句子成分分析二

1、 句子成分分析二初一單詞記憶 作業(yè)1：使用天天單詞超過1小時詞匯精講作業(yè)2：整理學(xué)校以及網(wǎng)校英語課中錯題本。知識講解句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。主語主語是一個句子所表達(dá)的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句當(dāng)主語不是疑問詞時和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。Walls have ears. 隔墻有耳。名詞做主語He will take you to the hospita

2、l. 他會帶你去醫(yī)院。代詞做主語Three plus four is seven. 三加四等于七。數(shù)詞做主語To see is to believe. 眼見為實。動詞不定式做主語Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共場所不允許吸煙。動名詞做主語Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他們來不來取決于天氣。從句做主語謂語 謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。 簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。He practices running ev

3、ery morning.The plane took off at ten oclock.復(fù)合謂語：由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。We are students.注意：謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。表語 表語說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動詞如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。 Ou

4、r teacher of English is an American.名詞Is it yours? 代詞The weather has turned cold.形容詞The speech is exciting.分詞Three times seven is twenty-one? 數(shù)詞His job is to teach English.不定式His hobby is playing football.動名詞The meeting is of great importance.介詞短語Time is up. The class is over.副詞The truth is that he

5、has never been abroad.表語從句注意：系動詞用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞。He is a teacher. 持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand.He always kept silent at meeting. 表像系動詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look.He seems (to be) very sad.  感官系動詞主要有feel, smell,

6、 sound, tasteThis kind of cloth feels very soft. 變化系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, runThe rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.  賓語 賓語表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。 She covered her face with her hands. 她用雙手蒙住臉。名詞短語作賓語We haven't seen her for a long time

7、. 我們好長時間沒看到她了。代詞作賓語Do you mind opening the window? 打開窗戶你介意嗎？動名詞短語作賓語Give me four please. 請給我四個。數(shù)詞作賓語He wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做一個好夢。動詞不定式短語作賓語We need to know what others are doing. 我們需要了解其他人都在干什么。從句作賓語I lived in Japan in 1986. 我1986年住在日本。名詞和數(shù)詞作介詞的賓語 雙賓語間接賓語+直接賓語Lend me your dictionary, pleas

8、e.后接to的有：write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等。He sent the novel to William yesterday.后接for的有：leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等。She bought a gift for her mother.以下動詞只能接不定式做賓語：ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, ex

9、pect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等。以下動詞只能接動名詞做賓語：admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等。以下動詞既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做賓語，但意義不同：stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。賓語補足語 英語中有些及

10、物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補足語才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：“某些及物動詞如make等)+賓語+賓補”。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語，what從句作賓補相當(dāng)于名詞。 His father named him Dongming. 名詞They painted their boat white. 形容詞Let the fresh air in. 副詞You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. 不定式短語We saw her entering the room. 分詞短語We found

11、everything in the lab in good order. 介詞短語We will soon make our city what your city is now. what從句定語 修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由形容詞、分詞、名詞、代詞、不定式短語、動名詞、介詞短語、從句等成分表示：They are women workers.名詞作定語Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.所有格名詞作定語Equal pay for equal work should be introduced.形容詞

12、作定語The play has three acts.數(shù)詞作定語This is her first trip to Europe.代詞、數(shù)詞和介詞短語作定語China is a developing country.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語You haven't kept your promise to write us often.動詞不定式短語作定語My cat has a good nose for milk.介詞短語作定語Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.從句作定語 狀語 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子

13、，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語Adverbial?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎?：These products are selling quickly. 副詞作狀語He is knee deep in snow.名詞作狀語The best fish swim near the bottom.介詞短語作地點狀語She sat there doing nothing.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語We'll send a car over to fetch you.動詞不定式短語作目的狀語She was slow to make up her mind.動詞不定式短語作狀語Strike while

14、the iron is hot.從句作時間狀語 位置：修飾動詞時，通常放在所修飾的動詞之后或句末。The girls are singing happily.He runs fast.為了強調(diào)可放句首。Over the river there is a new bridge.When I came, they were doing their homework.In front of the building, there is a big tree.Sometimes, often, always, usually, ever, already, also, even, almost, ne

15、ver，hardly, seldom . 一般放在助動詞(am, is, are, was, were; do, does, did; have, has; shall, will; should, would)及他們的否認(rèn)式、情態(tài)動詞之后，其他動詞之前。He is often late for class.He has never been there.He doesnt always finish his homework.He also knows the answer.He even wants to do it himself.同位語同位語對前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞

16、、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任。This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.插入語插入語對一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe.)等。To be frank, I dont quite agree with you.基本句型一、 主謂 此類句型中句子的謂語動詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。主語謂語TimeWe allEverybodyITheyHeHe They flies.eat and drink.laughed.woke.talked for hal

17、f an hour.walked yesterday.is playinghave gone.基本句型二、 主系表 句子謂語動詞都不能表達(dá)一個完整的意思，必須加上一個說明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be, look, feel, smell, taste, sound等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn, go等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義：stay, prove, remain, stand.主語系動詞表語 This The dinne

18、rHe EverythingHe The book The weather His face is smells(聞)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 基本句型三、主謂賓句中謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。主語 實義動詞 賓語 Who She He He They Danny I He kno

19、ws laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. "Good morning." 基本句型四、主謂間賓直賓 此句型中謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接，當(dāng)動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時，介詞往往被省略。主語及物動詞間接賓語多指人直接賓語多指物SheShe He He

20、I I I He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 基本句型五、主謂賓賓補 本句型中動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。主語及物賓語賓補We The

21、yThey TheyWhat We He I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 指出下面句子分別屬于哪個句型。 I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. In the modern city, there are some

22、 problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise.In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. There, the air is fresh and the water is clean. I can hear birds singing in the green trees. I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake. All this will be interesting and g

23、ood for my health. So I want to go to the countryside for a change. 1. ( S + V ) _ 2. ( S + V +O ) _ 3. ( S + V + C ) _ 4. ( S + V + IO + DO ) _ 5. ( S + V + O + C ) _ 6. There be 句型 _ 基本句型一主語+不及物動詞 ( S + V ) 1. 他昨天早上起床很晚。 _2. 那天晚上我們談了很多。 _ 3. 會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。 _4. 1919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五四”運動.( the May Fourth Movem

24、ent) _5. 這個盒子重五斤。(kilo) _6. 五年前我住在北京。 _ 7. 在過去十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 _ 基本句型二主語+及物動詞+賓語( S + V +O ) 1. 昨晚我寫了一封信。 _ 2. 我父親能流利地說英語。fluently _ 3. 你介意我開窗戶嗎？ _ 4. 你們必須在兩周之內(nèi)看完那些書。 _ 5. 他指出我的作文中的錯誤。point out, composition _ 6. 我們必須派人去請醫(yī)生。 _ 7. 你在工作中可以依靠他。 _ 8. 寫完作文后，我們必須檢查一遍。go over _ 基本句型三主語+系動詞+表語( S + V + C ) 1.我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。 _ 2. 這本書