中考英語語法專題-代詞(絕對經(jīng)典)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上代詞考點解析：1. 人稱代詞主格和賓格的選擇2. 形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別和選用3. 反身代詞詞組以及單復(fù)數(shù)形式4. 指示代詞的用法5. 不定代詞的辨析（重難點）6. 疑問代詞的選用7. it的用法代詞是代替名詞的詞類。主要有人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問代詞、和關(guān)系代詞、相互代詞。一、 人稱代詞含義：指代“你、我、他等”人稱的代詞。如下表：單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格我I Me我們Weus你youYou你們Youyou她sheHer她們Theythem他heHim他們Theythem它itIt它們theythem用法1. 主格作主語

2、中文舉例：我是一個學(xué)生。讓學(xué)生用英語試著說 Im a student. 再次強化：你是一個老師。 You are a teacher. 2. 賓格做謂語動詞和介詞的賓語Let me help you/ listen to me carefully.注意：人稱代詞賓格做短語動詞的賓語時的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)： 動詞+介詞+賓語 如：look for it（與look有關(guān)的皆是如此，如look at/after/into/like） 動詞+賓語+副詞 如：put it away（與put有關(guān)的大多如此，如put it up/off）3. 作表語。通常要用賓格Who is knocking at the doo

3、r? Its me.中考演練場：Look, thats Mike, your classmate. -Yes, Lets go and say hello to_.A. himB. heC. herD. hers解析：答案A. mike是男名，排除C、D，to是介詞，后面應(yīng)該跟賓格，所以選A。二、 物主代詞含義：表示某個人或者某物屬于某人所有的代詞。即：我的、你的、他們的等詞。引導(dǎo)：先寫出我的，你的，她的，然后讓學(xué)生跟著寫單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性我的myMine我們的ourOurs你的yourYours你們的yourYours她的herHers她們的theirTheirs他的his

4、His他們的theirTheirs它的itsIts它們的theirTheirs總結(jié)規(guī)律：1）名詞性物主代詞一般在形容詞性物主代詞后加s 2）已經(jīng)有了s 的不再加，保持原形。his-his, its-its 3）特殊的my-mine用法：1. 形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞，不能單獨使用，后邊必須跟名詞。如：我的鋼筆 my pen.Their room is on the second floor.2. 名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，作用相當于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。Its not your book, its mine. Mine= my bookYou may us

5、e my umbrella. Ill use hers. Hers= her umbrella3. of+名詞性物主代詞可以做定語，形成名詞的雙重所有格如：a friend of mine（mine=my friends, 避免重復(fù)）延伸：She is a friend of my mothers.()=she is one of my mothers friends（強調(diào)她是媽媽的所有朋友中的一個，of在這里相當于數(shù)學(xué)中的屬于符號，即she是一個個體，包含在媽媽的朋友這個整體中） She is a friend of my mother. (X)（如果要強調(diào)她是我媽媽的朋友，應(yīng)該直接說she

6、 is my mothers friend.） 中考演練場：Excuse me, are these _ books?No, they are _ .A. your; her B. his; hers C. yours; her D. yours; she解析：答案B。用代入法，第一句后面跟了books所以要選形容詞性物主代詞，從A/B中選，第二句中后面無名次，應(yīng)選名詞性物主代詞，故選B.三、 反身代詞漢語釋義：如我自己、你自己、他自己等。構(gòu)成：第一二人稱：形容詞性物主代詞+self/selves 第三人稱：人稱代詞賓格+ self/selves構(gòu)成形式是一個易混點，故引導(dǎo)學(xué)生按照上述規(guī)律寫出

7、下表：人 稱單 數(shù)復(fù) 數(shù)第一人稱MyselfOurselves第二人稱YourselfYourselves第三人稱himselfherselfitselfThemselves用法：反身代詞通常和一些動詞或介詞連用構(gòu)成詞組，如專心-專注-專業(yè)enjoy oneself玩的愉快by oneself單獨地，獨自 learn. . by oneself自學(xué)teach oneself 自修help yourself to隨便吃for oneself 為自己dress oneself 穿衣服come to oneself蘇醒中考演練場：Is this model plane yours, Susan? -

8、Yes, its mine. Its made by_.A. myself B. yourselfC. himselfD. herself解析：選A。根據(jù)題意，是我自己親自做的，故選A。四、 指示代詞漢語釋義：指示人或物的一類代詞，即這個、那個；這些、那些。this, that, these, those近指：this/these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人遠指：that/those則指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人This is my sister.這是我姐姐。（介紹的時候姐姐就在身邊）Who is that girl? 那是我的書。（那個女孩不在說話雙方旁邊）These are my

9、 friends.這些是我朋友。（朋友就在說話人身邊）1. 有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講到的事物，例如：I was ill. Thats why I didnt come.（劃線部分即為前文）What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.（劃線部分下文）2. 有時為了避免重復(fù)，常用that或those代替前文所提事物， 常用語比較級中，表示同等東西的比較。The weather in Chongqing is hotter t

10、han that of Chengdu.（that=the weather）The population of China is larger than that of the United States. ( that=the population)3. this 在電話用語中介紹自己，that 詢問對方。例如：Hello! This is Jim. Is that Jack speaking?五、不定代詞（來替代任何不定數(shù)量或范圍的人和事物詞）1.one, that 和it 1）one代替泛指的單數(shù)名詞, 指被替代名詞的同類中的一個，相當于a(an)+單數(shù)名詞。它所替代的名詞常有：不定冠詞

11、a(an)+形容詞，this/that, any, some等修飾。ones是one的復(fù)數(shù)，反身代詞是oneself，物主代詞ones。I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我該去買一頂。 2）that特指前面提到的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，相當于the+單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。that和被替代名詞并非指同一事物，而是指同類事物；多用于事物的比較，避免重復(fù)。The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同類但不同個)你買的那頂帽子比我買的大。3）it表示特指，代替上文提

12、到的原文、原物，指的是同一事物 I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it.( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了2. some, any1)都做主語、賓語和定語。Some常用在肯定句中，any常用在疑問句和否定句中I need some paper. Have you got any?2) any用于肯定句，表示強調(diào)，意任何I dont like any milk.3)Some也可用于疑問句中，表示請求、建議或表示說話人希望得到肯定的回答Would you like some coffee?3. many, much, (a)

13、 few, (a) littlemany/a few/few可數(shù)名詞much/a little/little+不可數(shù)名詞1)用作形容詞 含義用法表示肯定表示否定用于可數(shù)名詞a few雖少，但有幾個few不多，幾乎沒有用于不可數(shù)名詞a little，雖少，但有一點little不多，沒有什么Im going to buy a few apples.He can speak only a little Chinese.He has few friends.They had little money with them.2)a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點，稍微

14、”，little表示“很少”。Im a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry)Let him sleep a little. (修飾動詞sleep)Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級)She slept very little last night.4. another, other(s), the other(s) 1) the other / anothera)another表別的，另一個，泛指眾多中的一個，一般后面接單數(shù)名詞，前不加定冠詞 This book is too difficult for me. Will y

15、ou please give me another one?b)the other表示兩個中的一個，常與one連用，onethe otherI have two pencils. One is red, the other is blue.2)other+名詞=others(別的) Some are listening to the radio. Others are watching TV.3)the other+名詞=the others(其余的，相當于the rest)Some of the students are from the north. The others (=the ot

16、her students) are from the south.4） a) another +數(shù)詞+ 名詞 = 數(shù)詞+ other（more）+ 名詞Would you like three other (more) apples?= would you like another three apples?5. every和each的用法，都是每一個的意思，形式上都是單數(shù)1) every只能作定語，而each兼有形容詞和名詞的作用，可作主定賓和同位語2) each指兩個或兩個以上的人或物中的一個，every指三個或三個以上的人或物中的一個3) each強調(diào)個體，every強調(diào)整體Every

17、student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.4)each與not連用表示全部否定，every與not連用表示部分否定Each pen is not good here.這里的每支筆都不好用。（全否）Not every boy likes it=Every boy doesnt like it. 不是所有的男孩都喜歡足球。（半否）5)each可和of直接連用，構(gòu)成each of而every不能直接跟of連用，但是可以every+N+ofEach of the students.() Ever

18、y of the students(X) Every student of()6. both, all, neither, none, either, any都任何（之一）都不兩者Botheitherneither三者（以上）Allanynonea) both表兩者都，all表示三者以上都?？蓡为氂茫部蒪oth/all+the+名詞。也可加of.Both (of) the two sisters like Taylor Swift.All (of) the students need help.Both are ok.All is the well with her.b) Neither o

19、f是對both的完全否定，謂語用單數(shù)，none （of）是對all的完全否定，謂語動詞可單可復(fù)。Both the two sisters like Taylor Swift（否定）neither of the two sisters likes Taylor SwiftAll the students need help（否定）none of the students need help.c) none表特指概念，既可指人，也可指物，代替上文中的可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。作主語時要和of連用，其后謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù):None of us have (has) seen the film.

20、試比較：Did any one of my classmates come here? 我的同班同學(xué)來過這里嗎？None. 沒有（有范圍“班”）Did anyone come here? 有人來過這兒嗎？No one.沒有（泛指，沒有范圍）d) eitheror;或者或者neithernor.既不也不謂語動詞就近原則Neither the boys nor Olivia eats mushrooms.e) Either(of),兩者之一；any (of),三者之一Either of the sisters is going to dance.Any of the students will g

21、et an apple.7. a lot of, lots of, a number of, large numbers of, a great deal of, plenty ofa lot of/ lots of /plenty of+可數(shù)/不可數(shù)many/a number of/large numbers of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)much/a great deal of+不可數(shù)名詞A lot of people think that time is money.I dont have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.I hav

22、e a number of letters to write today.注意：many a student likes English.=many students like English.8. none, no one, nobody, nothing.None既指人又指物，后面可跟of 短語,作主語時謂語用可單可復(fù)；no one只能指人，不能of。nobody 也只能指人，但可以跟of. nothing只能指物，還可以在口語中用its nothing表示沒關(guān)系。No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.Nobody handed in

23、his/their composition(s) yesterday.None of my friends came to see me that day.8、 復(fù)合不定代詞由some, any, no, every, 加上body, thing, one構(gòu)成的如somebody, something, anything, nothing, everything, everybody等詞,叫做復(fù)合不定代詞1）在句子中當單數(shù)使用。修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的定語,應(yīng)放在它們的后面。如：Hey, Lily. There is someone outside the door. There is someth

24、ing important for you.2）somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody, anyone一般用于疑問句、否定句和條件狀語從句中。Someone is looking for you.He doesnt like anything made in Japan.Is there anyone in the room?3）有時something可以一般疑問句中Would you like something to drink?六、相互代詞each other、one another漢語釋義：表示相互關(guān)系的代詞1.

25、each other一般指兩個人或物作賓語，one another一般指兩個以上的人或物We didnt know each other at that time. （指說話人加另一人，共兩者）We should help one another in the class.（班上不只兩個人）2. each others 和one anothers彼此的，作定語They have met each others parents.他們已經(jīng)見過彼此的父母。The students corrected one anothers mistakes in their homework.學(xué)生相互改作業(yè)中的錯

26、誤。七、疑問代詞疑問代詞可以用一個表格總結(jié)出.疑問代詞主要用法例句Who作主語、表語、賓語（作賓語時在口語中不能用在介詞后）Who is on duty today?Whomwho的賓格形式，作賓語With whom did you go shopping?Whosewho的所有格形式，作表語、定語Whose hat is red?Whatwhowhat詢問某人職業(yè)-Whats your mother?-She is a teacher.who詢問某人身份、姓名-Who is that girl?-She is Anna.Whatwhichwhat指不定數(shù)目中的哪一個、哪一些、什么，無范圍限定

27、What color do you like?which哪一個，指在一定范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物Which color do you like better, red or green?八、it 的用法1. 指代前文提到的事物Is this book yours? Not, Its Toms.(it=this book)2. 代替指示代詞this和thatWhats that? Its a clock.3. 指代嬰兒或不明身份的人Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is.4. 只待時間或季節(jié)Whats the time

28、now? its 18:40.5. 指代天氣Whats the weather like today? Its sunny.6. 指代距離How far is it from your home to school?7. 用作形式主語，常用句型如下1) it is +adj+(for sb) to do sthIts useful for us to learn English.2) Its time to do/for/thatIts time to have lunch.3) It seems that看起來好像（似乎）It seems that you dont like the foo

29、d.4) Its ones turn to do sth.Its your turn to clean the room.5) Its +adj +thatIts strange that he didnt go to school yesterday.8. 用在think，find，consider之后作形式賓語I find it interesting to play football.9. 用于強調(diào)句型中Its she who brought your dictionary to school.2011中考試題精選 1. Im talking to you, Jack. Please l

30、isten to carefully.A. me B. mine C. you D. yours2. I knocked on the door but answered.A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody3. I have two children, and of them are working in the west of China.Aall B. both C. neither D. either4. -Is this ruler?-No. is over there.A. her; Her B. her; Hers C. he

31、rs; Hers D. hers; Her5. - _ bike is this?- I think it petersA. WhoB. WhichC. WhoseD. What6. Most of the work was done by my sister and_.A. me B. I C. my D. Mine7. -Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow?-Sure. I see it as a chance to prove .A. myself B. me C. yourself D. you 8

32、. May I have a talk with you, sir? Ive got important to tell you. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything9. -Im hungry, is there any bread in the fridge? -_but we have cakes. Would you like to have one?A. Some B. Much C. None D. Nothing10. Helen and Mary are good friends. _often help each

33、other.A. Them B. Theirs C. They D. Their11. -How do you usually come to school, by bus or by bike? -_. I walk.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. Any12. -Here are three books on history. Which one would like to borrow? -_. You see, Im interested in history these days.A. All B. None C. Both D. Each13. -W

34、hich club would you like to join, art club or basketball club?-_ is OK. Im good at them.A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. All14. Peter tried on three jackets, but _ of them fitted him.A. all B. both C. none D. neither15. Did you see Peter and Mike? No, I saw _of them.A. neither B. either C. both D. no

35、ne16. -The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even _. -Thats so cool!A. all B. both C. neither D. none17. Take care of _. You dont want to catch a cold.A. you B. yours C. yourself18. -Lily, please put your school things in your bag. -But those books are not _, they are Toms.

36、A. I B. my C. mine19. -Mom, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. -OK. Lets give him _ to eat.A. anything different B. different anything C. something different D. different something20. Now Old Henry is very sad, so he doesnt want to do _. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything21. -Yest

37、erday I lost my pencil sharpener. I couldnt find_. -Oh, its a pity. Youd better buy _ this afternoon.A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. one; one22. Parents care about childrens education more than anything else. A. theirB. themC. theirs23. -What are _ teachers doing? -They are having a meeting.A. th

38、is B. that C. those24. - Can you cook by_? -Yes, I can cook wellA. you B. yours C .yourself25. All of us find necessary to take exercise every day.A. this B. that C. them D. it26. -_is your husband?-A cook. He works in a restaurant near our home.A. What B. Where C. How D. Which27. -Help to some frui

39、ts.-Thank you .A. yourself B. your C. You28. -Can you speak English, Mr Wang？-Yes, but onlyA. little B. a little C. a lot29. I have two brothers. One is a teacher, _ is a doctor.A. another B. other C. others D. the other 30. -There is still a copy of this book in the library. Will you go and borrow_

40、? -No, I will buy _in the bookstore.A. one; it B. one; one C. it; one D. it; it31. -Oh, the traffic is so heavy. -Lets change _ route to the airport. A. other B. others C. the other D. another32. -Do you know Li Na?-Of course. Shes a great tennis player_ comes from Hubei, China.A. who B. what C. whi

41、ch33. -Are these books _.？-No. they are not mine. They belong to _.A. your, her B. yours, her C. you, hers D. yours, she34. I dont like _of the sweaters. Please show me a third one.A. both B. either C. one D. all35. I need a dictionary. Who has got _?A. oneB. itC. thatD. this36. -There is no salt le

42、ft. Jim, would you like to get _? -OK, Mum!A. it B. one C. some D. any37. _you do, dont miss this exhibition, for its so hard for me to get the tickets. A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whether 38. A smile costs nothing, but gives so _.A. littleB. fewC. manyD. much39. I have two cats. One is black, and _ is white.A. anotherB. someC. otherD. the other40. Work hard at English. _ is di