1819 Unit4 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1、Section Grammar限制性定語(yǔ)從句 語(yǔ) 境 自 主 領(lǐng) 悟先觀察原句后自主感悟1.I know you're dying to hear all about my life here，so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.2The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.3We walked for tw

2、o and a half hours to get therefirst up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.4The only possessions I could see were one broom，a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.1.所有例句中黑體部分都是限制性定語(yǔ)從句。2例句1中黑體部分包括兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句：which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾表物的先行詞so

3、me photos，在從句中作主語(yǔ)；I talk about是省略了關(guān)系代詞 that/which(在從句中作賓語(yǔ))的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾表物的先行詞the places。3例句2中黑體部分為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾表人的先行詞The boys，who在從句中作主語(yǔ)。4例句3中黑體部分為from where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾表物的先行詞a ridge。5例句4中黑體部分為省略了關(guān)系代詞that(在從句中作賓語(yǔ))的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾表物的先行詞The only possessions。語(yǔ) 法 精 要 點(diǎn) 撥一、定語(yǔ)從句的相關(guān)概念1定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。2先行詞被

4、定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和關(guān)系副詞(when，where，why等)兩類。關(guān)系詞通常有三個(gè)作用：(1)連接定語(yǔ)從句；(2)指代先行詞；(3)在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。4限制性定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾和限制先行詞，與先行詞之間的關(guān)系非常密切，它所修飾的先行詞代表一個(gè)(些)或一類特指的人或物，說(shuō)明先行詞的性質(zhì)、身份、特征等狀況，如果去掉，則意思含混不清。She is the girl that you want to know.(限制性定語(yǔ)從句)她是你想認(rèn)識(shí)的女孩。He seems no

5、t to have grasped what I meant，which greatly upsets me.(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)他似乎沒(méi)理解我的意思，這使我很心煩。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2019.The little girl that/whom/who I spoke to just now is my sister.二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜ho人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表

6、語(yǔ)that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)as人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whose人或物定語(yǔ)The old man (who/whom/that) we visited yesterday is a famous artist.我們昨天拜訪的那位老人是位著名的藝術(shù)家。Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.王小姐正在照顧一個(gè)父母去了北京的小孩。This is the textbook (that /which) he is looking for.這就是他正在找的課本。名師點(diǎn)津定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致當(dāng)關(guān)系

7、代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)原則上要與先行詞保持一致，但要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：先行詞是“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但如有the very，the only，the first，the last，the right等修飾one時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.這是被問(wèn)過(guò)的最有意思的問(wèn)題之一。She is the only one of the girls who studies hard.她是這些女孩中唯一一個(gè)刻苦學(xué)習(xí)

8、的。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：19142025】We'll reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.三、使用關(guān)系代詞的注意事項(xiàng)1who可取代whom在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可省略。如果whom在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且介詞提前只能用whom。This is the pilot (who/whom) I bought

9、a camera for. This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera.這個(gè)就是我給他買照相機(jī)的飛行員。2whose既表示人又表示物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，往往修飾名詞，whose常表達(dá)“某人的、某物的”之意。whose表示物時(shí)，whose名詞the名詞of which。Please pass me the book whose cover(the cover of which) is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。3指物時(shí)用that而不用which的情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞為all，everything，nothing，anything，somethin

10、g，none，few，little，much等不定代詞時(shí)。All (that) the graduate lacks is practice.那位畢業(yè)生缺少的只是實(shí)踐。(2)當(dāng)先行詞被very，both，the only，all等修飾時(shí)。This is the only coat that I have.這是我擁有的唯一的外套。(3)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。This is the most attractive match that I have watched.這是我所看過(guò)的比賽中最吸引人的一場(chǎng)。(4)當(dāng)并列的兩個(gè)先行詞(分別表示人和物時(shí))被同一個(gè)從句修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用t

11、hat。She took photos of people and things (that) she was interested in.她給她所感興趣的人和物拍照。(5)主句是以who，which，what開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句一般用that引導(dǎo)，不用who或which。Who was the person that helped the girl out?幫助那個(gè)女孩擺脫困境的是誰(shuí)？(6)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用that。Your disease is not the case that it used to be.你的病已經(jīng)不是過(guò)去的情況了。4用as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的情

12、況(1)such名詞as.“像一樣的”Do you have such books as we like?你有我們喜歡的那種書(shū)嗎？(2)the same名詞as.“和同樣”It's the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.他/她就是我們昨天要找的人。(3)as形容詞名詞as.“像一樣的”She will marry as wealthy a man as she can find.她將嫁給一個(gè)她能找到的有錢人。5用“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況有時(shí)從句中的介詞可以提前到關(guān)系代詞之前，形成“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)系代詞可以用whi

13、ch，whose，whom，不可以用that。其選擇依據(jù)如下：(1)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞等的習(xí)慣搭配。I bought a great many books on which I spent all my money that I saved.我買了很多書(shū)，這些書(shū)花光了我所有的積蓄。(2)依據(jù)與先行詞的搭配。This is the camera with which he often takes photos.這就是他經(jīng)常用來(lái)拍照的相機(jī)。(3)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意義。This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.這就是救了我兒子的那位飛行員。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3用

14、適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.In our class there are 46 students，of whom half wear glasses.She is such a nice girl as we all like.四、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法關(guān)系副詞when，why，where在定語(yǔ)從句中分別代替表示時(shí)間、原因、地點(diǎn)的先行詞，并分別在從句中作時(shí)間、原因、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。另外關(guān)系副詞也可根據(jù)其在句中的搭配關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)

15、構(gòu)。關(guān)系副詞被代替的先行詞在從句中的作用when表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where表示地點(diǎn)的名詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why表示原因的名詞(只用reason)原因狀語(yǔ)We don't know the exact time when(at which) the English Evening will be held.我們不知道英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)舉行的確切時(shí)間。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))Is this the reason why(for which) he refused our offer?這就是

16、他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？(原因狀語(yǔ))名師點(diǎn)津先行詞是time的情況當(dāng)先行詞是time時(shí)，若time表示“次數(shù)”，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并且that可以省略；若time表示“一段時(shí)間”講，應(yīng)用when或“at/duringwhich”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。This is the second time (that) the president has visited the country.這是這位總統(tǒng)第二次訪問(wèn)這個(gè)國(guó)家。This is at a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets.這是在一

17、個(gè)沒(méi)有收音機(jī)，沒(méi)有電話，也沒(méi)有電視的時(shí)代。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練4用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.We don't know the reason why they didn't keep their promise.五、使用關(guān)系副

18、詞的注意事項(xiàng)1當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的the way時(shí)，從句不能用how來(lái)引導(dǎo)，應(yīng)該用that或in which，或省略不用。We admire the way (that/in which) he solved the problem.我們敬佩他解決這一問(wèn)題的方式。2表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞(case，scene，situation，condition，life，point等)作先行詞，且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。There are cases where(in which) the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.在一些情況下，m

19、ighty一詞可用作副詞。3occasion，period等作先行詞時(shí)，且從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，常用關(guān)系副詞when。There are occasions when(on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))即時(shí)訓(xùn)練5用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空Today we'll discuss some cases where parents have difficulty in communicating with their kids.The way that he looks at problems is wrong.Describe an occas

20、ion when you had to give a presentation to an audience.語(yǔ) 法 應(yīng) 用 落 實(shí).單句語(yǔ)法填空1That is the girl to whom you talked just now.2Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate?3Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.4I am looking

21、 forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.5It is the first American film that I've ever seen.6Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.7She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which/tha

22、t allows them to communicate freely with each other.8Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.9Do you know the reason why he was so sorry?10The English play in which my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.用限制性定語(yǔ)從句合并句子1I invited the boys.Some of