從屬連詞的用法

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上從屬連詞的用法 從屬連詞的用法從屬連詞從屬連詞分為兩大類，即引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞和引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞。1、引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞英語中大多數(shù)從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句，并且引導(dǎo)的狀語從句位置比較靈活，大多位于主句之前或之后皆可，位于主句之前時(shí)通常用逗號隔開。從引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞的意義來看，可分為引導(dǎo)時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步、條件等名種從句的連詞。（1）引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞此類連詞主要有：when, while, after, before, as, as soon as , now(that), until, till, once, since,whe

2、never, no sooner.than, hardly/barely/scarcely.when等。When I got to the theatre, I found that they had sold all the tickets.當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)劇院時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)票已售完。We should strike while the iron is hot.我們要趁熱打鐵。Since he entered the university, he has made great progress in his studies.進(jìn)入大學(xué)以來，他在學(xué)業(yè)上已經(jīng)取得了很大進(jìn)步。They kept on workin

3、g until it became dark.他們一直工作到天黑。Once you begin , you must go on. 你一旦開始，就必須繼續(xù)下去。You seem to have a ready-made answer, whenever I ask you a question.每逢我問你問題, 你總好象有現(xiàn)成的答案。Now (that) you are here, you'd better stay.你既然來了，那就不要走了。No sooner had they got to the field than it began to rain.他們剛到田里就開始下

4、雨了。Hardly had he set foot on his native land when he felt comfortable.他一踏上祖國的土地就感到心情舒暢。注意：no sooner, hardly等位于句首時(shí)需用倒裝語序。every time, each time, next time, the last time, the moment等，引導(dǎo)句子其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。She felt a thrill the moment she got into the theatre.她一進(jìn)劇場就感到一種激動。Every time he got to Beijing, he

5、came to see me.每次他來北京，他都來看我。（2）引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞此類連詞主要有because, as, since, now(that)，等。because引導(dǎo)的從句表示產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果的必然的因果關(guān)系，語氣較重，可回答why問句；since語氣較輕，常位于句首；as則語氣最輕。We couldn't cross the river because the water had risen.水已經(jīng)上漲了，所以我們沒能過河。Since everyone is here, let's begin.既然大家都來了，我們就開始吧。I must stop

6、 writing now, as I have rather a lot of work to do.我必須停筆了，因?yàn)槲疫€有許多工作要做。Now that you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 既然你有了這個(gè)機(jī)會，你可以充分的利用它了。The Italian boy was regarded as a hero because he gave his life for the country.因?yàn)檫@個(gè)意大利男孩為國家獻(xiàn)出了生命，所以他被譽(yù)為英雄。Why use wood when you can

7、 use plastic?既然能用塑料, 為什么還要用木料? （3）引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞此類連詞主要有although, though, as, even if, even though,no matter what等。Though my father is old,yet he wants to do something for our country.我爸雖然老了，可他還要為國家做點(diǎn)事。Even if there are difficulties， we must do it well.即使有困難，我們也要把工作做好。Young as I am,I know some of the

8、family secrets.盡管我年齡小，我知道一些家庭秘密。Nobody believed him no matter what he said.不管他說什么每人相信他。Much as I have travelled,I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. 雖然我去了很多地方，但是我從來沒有見過像約翰這么能干的人。（4）引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞此類連詞主要有if, unless, as/so long as, supposing等。If we go on polluting the world ,it won'

9、t be fit for to live in.如果我們繼續(xù)污染這個(gè)世界，那么這個(gè)世界就會不適合我們生活了。You will fail unless you work hard.除非努力你才不會失敗。You can go out as/so long as you promise to be back soon.只要你保證很快回來，你就可以出去。What shall we do supposing he won't agree?假定他不同意，我們怎么辦？The WTO cannot live up to its name if it does not include a cou

10、ntry that is home to one fifth of mankind如果世貿(mào)組織不能容納占世界人口五分之一的國家，那它就名不符實(shí)。You will be late unless you leave immediately. 如果你不馬上走，你要遲到了。Unless he comes, we won't be able to go.他不來我們不能走。（5）表示行為方式的從屬連詞表示行為方式的從屬連詞主要有as，as if/though等。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it we

11、re broken.當(dāng)把鉛筆一部分放到水里時(shí)，鉛筆看上去就像斷了。We did as he told us. 我們照他叮囑的做了。He spoke as though he knew the question very well.他說得好像對這個(gè)問題知道得很清楚。注意：以as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，其謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣。與現(xiàn)在相反的情況用過去時(shí)，與過去相反的情況用過去完成時(shí)。I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.整個(gè)事情我都記得,就好像此事發(fā)生在昨天。He spoke like that as if he had been

12、 there before.他那樣說好像他從前去過那里似的。（6）表示目的的從屬連詞表示目的的從屬連詞主要有that, so that，in order that等。I hurried so that I wouldn't be late for class. 為了上課不遲到我們趕緊走。John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. 約翰把大家關(guān)在廚房外邊，是為了能夠?yàn)橥頃腼兂鋈艘饬系娘埐恕ohn saved his money

13、 in order that he might buy a bicycle.約翰為了買一輛自行車而把錢節(jié)省下來。Bring it nearer that I may see it better.把它拿近一些, 以便使我看得比較清楚。Speak s lowly so that we can follow you.講得慢些以便我們能跟得上你。（7）表示結(jié)果的從屬連詞表示結(jié)果的從屬連詞，主要有that，so.that，so that，such.that等。They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else.

14、他們彼此見到面，高興得把別的事情都忘記了。It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.天氣非常寒冷， 以至于街上沒有任何人。It is so cold that all the water pipes have frozen.天太冷，所有的水管都凍住了。His behaviour was such that we all refused to receive him in our homes.他的品行是如此的壞, 我們都拒絕在家里招待他。（8）表示比較的從屬連詞表示比較的從屬連詞主要有than，as等John plays

15、 football as well as, if not better than, David. 約翰踢足球和大維比如果不比他好的話，至少和他踢得一樣好。I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.我想漢語比其他任何科目都更受歡迎。Do you think that art is as interesting as music?你認(rèn)為美術(shù)與音樂一樣有趣嗎?（9）表示地點(diǎn)的從屬連詞表示地點(diǎn)的從屬連詞主要有where，wherever等。You should make it a rule to leave things where

16、you can find them again. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，將東西放在你能找到的地方。After the war, a new school building was put up where there once had been a theatre. 戰(zhàn)后，在以前的劇院處建了一所新學(xué)校。Leave her where she is. 把她留在原地。You can take it with you wherever you go.你不論去哪里，都可隨身攜帶它。2、引導(dǎo)名詞性從名的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞多是連接代詞和連接副詞，從屬邊詞主要有that，whether, if。（1） 由

17、從屬連詞that，whether，if引導(dǎo)這類連詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分。We all know that the earth moves around the sun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。（賓語從句）Im sorry that you cant come.很遺憾你不能來。（賓語從句）My idea is that we should stick to our plan.我的意見是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)堅(jiān)持我們的計(jì)劃。（表語從句）I want to know whether/if he will come back soon.我想知道他是否能很快回來。（賓語從句）Whet

18、her it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.這會給我們帶來壞處還是好處尚需拭目以待。（主語從句）The question is whether the book is worth reading.問題是這本書是否值得一讀。（表語從句）（2）由連接代詞引導(dǎo)連接代詞除了可以起連接作用外，還可以在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。連接代詞主要有who，whom，whose，which，what, whatever, whoever, whomever等。Do what he or she tells you to do.按照他/她所告訴你的去做。Wh

19、at is needed is a change in land ownership.需要做的事就是改變土地的所有制。What he said at the meeting astonished ev erybody present.他在會議上的發(fā)言使入會者大吃一驚。Can you tell me who that gentleman is? 你能告訴我那位先生是誰么？They want to know what they can do to help us.他們想知道怎樣幫助我們。They eat whatever they can find. 他們找到什么就吃什么？Whoever come

20、s will be welcomed.無論誰來都會受到歡迎。（3）由連接副詞引導(dǎo)連接副詞除了起連接作用外，還在從句中作狀語。連接副詞主要有when，where，how，why等。I remember when this used to be a quiet village.我記得那時(shí)候這是一個(gè)安靜的村莊。Would you please tell me how I can get to the airport? 請告訴我怎樣去機(jī)場？I don't know where we are going to have this meeting.我不知道我們到什么地方去開這次會議。Do

21、you know why he was late? 你知道他為什么遲到嗎?五、特殊的從屬連詞狀語從句需要一定的連詞與主句連接構(gòu)成主從復(fù)合句，英語中這種從屬連詞是很豐富的。下面介紹幾種較特殊的從屬連詞。1、分詞轉(zhuǎn)化的連詞：considering（考慮到、鑒于），given（考慮到），provided/providing（只要、如果），seeing（既然、考慮到），supposing(假如)。Considering hes only been learning English a year,he speaks it very well.鑒于他才學(xué)了一年英語，他的英語講得算是很不錯的。Given t

22、hat they are inexperienced,theyve done a good job.考慮到他們沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們已經(jīng)是干得很好的了。She never minds helping anyone who has nowhere to sleep, provided hes reasonable. 任何找不到住處的人，只要他們?yōu)槿苏?，她就樂于幫助。Seeing he refused to help us,theres no reason why we should now help him.既然他不肯幫助我們，那我們現(xiàn)在也不必非得去幫助他。Supposing white were b

23、lack，you would be right.假如白色都能變成黑色，那你就是對的了。2、動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為連詞:save that(只是)，suppose(假定)。I agree with you,save that you have got one or two facts wrong. 我同意你的意見，只是你有一兩處地方弄錯了。Supposing they did not believe him what would they do to him?如果他們不相信他的話，他們會把他怎樣呢?3、副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為連詞:directly（一就），immediately（一就），instantly（一就），no

24、w that（既然），once（一旦就）等。Directly the teacher came in,everyone was quiet.老師一走進(jìn)來，大家就安靜下來了。I left,immediately the clock struck twelve.鐘剛敲12點(diǎn)，我就離開了。He set off，instantly he heard the news.他一聽到這個(gè)消息就出發(fā)了。Now（that） you have the chance,you had better make good use of it.既然有此機(jī)會，就該好好利用它一下。(如用過去時(shí)態(tài)，則一般用now that)Onc

25、e you begin,you mustnt stop.一旦開始，就不要停下來了。4、名詞短語用作連詞:any moment(無論何時(shí))，the day(當(dāng)天就)，each time(每次)，every time(每當(dāng))，the instant(一就)，the minute（一就），the moment（一就），next time（下次），the way（正如的樣子）。Come and see us any moment you can.什么時(shí)候得空請來看看我們。He called on her the day he arrived.他到的當(dāng)天就去看望了她。Each time we call

26、on him,he is reading.每次我們?nèi)タ此荚诳磿?。She smiles every time she sees me.她見到我時(shí)總是面帶微笑。I told you the instant I heard the news.我一聽說那個(gè)消息馬上就通知了你。We will leave the minute youre ready.你準(zhǔn)備好我們就走。The moment he spoke we recognized his voice.他剛一開口我們就聽出他的聲音了。Im going to see him next time he comes here.下次他來時(shí)我一定要會會他。

27、They didnt do it the way we do now.他們當(dāng)時(shí)的做法和我們現(xiàn)在的做法不同。-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?你記得還欠瑪麗的錢了嗎？-Yes.I gave it to her the moment I saw her.記著了。我一看見她就還給她了。5、the first time表示“第一次”的用法（1）the first time表示“第一次”，引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)到說話時(shí)為止某一情況或動作的次數(shù)，主句中系動詞是is，從句謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；主句中系動詞是was，從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。

28、This is the first time he has been late this term這是他本學(xué)期第一次遲到。That was the first time I had gone to work那是我第一次上班。- Do you know our town at all？你了解這座城市嗎？- No，this is the first time I have been here不了解。這是我第一次來。（2）the first time表示“第一次時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，從句中謂語用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，側(cè)重點(diǎn)不是要說第一次做了什么，而是要敘述另一情況或動作。The first time Mr

29、 Brown came to China he visited the Great Wall布朗先生第一次來中國時(shí)就游覽了長城。The first time I saw him，he was reading a book我第一次見到他時(shí)，他在看書。I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.我第一次見她就認(rèn)為她很好也很誠實(shí)。（3）the first time表示“第一次的情景”，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)來表示。Do you remember the first time we met？你還記得我們第一次見面的情景嗎？六

30、、從屬連詞的多義性1、when（1）表示時(shí)間，意思是“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。The fire was put out when they came.他們來到的時(shí)候，大火已經(jīng)被撲滅了。When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家時(shí)，妻子在做晚飯。（2）表示條件，意思是“如果，要是”。When the weather is good，I usually go to the country.如果天氣好的話，我通常到鄉(xiāng)下去。Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.如果機(jī)器發(fā)生故

31、障, 就把電門關(guān)上。（3）表 示原因，意思是“既然”。I can't tell you when you won't listen. 既然你不想聽，我就不告訴你了。How can he succeed when he won't work?既然他不肯工作，那么他怎么會成功呢?Why do we take the flag down at night，when we just have to put it up again in the morning?既然我們早上還得把旗升上去，那晚上又為什么要把它降下來呢?Why do you want a n

32、ew job when you've got such a good one already?既然你有這么好的一份工作為什么你還想找新工作？It was an exciting moment for these football fan this year,when for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.這是球迷們本年度最興奮的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)樗麄兊那蜿?duì)這些年以來第一次贏得世界杯。（4）表示讓步，意思是“雖然，然而，可是”。He walks when he might ride.他雖然可以坐車，可是他還是步行

33、了。We have only three chairs when we need five.我們需要五把椅子，可是我們只有三把。2、while（l）表示時(shí)間，意思是“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，“和同時(shí)”。We waited while he dined.他吃飯時(shí)，我們等著。Please be quiet while I am talking to you.在我跟你說話的時(shí)候，請安靜。（2）表示讓步，意思是“雖然，盡管”。While I understand what you say，I cant agree with you.雖然你說的我懂，可是我還是不能同意。While he is respected，h

34、e is not liked.他雖受人尊敬，但并不被人喜愛。（3）表示對比，意思是“而，然而”。She is very diligent，while he is very lazy.她很勤奮，而他卻很懶。You like sports，while I'd rather read.你愛運(yùn)動，而我愛看書。3、as（1）表示時(shí)間，意思是“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，隨著”。I met John as I was coming home。我回家途中遇到約翰。As a young man，he joined the army.他在年輕時(shí)就參了軍。（2）表示原因，意思是“由于，因?yàn)椤?。As he was n

35、ot well，I decided to go without him.因?yàn)樗眢w不好，我決定獨(dú)自去了。She stayed at home as she had no car.她因沒有汽車而留在家里。（3）表示比較，意思是“像一樣”。Im as tall as you(are).我和你樣高。The work is not so easy as you imagine.這工作不像你想象的那么簡單。（4）表示方式，意思是“按照，如同”。Do as I do.我怎么干，你就怎么干。I have told the story just as it happened.我已如實(shí)地講了這一情況。（5）表示

36、讓步。意思是“雖然，盡管”。注意，as引導(dǎo)狀語從句表示讓步時(shí)，一定要用倒裝語序。Sick as he was，he came to work.他雖然有病，還是來上班了。Child as he is，he knows a lot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子，懂的卻很多。Much as I like it，I wiIl not buy it.雖然我很喜歡這個(gè)東西，但不想買它。4、if（1）表示條件或假設(shè)，意思是“如果，假如”。Well stay at home if it rains tomorrow.如 果明天下雨，我們就呆在家里。If I were you，I wouldnt go.假如我是你，我就不去。

37、（2）表示讓步，意思是“雖然，即使”。I will go if I die for it.即使是死我也要去。If I am wrong，you come wrong,too.即使我錯了，你也是錯。（3）表示時(shí)間，意思是“無論何時(shí)，當(dāng)”，相當(dāng)于whenever。 If I dont understand what he says,I always ask him.我不懂他說的話時(shí)，我總問他。If winter comes，can spring be far behind?冬天來了，春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎?（4）表示原因，意思是“既然”。If you dont like the job，why don't you change it?既然你不喜歡這個(gè)工作，為什么不換換呢?（5）用來引出一個(gè)表達(dá)愿望的感嘆句，表達(dá)一個(gè)愿望If they had only come ea