最新專四語(yǔ)法第15節(jié)倒裝和省略資料

1、精品文檔專四語(yǔ)言知識(shí)之倒裝與省略倒裝一、 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)陳述句的正常語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)在前， 謂語(yǔ)在后。但是在某些場(chǎng)合， 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出等目的會(huì)顛倒原有語(yǔ)序，這種句式叫做倒裝(Inversion) 句。 倒裝句有兩種形式：完全倒裝(FullInversion) 和部分倒裝(Partial Inversion) 。1、完全倒裝將整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分都放在主語(yǔ)前面時(shí)， 稱為完全倒裝。 使用完全倒裝的情況有：(1) 以 here, there, now, then, from, out, down, in, up, away, on 等副詞開頭的句子， 且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 都是屬于移動(dòng)的含義，主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)。如：

2、There followed a long silence. 接著是一陣長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的沉默。Now come the long-awaited guests. 盼望已久的客人們現(xiàn)在來了。From the distance came occasional shots. 從遠(yuǎn)處不時(shí)傳來槍聲。Out rushed a tiger. 一只老虎沖了出去。* 注意：如果上述情況中主語(yǔ)為代詞，則句子不必倒裝。如：Out he rushed. 他沖了出去。Here she came. 她來了。(2) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首， 且主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)。 此類句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞大多是表示走動(dòng)或狀態(tài)的不 及物動(dòng)詞 go, come, st

3、and, sit, lie 等。如：Under the tree sat an old wrinkled man. 一位滿臉皺紋的老人坐在樹下。At the door stood a girl about the same height as mine. 在門邊站著個(gè)跟我差不多一樣高的女孩。(3) 表語(yǔ)放在句首以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，主語(yǔ)要放在 be 動(dòng)詞之后形成完全倒裝。如 : Below is the blue ocean. 下面是藍(lán)色的海洋。(4) 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)， 可將謂語(yǔ)部分的現(xiàn)在分詞、 過去分詞或不定式置于句首， 從而構(gòu)成倒裝。 如：Standing at the door is a char

4、ming girl. 坐在門口的是一個(gè)可人的女孩。To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列問題要仔細(xì)考慮。2、部分倒裝只將助動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)前， 謂語(yǔ)其余部分置于主語(yǔ)后， 則是部分倒裝。 下列情況使用部分倒裝：(1) 否定詞及含有否定意義的副詞或詞組置于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝：never, no, not, notonly, hardly, scarcely, rarely, little, seldom, nowhere, no sooner -than, hardly/ barely/ scarcely when, n

5、ot until ,at no time, by no means, on no account, in no way, in no case, on no condition, in/under no circumstances 等。如：In no way am I responsible for what has happened. 我決不會(huì)對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事負(fù)責(zé)。No sooner had the bell rung than the students rushed out of the classroom. 鈴聲一響，學(xué)生們就 跑出了教室。(2) 以 only 修飾狀語(yǔ)開頭的句子，要部分倒

6、裝。如：Only last week did they get married.他們上個(gè)星期剛結(jié)婚。Only if I get a job will I have enough money to get the camera. 我只有找到了工作才有足夠的錢買那款相機(jī)。* 注意： only 屬于主語(yǔ)的一部分時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Only a few people understood what he said. 只有很少人懂得他在說什么。(3) 以下列副詞或短語(yǔ)開頭的句子，句子要部分倒裝so, such, to such a degree, to such anextent, to such

7、extremes, to such a point 等。如：Such was the weather that I could not go out. 天氣如此這般，我出不了門。To such a degree did the story touch me that I took notes of it. 這個(gè)故事深深地打動(dòng)了我， 于是 我把它記了下來。(4) 句首為 so, nor, neither 等副詞，表明前句說明的情況也適用于該句時(shí)，句子通常要部分倒裝。如：He didn't say anything. Nor/ Neither did his assistant. 他什么都

8、沒說，他助手也沒吭聲。People in Britain rest two days a week. So do Chinese. 英國(guó)人一周休息兩天，中國(guó)人也一樣。* 注意：當(dāng) so 放在句首只是對(duì)對(duì)方所陳述的內(nèi)容表示肯定時(shí)，不用倒裝。如：“Tom wants to complete the important task. ” “So he does.” “湯姆想完成那項(xiàng)重要的任務(wù)。 ”“他的確想。 ”(5)虛擬條件句可以省略連同if,把從句中白助動(dòng)詞(were, should/could/might或had)移至主語(yǔ)前，形成部分倒裝。如：Had you been (= If you had

9、 been ) here last night, you would have met her. 如果你昨晚來這里的話，你就會(huì)見到她。Be any person (= If any person be) guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. 任何人犯罪，法院都有權(quán)上訴。Were I you (=If I were you) ， I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。(6) as和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，as必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，though可用也可不用倒

10、裝。這種倒裝通常是把從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在句首。如：Small as it is, an atom can still be seen.雖然小，原子還是能被看見。Sick as/ though she was, she came to work.盡管她病了，她還是來上班了。省略為了避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接，英語(yǔ)中常常會(huì)省略。以下為?？嫉膸追N省略(Ellipsis)形式。1 .并列句中，如果后面句子和前面句子有相同的成分，往往都會(huì)省略，以避免重復(fù)。To some smile is very easy, and to others (smile is) so hard. 對(duì)

11、有些人而言笑下彳艮容易,而對(duì) 另一些人而言則很困難。I guess Lisa will dance in the party but Jane won't (dance in the party).我認(rèn)為麗薩會(huì)在聚會(huì)上跳舞，而簡(jiǎn)不會(huì)。2 .復(fù)合句中從句的句尾和主句相重復(fù)時(shí)從句的句尾部分可省掉。Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice won't (sweep the floor).因?yàn)閻埯惤z不打掃地板，瑪麗只好去打掃了。He may leave if he wishes to (leave).如果他想走的話，他可以走。3 .在

12、以if, when, though, although, as, as if 等連詞引導(dǎo)的從句中，如從句中主要?jiǎng)釉~是be,可將主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞 be省掉。He is very good at dancing, though (he is) very old.雖然他年事已高，但他卻跳得非常棒。when (he was) asked about the advertising campaign of the new product, the manager said it was a great success.問及新產(chǎn)品的廣告宣傳時(shí)，經(jīng)理稱很成功。This is an illness that can

13、 result in total blindness left untreated.A. after B. ifC. sinceD. unless譯文：這種病如果得不到治療，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致完全失明。分析：如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且主動(dòng)詞為 be,通?？墒÷詮木涞闹髡Z(yǔ)和系動(dòng) 詞。本題根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B。此句完整形式為 This is an illness that can result in total blindness ifit is left untreated.4 .用do, so, do so, no侍替代旬中的一部分，構(gòu)成省略。(1) do代替主動(dòng)詞。如：Laura looks ver

14、y happy. She always used to do (= look very happy), I remember.勞拉看起來很開心，我記得她以前也總是(看起來開心)。(2) do so替代謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)可以和do that, do it交替使用。如：He said he would tell me the news, but he didn 't do so/ that/it (= tell me the news).他說要告訴我那條消息，但是他沒有。(本句中的do so / that/ it也可不要。)(3) so+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)與前一句的主語(yǔ)指代不同的對(duì)象

15、，表示”也是如此如：They want to see the famous basketball match and so do I.他們想看這場(chǎng)有名的籃球賽，我也想去看。I was tired, and so were they.我彳艮累,他們也是。(4) so+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)指的就是前一句話中的主語(yǔ)，表示說話人認(rèn)同對(duì)方的看法，意為"可不是嘛，的確如此"。如："They will win the championship. " So they will." 他們會(huì)獲得冠軍?？刹皇菃??！?5) so 或 not 可替代 that

16、從句，常與 I'm afraid, believe, expect, fear, guess, hope, suppose, think 等詞語(yǔ)搭配。如：Is he coming?” f believe so. / I hope not.""他就來嗎？""我想是的。我希望他不來。”(6) so與not可用來代替if后面的從句。如：Have you got a free evening next week? If so, let 's have dinner; if not, I 'm going without you.下周哪個(gè)晚

17、上有空嗎？要是有空，我們一塊吃晚飯吧。如果沒空，我就自己去了。真題：1. both sides accept the agreement a lasting peace be established in this region. A. Only if, will B. If only, would C. Should, willD. Unless, would2. Only take such clothes really necessary.A. as were B. as they areC. as they wereD. as are3. So badly in the car acc

18、ident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.A. did he injure B. injured him C. was he injured D. he was injured4. he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.A. Much asB. Much although C. As much D. Though much5. The central provinces have floods in some years

19、, and .A drought in othersB. droughts are othersC. while other droughtsD. others in drought6. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals in Africa.A huntedB. huntingC. that huntedD. are hunted7. The following are all correct responses to who told the news to t

20、he teacher?" EXCEPTA. Jim did this. B. Jim did so. C. Jim did that D. Jim did8. Acute he helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people .A. doB. hearC. do them D. hearing it9. A: Mother, you promised to take me out. B: Well, A. so do I.B. so did I.C. so I do !D. so I

21、did !10. Little about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.A. she cared B. she may care C. may she care D. did she care11. It is going to be fine tomorrow. A. so is it.B. So it is.C. So it does. D. so does it.12. my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be so

22、wet now.A. Had I taken B. will I take C. Have I taken D. Would I taken13. China has promised to revise its existing regulations and new policies according to WTO requirements.A. forming B. to form C. to be forming D. have formed14. both sides accept the agreement a lasting peace be established in th

23、is region.A. Only if; will B. If only; would C. Should; will D. Unless; would15. We have been told that under no circumstances the telephone in the office for personalaffairs.A. may we use B. we may use C. we could use D. did we use16. at first, they came to an agreement in the end.A. Much as they d

24、ifferedB. As much they differedC. As they much differedD. As they differed much17. Especially important to many people.A. there is legislation against pollutionB. is legislation against pollutionC. it is legislation against pollutionD. legislation against pollution is18. Not until the 1970 's an

25、 important topic among nations of the world.A. environmental protection becameB. did environmental protection becomeC. the protection of environment becameD. Protection became environmental19. Rarely unless they are cornered or provoked.A. snakes that attack a manB. do attack snakes to a manC. snake

26、s attack a manD. do snakes attack a man20. Not for a single moment giving light.A. the sun has stoppedB. stopped has the sunC. has the sun stoppedD. has stopped the sun21 .will Michael accept it.A. Only if it is a high-paying job.B. If only it is a high-paying jobC. Only it is a high-paying jobD. di

27、d I realize22 . Only by doing the work themselves.A. the students able get experienceB. will the students get experienceC. the students will to get experienceD. will the students getting experience23.1 n the United States, St. Louis has now become the 24th largest city.A. The fourth biggest city it

28、wasB. Once the fourth biggest cityC. Being the fourth biggest cityD. It was once the fourth biggest city24. Only under special circumstances to take make-up tests.A. are freshmen permitted B. freshmen are permittedC. permitted are freshmen D. are permitted freshmen25. beautiful was Alaska that every

29、body looked at her in admiration.A. Very B. Too C. Such D. So26. for London at 9 than it began to rain.A. Jack had hardlyB. As soon as Jack leftC. The moment Jack left D. No sooner had Jack left27. to obtain, but it also a solution to environmental pollution.A. Solar energy is not only easyB. Solar

30、energy is easy not onlyC. Not only easy is solar energyD. Not only is solar energy easy28. him tomorrow?A. Why not to call onB. Why don't call onC. Why not calling onD. Why not call on29. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before peopleA. do B. hear C. do t

31、hem C. hearing it30. Once , this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity.A. it being completedB. it completed C. completedD. it completes31. It is a sunny day today.A. So it does. B. So is it. C. So it is. D. So does it.32. The sentence Had he known her addr

32、ess, he would have written to her " means thatA. he has known her address B. he knew her addressC. he didn't know her addressD. he asked for her address33. On no account ever leave the baby at home alone.A. should you B. you should C. shall you D. you shall34. Only by practicing a few hours

33、 every daybe able to master the language.A . you can B. can you C. you will D. will you35. Not only the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.A. he refused B. refused he C. did he refuse D. he did refuse36. Little what was upsetting me.A. may he realize B. he realizes C. he may realize D. did

34、 he realize37. No sooner his speech than listeners put forward questions.A. he has finished B. has he finished C. he had finished D. had he finished38. When , the bridge connecting the island to the continent will be open to traffic next year.A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be co

35、mpleted39. All the following sentences contain ellipsis （省略）EXCEPTA. Nice to see you again.B. I hate him as much as you.C. What a sunny day!D. Your mother is at home, isn't she?40. for the fact that his father was in hospital, he might have gone abroad.A. Hadn't it been B. Had it not been C. Were it not D. Was it not41. Not until three years ago to work overseas.A. he began B. he begins