美國文學(xué)-Poe--TO-HELEN--最全點評-(考試專用)

1、精品文檔TO HELENEdgar Allan PoeHelen, thy beauty is to meLike those Nicean barks of yore,That gently, oer a perfumed sea,The weary, wayworn wanderer boreTo his own native shore.On desperate seas long wont to roam,Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face,Thy Naiad airs have brought me homeTo the glory that wa

2、s GreeceAnd the grandeur that was Rome.Lo! in yon brilliant window-nicheHow statue-like I see thee stand,The agate lamp within thy hand!Ah, Psyche, from the regions whichAre Holy Land!致海倫海倫，你的美在我的眼里，有如往日尼西亞的三桅船船行在飄香的海上，悠悠地把已倦于漂泊的困乏船員送回他故鄉(xiāng)的海岸。早已習(xí)慣于在怒海上飄蕩，你典雅的臉龐，你的髯發(fā)，你水神般的風(fēng)姿帶我返航，返回那往時的希臘和羅馬，返回那往時的壯麗和輝

3、煌?？茨模”邶愃频拿髁链皯衾?，我看見你站著，多像尊雕像，一盞瑪瑙的燈你拿在手上！塞姬女神哪，神圣的土地才是你家鄉(xiāng)！First Stanza: Helen: An allusion to Helen of Troy in Greek mythology. Helen, the wife of King Menelaus of Greece, was the most beautiful woman in the world. After a Trojan prince named Paris abducted her, the Greeks declared war on the Trojans

4、,. 。1歡迎下載精品文檔fightinga 10-year battle that ended in victoryand the restoration of Greek honor.Helen returned to Greece with Menelaus.Nicean: Of or from Nicea (also spelled Nicaea), a city in ancient Bithynia (now part of present-day Turkey) near the site of the Trojan War.barks: small sailing vessel

5、s.End rhyme: A, B, A, B, B.Second Stanza:wont: accustomed to (usually followed by an infinitive, such as to roam in the first line of this stanza).Naiad: Naiads were minor nature goddesses in Greek and Roman mythology. They inhabited and presided over rivers, lakes, streams, and fountains.Naiad airs

6、: Peaceful, gentle breezes or qualitiesthe glory that . . .Rome: These last two lines, beginning with the glory that was, are among the most frequently quoted lines in world literature. Writers and speakers quote these lines to evoke the splendor of classical antiquity. The alliterationof glory, Gre

7、ece, and grandeur helps to make the lines memorable.End rhyme: A, B, A, B, A.Half rhyme: Face and Greece are similar only in that they have one syllableand thesame ending -ce. The vowels a and ee do not rhyme. Thus, face and Greece make up what is called half rhyme, also known as near rhyme, oblique

8、 rhyme, and slant rhyme.agate: a variety of chalcedony (kal SED uh ne), a semiprecious translucent stone with colored stripes or bands. The marbles that children shoot with a flick of the thumb are usually made of agate (although some imitations are made of glass).agate lamp: burning lamp made of ag

9、ate.Psyche: In Greek and Roman mythology, Psyche was a beautiful princess dear to the god of love, Eros (Cupid), who would visit her in a darkened room in a palace. One night she used an agate lamp to discover his identity. Later, at the urging of Eros, Zeus gave her the gift of immortality. Eros th

10、en married her.End rhyme: A, B, B, A, B.from the regions which are Holy Land: from ancient Greece and Rome; from the memory Poe had of Mrs. StanardEdga匚Allan_Poes poem, To Helen”, was inspired by Sarah Helen Whitman, the beautiful young mother of one of Poes boyhood friends - the first purely ideal

11、love of my soul, according to the poet. Or was his poetic inspiration Jane Stith Stanard, as numerous Poe scholars argue? It makes little difference. Since the poem exists in two versions with minor changes, it was apparently first occasioned by his infatuation with Mrs. Stanard and then revised for

12、 Mrs. Whitman.The woman of the title is compared to Helen of Troy, possessor of the face that launched a thousand ships. That quotable quote appeared in Christopher Marlowes Dr. Faustus and refers to the kidnapping by Paris of the worlds most beautiful woman, who was the wife of King Menelaus of Spa

13、rta. That abduction was the cause of the Trojan war.No one is sure why Poe chose to refer to those ships as Nicean barks.Nicea (or Nicaea) is an ancient city of Asia Minor. Probably the poet liked the quality of remoteness associated with the place name and the vowel music it produces in combination

14、 with barks. Others feel he may have been echoing Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a favorite poet of the young Poe, who in Youth and Age wrote the line, Like those trim skiffs, unknown of yore.The alliterative weary, wayworn wanderer refers to Odysseus (Ulysses in Latin), who was delayed ten years on his r

15、eturn voyage from the Trojan War by the adventures and misadventures recorded in Homers Odyssey. Like the bark of Odysseus, Poes Helen and her beauty have transported the poet on the sea of life.Ever a romantic, Poe believed that classical images and allusions were the best ways to capture the glory

16、 and grandeur of the past. His subjects hair is hyacinth, or the reddish-orange of zircon. The term has often been poetically descriptive of hair since the mid-17th century. Her face is classic, and Naiad airs allude to the graceful nymphs of mythology, who inhabited streams and lakes.In the conclud

17、ing stanza, Helen becomesa statue, and we recall the serene facial expressions and flowing garments of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. The agate lamp in her hand connects to his mention of Psyche, 3歡迎下載精品文檔the female personification of the human soul in Greek mythology.Psyche was forbidden to loo

18、k at her beloved Cupid. One night she did so by the light of this kind of lamp and earned his prolonged anger.The Holy Land of the final stanza is the realm of ideal beauty removed both by time and space from the workaday world. In sum, his poem of adoration of a beautiful woman whom henet as an ear

19、ly teenager bespeaks a Platonic, transcendent form of sexuality. It seems consonant with his marriage to Virginia Clemm, a thirteen-year-old first cousin who died at 25 and who is immortalized in Annabel Lee.There comes Poe, with his raven, like Barnaby Rudge,/ Three fifths of him genius and two fif

20、ths sheer fudge quipped James Russell Lowell in the Poe and Longfellow section of his satirical poem, A Fable for Critics. TS Eliot comparedPoes mindwith that of a highly gifted young person before puberty.Edgar Allan Poes poetry, whatever its limitations, was a catalyst. The current of his imaginat

21、ion flowed on into Europe and helped nurture the French symbolist movement. St 單hane Mallarm e in Le Tombeau dEdgar Poe hailed him as the poet whose angel gave a purer meaning to the dialect of the tribe. Poe may have seemed to Eliot an intellectual adolescent, but we could retort that he was in fac

22、t the grandfather of one of Eliots most famous lines, To purify the dialect of the tribe.A child-like quality is certainly present in his verse. Its in the diction and the idealised childhood eroticism of Annabel Lee. The Gothic imagination generally seems formed out of nursery shadows and nightmare

23、s, infused with adolescent sexual guilt. Poes vision of love tainted and destroyed reaches an almost ecstaticpitchin The Raven and in Ulalume: A Ballad (a superbly made poem, better than The Raven, I think). Poe enjoyed writing burlesque, and these narratives enjoyably teeter on, and draw back from,

24、 its brink.In more lyrical, less Gothic mode, Poe might be a decadent reincarnation of William Blake. His simple rhythms and rhymes are asserted with an emotional directness that renders the simplicity trustworthy. Poes idealism is purely aesthetic, however.His angels are jealous or demonic; he sing

25、s his liebestod in a fallen world.In an essay, The Poetic Principle, Poe explains his aesthetic, and weaves into it an instructive anthology of poems he admires. Classics were an important influence, as the skill of his versification testifies. In this weeks poem, To Helen, classicism and aesthetici

26、sm seamlessly fuse.Its an atypical poem, perhaps, with its air of calm concentration, its almostimagistic focus. Poe, like Yeats later on in Sailing to Byzantium tries to transfix a notional Golden Age in verse that itself is timeless and hard. Whoever his personal Helen may have been, she is more t

27、han an earthly beloved; partly the Helen ofclassical legend, she is also, the last stanza suggests, a Beatrice-likefigure ofmoral - or, at least, untainted-illumination.A littlepatience is required of todays readers, not only with those Nic dn barksof yore. There is a perfumed sea to compound the de

28、corative fantasy. But why not? This sea is perfumed because its an ideal sea, sniffed on board the ideal boat of imagination. The adjective prefigures the flower which, in the next stanza, will give us both the seas colour and a lovely image of scented, curling hair: the hyacinth.In the second stanz

29、a, a slightly dislocated, Latinate grammar floats the poem towards symbolism. The speaker is the literal subject of long wont to roam. But, metaphorically, the hair, face and Naiad airs have shared the voyage. The roam/Rome rhyme that book-ends this verse is a subtle touch -a miniature history in a

30、pair of homophones.The variation in each stanzas closing lines deserves comment. The trimeter line that follows the tetrameter in The weary, way-worn traveller bore/ To his own native shore, has the cadence of homecoming. To the glory that was Greece./ And the grandeur that was Rome are regular troc

31、haic four-beat lines, planted so firmly as to transform the banal thought -and the perhaps rather vague distinction between glory and grandeur.The last stanza is the amazing one. We dont expect to see Psyche at this point but there she is, in a silhouette as clear-cut as her agate lamp. If she is th

32、e self, or soul, perhaps the regions which/ Are Holy-Land denote the Unconscious. The poem ends on its only dimeter line, a curtailment suggesting perfect sufficiency. This is the limit past which poets- and readers - travel only in silence. Unusually,for Poe, To Helen leaves a lot unsaid. But, pers

33、onally, Id rather have this one exquisite lyric than any number of his narratives.5 歡迎下載。精品文檔Edgar Alan Poe : To Helen It is one of Poe s most famous lyrics, inspired by Mrs. Jane Stith Stanard , the mother of a schoolmate of Poe, in Richmond, Virginia. Poe described the poem as lines written in my

34、passionate boyhood, to the first, purely ideal love of my soul. ” The Helen of Greek myth was the beautiful daughter of Zeus. Her abduction by Paris was the cause of the Trojan Warand the source of the Iliad of Homer. Psyche was the daughter of an unknown king. Her beauty was so extraordinary that men would worship her instead of courting her. Aphrodite then, out of jealousy for her beauty, sent Eros to make Psyche fall in love w