英語被動語態(tài)強調句型要點總結

1、學習必備歡迎下載一、被動語態(tài)的構成形式1 .被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式，被動語態(tài)由be +過去分詞構成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：1) am/is/are +done ( 過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時例： Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) has /have been done現(xiàn)在完成時例： All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3) am/

2、is /are being done現(xiàn)在進行時例： A new cinema is being built here.4) was/were done一般過去時例：I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5) had been done過去完成時例： By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6) was/were being done 過去進行時例： A meeting was bein

3、g held when I was there.7) shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done 一般將來時例： Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8) should/would be done ; was/ were going to be done; was/ were about to be done; was/ were to be to done一股將來時例：The news would be sent

4、 to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9)shall/will have been done 將來完成時(少用)例：The project will have been completed before July.10) should/would have been done過去將來完成時(少用)例： He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2 .被動語態(tài)的特殊結構形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞+be +過去分詞。例：The b

5、aby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z白是間接賓語.例：His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3)當動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y 構中的主語，其余不動。例：Someone caught the boy smo

6、king a cigarette.可改為 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4)在使役動詞 have, make, get 以及感官動詞 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式 to要省略，但為為被動結構時，要加to o例： Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5)有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如動詞+介詞”，動詞

7、+副詞”等，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞 也不能省略。例：The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3 .非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài))。例：I don't like being laughed at in the public.二、It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示 據(jù)說“或 相信”的動詞如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“阱be

8、 +過去分詞+ that從句”或 主語+ be + 過去分詞 + to do sth.有： It is said that 據(jù)說，It is reported that 據(jù)報道，It is believed that 大家相信，It is hoped that 大家希望，It is well known that 眾所周知，It is thought that大家認為，It is suggestedthat 據(jù)建議。例：It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.(= The boy issaid to have passed th

9、e national exam.)三、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1 .英語中有很多動詞如 break , catch , clean , drive , lock , open , sell , read , write , wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其 主動形式 表達被動意義，主語通常是物。例：This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door won't lock . (指門本身有毛病)The door won't be lock

10、ed .(指不會有人來鎖門，指 門沒有鎖”是人的 原因)2 .表示 發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。例：How do the newspapers come out?這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？3 .系動詞沒有被動形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞 feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結構中常以主動形式表示被動意義。例： Your reas

11、on sounds reasonable.四、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。1 . 在need , want , require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。例：The house needs repairing(to be repaired ).這房子需要修理。2 .形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞 不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例：The picture-book is well worth reading. (= The pic

12、ture-book is veryworthy to be read .)3 .動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和 句中另一名詞或代詞構成主謂關系，不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例：I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do 與 things 是動賓關系，與I是主謂關系。）試比較：I ' ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?（此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。）4 .在某些 形容詞+不定

13、式”做表語或賓語補足語的結構中，句子的主語或 賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。 這些形容詞有 nice , easy , fit , hard , difficult , important , impossible , pleasant , interesting 等。例：This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 forme ）.5 .在too- to 結構中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應用主動形式表 示被動意義。例：This book is too expensive （f

14、or me） to buy.6 .在there be句型中，當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。例：There is no time to lose （to be lost ）.（用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose ；用 to be lost ,誰 lost time 不明確。）7 .在be to do結構中的一些不定式通常應用主動表主動，被動表被動。然 而，由于古英語的影響，下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例： Who is to blame for starting the

15、fire?五、介詞in, on, under等十名詞構成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當于該名詞相應動 詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。1. “under +名詞”結構，表示 某事在進行中常見的有：under control （受控制）,under treatment （在治療中）,under repair（在修理中）,underdiscussion（在討論中）,under construction（在施工中）。例：The building is under construction（ is being constructed）.2. “beyo

16、nd+名詞”結構，出乎勝過、范圍、限度常見的有： beyond belief （ 令人難以置信）， beyond one ' s reach鞭長莫及）,beyond one' s control （無法控制），beyond our hope . 我們的成功始料不及。例：The rumor is beyond belief（二can' t be believed ）.3. “above+名詞”結構，表示“品質、行為、能力等）超過、高 于例：His honest character is above all praise. =His honestcharacter cann

17、ot be praised enough .4. “for+名詞”結構，表示 適于、為著”。如：for sale（出售）,forrent （出租）等。例：That house is for sale. （= That house is to be sold）.5. . “in+名詞”結構，表示 在 過程中或范圍內”常見的有：in print （在 印刷中），in sight（在視野范圍內），等。例：The book is not yet in print . （=is not yet printed）6. , “on+名詞”結構，表示 在從事中”。常見的有：on sale（出售），onshow

18、 （展出），on trial （受審）。例：Today some treasures are on show in the museum （= are being showed）.7. “out of+名詞”結構；表示 超出之外：常見的有：out of control（控制不了），out of sight（超出視線之外），out of one ' s reach（不著），outof fashion（ 不流行）等。例：The plane was out of control （can' t be controlled）8. “within+名詞”結構，在內、不超過 ”。9. He

19、 took two days off within the teacher's permission.六、被動語態(tài)與系表結構的區(qū)別當“be+過去分詞”作被動語態(tài)時表示主語承受的動作；作系表結構時表示主 語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)時，be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當于形容詞。其區(qū)分 辦法如下：1 .如果強調動作或句中有介詞by引導出動作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動 語態(tài)，否則為系表結構。例：The glass is broken . （系表結構）The glass was broken by the boy . （被動語態(tài)）2 .如果句中有地點、頻率或時間狀語時，一般為被動語態(tài)。例：The door

20、 is locked .（系表結構）The door has already/just been locked .（被動語態(tài)）3 .被動語態(tài)除用于一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時態(tài)，而 系表結構中的系動詞be只有一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)。例： The machine is being repaired .七、被動語態(tài)與高考試題賞析1 .高考對謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查例析1） . In some parts of the world, tea with milk and sugar.（NMET1993）A. is serving B. is served C. Serves D. served解析

21、：B因為serve是及物動詞，其動作承受者tea作主語，表示經常發(fā)生 的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。2） . This is Ted ' s phone. We miss him a lot. He trying to save achild in the earthquake.（NMET2002）A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing解析：C Ted是kill的承受者，用被動語態(tài)，且 Ted救人發(fā)生在過去，所 以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。3） . - Have you moved into the new house?

22、Not yet, the rooms. （NMET1991）A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are paintedD. are being painting解析：A "house”和“paint應該是被動的關系，排除 B , D。后者未搬進新 居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。不能用一般現(xiàn)在時 表示習慣性動作，排除Co4） . When and where to go for the on-salary holidayyet.（上海春2003 ）A. are not decidedB. have not been de

23、cidedC. is not being decidedD. has not been decided解析：D decide 是及物動詞，動作的發(fā)出者通常是人，句中的主語是動作的 承受者，所以decide要用被動語態(tài)。從題干的語境和關鍵詞yet ,可判斷用現(xiàn) 在完成時，不定式做主語用單數(shù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。5) . The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets.(上海春 2001 )A. was booked B. had been booked C. were

24、 bookedD. have beenbooked解析：B句中tickets是book(訂票)的承受者，主謂為被動關系，又因票 已被訂出應發(fā)生在entered the office 這個過去動作之前，所以要用過去完成 時的被動語態(tài)。2.高考對非謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查當非謂語動詞的邏輯主語為動作的承受者時，須用被動式。弄清非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間的執(zhí)行與承受關系是掌握非謂語動詞語態(tài)的關鍵。1) . Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it.

25、 (NMET2002)A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen解析：B根據(jù)題意，那對老夫婦是否到國外旅行是將來的動作，應使用不定 式，故排除掉C、D兩項；又因remains的邏輯主語it是動詞see說表示動作 的承受者，即 到國外旅行”這件事，這件事有待于 被決定”，應使用動詞不定式 的被動形式。2) . While shopping, people sometimes can ' t help into buyingsomething they don ' t really need.(上海 1996 )A. to persuaded

26、B. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded解析：C can，t help doing禁不住做某事"，排除A和D;顧客應是 被勸說”購物的，要用動名詞的被動語態(tài)。3) . I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child.(上海 2002 )A. is to blame B. is going to blameC. is to be blamedD. should blame解析：A feel的賓語從句為強調句型，在 be to do結構中，在某些場合可 用不定式的主動語態(tài)表示被動語

27、態(tài)，如 to blame , to let等。強調句型講解強調”就是使句子的某一部分比一般情況下顯得更加重要。英語表達中，要強調句子的某一成分，一般可用強調句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分“。It在句中無意義，只起引出被強調部分的作用。被強調的部分指人時，除可用 that外，還可換用who (強調 賓語指人時也可用 whom )。使用強調句型時，應注意以下事項：一、去掉強調結構It is (was) that(who)后，剩下的詞仍能組成一個完整的句子。 這是判斷是不是強調句型的關鍵。試比較：1. It is strange that he didn

28、9; t come yesterday.2. It is you and Tom that didn' t come yesterday.顯然，句1去掉It is that后，句子結構不完整，是主語從句；句2去掉It is that 后，句子變?yōu)?you and Tom didn ' t come yesterday.仍是一個表意完整的句子，這是一個強調句。再如：1. It is what you do rather than what you say matters.A.that B. what C.which D. this答案A。這是一個強調主語的強調句型，去掉強調結構,

29、than what you say matters.表意完整。2. That was really as plan did evening. ItA.when B. that C.before D.since（05 安徽）答案D。由強調句型的判斷方法可知，該句不是強調句型。 我沒有這么高興了。since的意思是 自從那個時候起”。二、如果強調時間、地點、原因或方式狀語時，不可用 而仍用that。試比較：It was because of the accident why he was late.（ It was because of the accident that he was late.

30、（ 1. It was not until midnight they reached the camp site.（05天津）剩下的是 What you do rather's years I enjoyed myself so much.It指時間，句意為：好幾年when, where, why 或 how ,誤），正）。再如：（08重慶）A. that B.when C.while D. as答案A。該題強干擾項是 B,考生容易因強調時間狀語until midnight2. It was after he got what he had desired he realized i

31、mportant. （06 遼寧）A.that B.when C.since D. as答案A。該句強調時間狀語從句after he got what he had desired到他所夢寐以求的東西后他才意識到一切都不那么重要”。不要誤選Bo3. It was in New Zea land Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.而誤選。it was not so,題干意思是得（08全國II ）A. that B.how C.which D. when答案Ao強調地點狀語 in New Zea land.三、注意強調句型的否定句和疑問句形式，在這方面很容易因弄不清句子結

32、構而錯選。 如：1. I just wonder that makes him so excited.（06 山東）A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is答案D。正常語序的強調句型容易看出，但要注意它的變體。如果把該題變換一下語序：it is what that makes him so excited,不難看出這是強調句型的特殊疑問句形式，強調了疑問代詞what ,因為wonder后賓語從句，故用了陳述語序。2. It was not until she got home Jennifer realized she

33、had lost her keys.A. when B. that C.where D.before（06 全國卷二）答案B。如果去掉強調結構，該句是一個 "notunti句型:"Jennifer didn ' t realize shehad lost her keys until she got home.要強調時間狀語 until she got home ,這時要把主句中的否定詞 not放在was之后。四、強調主語時，that或who后面的謂語動詞的形式仍然取決于原句中的主語；be的變化只有is和was兩種形式，如果要表示現(xiàn)在時將來時的其它各種形式時，就用I

34、t is，表達過去時的各種形式時，用 It was.一般要與謂語動詞的時態(tài)一致。如：1. It is I who/ that am an English teacher.2. It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class.3. It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket.4. It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.五、在復習中有可能把It is/ was thOt式都誤認為是強調句型的幾種情況：1、把具有實際意義的指示代詞it后面接is/was that誤認為是強調句式。-Where did you get to know her?（07 山東）-It was on the farm we worked.A.