He stood n

24、ear the north window, from where he could see the whole garden.He climbed up to the top of the temple, from where he could see nothing but trees.VI. 易與定語從句混淆的其他復(fù)合句1 定語從句與同位語從句定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系“。的（名詞）”。而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表事實或概念的抽象名詞，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定語從句中作成分

25、，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用。試比較： We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位語從句，that從句表示news的內(nèi)容，that 在從句中不作任何成分) We dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday.(定語從句，that 作told 的賓語)2 定語從句與狀語從句。試比較： He left the key where he had been an hour before.(where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，

26、相當(dāng)于in the place where) He left the place where he lived for many years.(where 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾the place) He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect.(as 引導(dǎo)定語從句) He is such a good teacher that we all like him.(that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,suchthat “如此以致”3 定語從句與主語從句。試比較： As is known to us all, paper was first ma

27、de in China.(as 引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代整個主句內(nèi)容，可置于句首) It is known to us all that paper was first made in China.(it 做形式主語，代替that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句)4定語從句與強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較： It is the house where I met the young man.(where 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾house，where在定語從句中作地點狀語) It was in the house that I met the young man.(本句為強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，可還原為I met the young man in

28、the house.)The fourth period下面咱們一起來分析幾道定語從句的難題。例1 It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer.A. that who B. that they C . they that D theywhich分析：答案是C。本題考查了定語從句和強調(diào)句式。強調(diào)句式的結(jié)構(gòu)是“It is + 強調(diào)部分 + that/who.”。they looked for前省略了關(guān)系代詞that,因為先行詞the young man 在從句中做looked for的賓語。強調(diào)句為It is the young m

29、an who/that caught the murderer.本句意思是“是那個他們尋找的年輕人抓住了殺人犯”。例2 Is this factory _ we visited last year?A. where B in which C the one D at which分析：做這題首先要明白一個概念。被定語從句修飾的名詞前一般都有the，因為它已被限定。所以此題還原成陳述句應(yīng)該是this factory is_ we visited last year. 而不是this is factory _ we visited last year.知道這一點后做題容易了，不能選A, B, D。因

30、為句子沒有先行詞。所以答案是C。從句前省略了關(guān)系代詞that/which。題目如改為Is this the factory _we visited last year? 空格處應(yīng)該用which 或 that。例3 The book, the cover _ is broken, is not mine.A. of it B for C whose D of which分析：答案是D。先行詞the book 代入從句應(yīng)該是 the cover of the book is broken.相當(dāng)于whose cover。例4 This is Mr Smith, _ I think has somet

31、hing interesting to tell you.A . who B whom C. that D. x分析：此題同學(xué)們?nèi)菀族e選B，認為先行詞Mr. Smith做think 的賓語。I think , you think, do you think 等表明某人觀點的短語是插入語。插入語的特點是去掉不影響句子表達。所以做題時遇到插入語，先去掉，This is Mr.Smith, _ has something interesting to tell you。很容易得到答案A. 例5 Who _ has seen the TV film doesnt admire it?A . that

32、B who C which D as分析：先行詞是who，到是指人，可為了避免重復(fù)，不用who，而用能指代人的that。答案是A。例6 You can never imagine what great trouble I have had _ the patient whoReceived a serious wound.A. treat B. to treat C treating D treated分析：迷惑的答案是D，同學(xué)們?nèi)菀赘鶕?jù)had確定用過去分詞。而做好這題，關(guān)鍵是知道句型have trouble(difficult) doing sth 做某事有困難。定語從句部分是I have

33、had (great trouble)treating the patient.而patient 后又有一個定語從句。答案是C。例7 This is the last time _ I shall give you a lesson.A. when B that C which D in which分析：答案是B。這里的time不指時間，而是次數(shù)。所以用that引導(dǎo)。例8I dont like the way _ you laugh at her.A . that B on which C which D as分析：此題先行詞是the way，用。方式的短語是in this way。所以定語從

34、句應(yīng)該是in which you laugh at her。但習(xí)慣上也可說that you laugh at her?；蛘呤裁匆膊挥脃ou laugh at her。答案是 A。The fifth period學(xué)生再次練習(xí)：（定語從句典型陷阱題typical trap tests of attributive clause）1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains. A. which wasB. it wasC. which wereD. them were【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 whi

35、ch 和 it 誤認為是其后句子的主語?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢甘荂，around which were high mountains 是一個由“介詞+which”引出的非限制性定語從句，而在該從句中，主語是 high mountains，around which 是表語，所以句子謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was。請做以下類例題目（答案均為C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _ some fruit shops.A. which isB. it isC. which areD. them are(2) The murde

36、r happened in an old building, beside _ the city police station.A. which areB. it isC. which isD. them are(3) Next month well move to a new building, next to _ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.A. which areB. it isC. which isD. them are2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and ask

37、ed, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what【陷阱】容易誤選 B，認為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镃。以上語法分析并不算錯，但問題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒有這樣一個醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語境顯然有點不合情理，因為人們通常是在醫(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的

38、around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為“在附近”；其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語從句用以修飾其前的地點名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認為此處應(yīng)填一個形式主語?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢甘?B。as 引導(dǎo)的是一個非限制性定語從句。比較下面一題：_ is known to everybody that the moon travels round

39、 the earth once every month.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What此題答案選 A，it 為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的 that 從句。再比較下面一組題，其中第(1)題選 B，第(2)題選 D：(1) _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It(2) _ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school

40、is increasing. A. WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It4. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.A. thatB. whoC. asD. whom【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項中的 that，便認為這是考查such that 句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镃，不是A，因為在such that (如此以至)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，若在上句填入 such that ，句末的動詞 like 缺賓語。

41、選C的理由如下：as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時 as 在定語從句中用作動詞 like 的賓語，句意為“所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩”。有的同學(xué)可能還會問，假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能，因為當(dāng)先行詞受到 such 的修飾時，其后的定語從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來引導(dǎo)，而不用that。比較下面一題，答案為A，因為 like 后有自己的賓語 him：David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him.A. thatB. whoC. asD. whom請再做以下試題（答案選D）

42、：It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A. likeB. thatC. whichD. as5. The buses, most of _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. thatB. itC. themD. which【陷阱】容易誤選 C，用 them 代指 the buses。【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 為非限制性定語從句，修飾 the buses。類似地，以下各題也選D：(1) His

43、 house, for _ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A. thatB. itC. themD. which(2) Ashdown forest, through _ well be driving, isnt a forest any longer.A. thatB. itC. themD. which(3) This I did at nine oclock, after _ I sat reading the paper.A. thatB. itC. themD. which類似地，以下各題選 whom，不選 them：(4) Geo

44、rge, with _ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A. thatB. himC. themD. whom(5) Her sons, both of _ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A. thatB. whoC. themD. whom(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _ were still university students. A. thatB. whoC. themD. whom6. He had

45、thousands of students, many of _ gained great success in their own field.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who【陷阱】容易誤選 B，用 them 代指 students?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢甘茿，many of whom gained great success in their own field 為非限制性定語從句。假若在many of 的前面加上連詞and，則選答案B。比較以下各題(答案均選A)：(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of _ was easy t

46、o answer.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of _ was easy to answer.A. themB. whichC. whatD. that(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _ knew anything about the other.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and ne

47、ither of _ knew anything about the other.A. themB. whomC. whichD. who7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認為這是非限制性定語從句。【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞 invited 并不是一個完整的謂語，而是一個過去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在 invited 前加上助動詞 were，則是一個非限制性定語從句，答

48、案便應(yīng)選A。比較：(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that答案選B，none of them carried out in their work 是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的 carried out 為過去分詞。(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work.A. whic

49、hB. themC. whatD. that答案選A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語從句，注意與上例比較句中多了一個助動詞were。(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that答案選B，由于兩句之間增加了一個并列連詞but，使得該句成了一個并列句。8. On Sundays there were a lot of ch

50、ildren playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that【陷阱】容易誤選B，認為這是非限制性定語從句。【分析】最佳答案是A。與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞 seated 不是謂語，而是一個過去分詞，因為 seat 作動詞用時，是及物動詞。比較以下相似題：(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playi

51、ng in the park, _ parents were seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that選B。whose parents were seated together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因為其后有完整的謂語 were seated。(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. tha

52、t選A。因為句中有并列連詞and，整個句子為并列句。(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that選A。their parents sitting together joking 為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking.

53、A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that選B。whose parents sat together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因為句中有完整的謂語 sat。(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were sitting together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that選B。whose parents were sitting together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因為句中有完整的謂語 were

54、sitting。9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _ just shows how shallow he is.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，誤這是非限制性定語從句?！痉治觥空_答案為D，注意逗號前是一個條件狀語從句，逗號后是該狀語從句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語。類似地，下面幾道題也選 that，而不選 which：(1) If you promise to go with us, _ will be OK.A. asB. whichC. and itD. that(2) If you want a double room, _ will cost another 15. A. asB. whichC. whatD. that(3) Whether you go or not, _ is quite all right with me. A. thatB. whichC. and itD. so(4) When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating. A. asB. whichC. wha