初三英語定語從句用法詳解及練習(xí)

1、定語從句的用法和精練一、定語從句的概念     在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。     二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞     引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。     三、定語從句的分類

2、     根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。     四、關(guān)系代詞的用法     1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:    Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的

3、音樂。(that作主語)     The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)     2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:     The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)     The film (wh

4、ich) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)     3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:     The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)     Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming

5、is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)     注意:(1)當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:     This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?    Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英

6、文小說。 (2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:     This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。     (3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:     The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。     (4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:  &#

7、160;  a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:     He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。     b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:     Is there anythin

8、g that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?     c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:     This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。     d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:     I c

9、an remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。     e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:     Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?     f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:     T

10、here is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。     (5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:     a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:     Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?     b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:   &

11、#160; This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。     c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:     Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。     五、關(guān)系副詞的用法     (1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如:     This was the time when he

12、arrived.這是他到達的時間。     (2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如:     This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。     (3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:     Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。   I.單項填空。   

13、60; 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father?     -Yes, hes our headmaster.     A. he B. who C. which D. whom     2. Is this the river _I can swim?     A. which B. in which C. that D. the one     3. This is the be

14、st hotel in the city _I know.     A. where B. which C. that D. it     4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day?     A. that you bought B. you bought it     C. that you bought it D. which you bought it     5. Anyone _w

15、ith what I said may put up you hands.     A. which agrees B. who agree     C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.     A. that B. it C. which who     7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate 

16、0;   A. whos B. whose C. that of which.     8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.     A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was     9. I love places _the people are really friendly.     A. that B. which C. whe

17、re D. who     10. The world _ is made up of matter.     A. in that we live B. on which we live     C. where we live in D. we live in     . 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom填空。     1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.     2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.   &