過去分詞作定語

1、.過去分詞作定語1. 單個(gè)過去分詞作定語, 通常前置a. 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，具有被動(dòng)和完成的意義。a broken cupa wounded soldieran unexpected guestthe excited crowd b. 不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，具有主動(dòng)和完成意義。a retired officerC. 合成的過去分詞a much-needed reformstate-owned enterprises2. 過去分詞短語作定語：通常后置，其作用相當(dāng)于定語從句。a letter written in pencil= a letter which was written in pen

2、cilthe machines produced last year過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別：1 語態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)注：不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞只有“完成”含義，而不表示被動(dòng)The falling leaves the fallen leaves2 時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，多表示“動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行”或“與謂語同時(shí)進(jìn)行”或“經(jīng)常性”。過去分詞作定語，則多表示分詞動(dòng)作“先于位于動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作” 或“ 沒有一定的時(shí)間性”1.Do you know the boy _(lie) under the big tree"2. “Cant you read&quo

3、t;” Mary said angrily _(point) to the notice.3 The woman _(sell) vegetables has gone.4.The wheat is watered by water _(bring) from a pond.5. He is a leader_ (respect) by the people.3 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(done)與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式(being done)都可以表示“被動(dòng)”，但前者多表示一個(gè)完成了的動(dòng)作，而后者則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.the problem discussed yesterdayThe probl

4、em being discussed 1. We lived in the house _built by my uncles_(我舅舅們修建的). 2. Any medicine _taken_(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble. 3. We spent two hours discussing the plan _made by her_ (她制定的). 4. _ (開水) 5. _ (一個(gè)破碎的茶杯) 6. three _ (受傷的士兵)1. Most of the people _invited to the pa

5、rty_(被邀請(qǐng)參加宴會(huì)的) were famous scientists. 2. Lessons _learned easily_ (易學(xué)的)are soon forgotten. * _Easily-learned_ (易學(xué)的) lessons are soon forgotten. 3. The computer center _opened/started_(開辦) last week is popular with the students .9. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than some st

6、ore prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying10. Mr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring分詞 分詞作定語 分詞作狀語 連詞+分詞(短語) 分詞作補(bǔ)語 分詞作表語 分詞作插入語 分詞的時(shí)態(tài) 分詞的語態(tài)1 分詞作定語 分詞前置We can see the rising sun. 我們可以看到東升的旭日He is a re

7、tired worker. 他是位退休的工人分詞后置 (i.分詞詞組；ii. 個(gè)別分詞如given, left； iii.)There was a girl sitting there.有個(gè)女孩坐在那里This is the question given. 這是所給的問題過去分詞作定語 與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.

8、In Africa there is a tribe called cannibal. People live on a small island surrounded by the sea. They have eaten up all the animals, plants and vegetables, so they want to eat everything. (過去分詞作后置定語)One day a father and his son saw a ship in distance coming towards them. Suddenly the wind began and

9、the ship sank. They heard, “ help, help.”They saw a beautiful girl lying on the beach. The shouted happily, “daddy, we have food now.” Then the father said, “ no, no, no, dont eat her, leave her to me. Lets eat your mother, because your mother is too ugly.”（現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語）典型例題 1) The first textbook _ fo

10、r teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 2）What's the language _ in Germany"A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speakWhat's the language (which is) spoken in German"1.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語我們剛剛講過過去分詞作定語，

11、這里再學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。我們前面曾經(jīng)將現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞統(tǒng)統(tǒng)稱為“動(dòng)詞的ing形式”，這里我們也無需過細(xì)地去分析它們的區(qū)別，大家只需知道：動(dòng)詞的ing形式首先表示“正在發(fā)生著”的動(dòng)作或行為；其次，要知道它表示的是主動(dòng)的含義，不是被動(dòng)的。示例1：The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere.(surprising作定語，修飾thing)示例2：The ball went towards a passing boat.(passing作定語，修飾boat)2.定語從句的繼續(xù)定語從句作為一種高級(jí)的表

12、達(dá)方式，同時(shí)作為拉長句子的手段，是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，所以，我們將不斷強(qiáng)化它的運(yùn)用。同時(shí)，我們也接觸到了定語從句的簡化方式，這里將進(jìn)行更為系統(tǒng)化的研究。請(qǐng)記?。憾ㄕZ從句的簡化必須符合一個(gè)根本條件：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語(作賓語時(shí)可以省略，但不能簡化)！如果具備了這個(gè)條件，便可以進(jìn)行簡化，而且，簡化后的形式在語言表達(dá)的水平上被視為高于定語從句。再請(qǐng)記住：符合簡化條件的定語從句是這樣簡化的：如果定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞中有be動(dòng)詞的各種形式，那么，砍掉關(guān)系代詞和be動(dòng)詞的各種形式就完成了；如果定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞中沒有be動(dòng)詞的各種形式，那么，需要把謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閕ng形式。示例1：The Wayle is a

13、small river which/that cuts across the park near my home.(由下面兩句話合并而來：The Wayle is a small river. It cuts across the park near my home.)簡化方式：The Wayle is a small river cutting across the park near my home.示例2：There were some people rowing on the river.(劃線部分作some people的定語，本身就是簡化式，我們可以把它還原為從句)從句形式：The

14、re were some people who were rowing on the river.示例3：Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat.從句形式：Some people on the bank called out to the man who was in the boat.Part III：綜合訓(xùn)練The Wayle is a small river (1) cuts across the park near my home. I like (2 sit) (3) the Wayle (4) fine a

15、fternoons. It was warm last Sunday, (5) I went (6) sat (7) the river bank (8) usual. Some children were playing games (9) the bank (10) there were some people (11) were rowing (12) the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball (13) hard (14) it went towards a (15 pass) boat. Some people (16

16、) the bank called out (17) the man (18) the boat, (19) he did not hear them. The ball (20 strike) the man (21) hard (22) he nearly fell (23) the water. The man turned to look at the children, (24) there werent any (25) sight. (26 see) (27) the ball had struck the man (28) the boat, they all ran away

17、. The man laughed (29) he realized what had happened. He called out (30) the children (31) (32 throw) the ball back (33) the bank.答案：(1) which/that; (2) sitting; (3) by; (4) on; (5) so; (6) and; (7) on; (8) as; (9) on; (10) and; (11) who; (12) on; (13) so; (14) that; (15) passing; (16) on; (17) to;

18、(18) in; (19) but; (20) struck; (21) so; (22) that; (23) into; (24) but; (25) in; (26) Seeing; (27) that; (28) in; (29) when; (30) to; (31) and; (32) threw; (33) toPart IV：句型轉(zhuǎn)換將下面句子進(jìn)行最大程度的合并：1. The Wayle is a small river. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.同位語非限制2. I like sitting by a sm

19、all river. This river cuts across the park near my home. 定語從句 非謂語3. It was warm last Sunday. I went and sat on the river bank as usual. 獨(dú)立主格4. Some children were playing games on the bank. There were some people. These people were rowing on the river.5. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball ve

20、ry hard. It went towards a passing boat. 6. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat. He did not hear them.7. The ball struck the man very hard. He nearly fell into the water. 8. The man turned to look at the children. There werent any in sight.9. The children saw that the ball had

21、struck the man in the boat. They all ran away. 10. The man laughed. He realized what had happened.11. He called out to the children. He threw the ball back to the bank.答案：1. The Wayle is a small river by which I like sitting on fine afternoons.2. I like sitting by a small river which cuts across the park near my hom