五種簡單句與七種句子成分

1、關于五種簡單句與七種句子成分現(xiàn)在學習的是第1頁，共15頁一、學習目標 1. 英語10大詞類及其在句子中的作用。 2. 簡單句的5種架構及7種句子成分?，F(xiàn)在學習的是第2頁，共15頁（一）英語中的10大詞類及作用 英語中只有三種句子！ 英語的句子就三種： 簡單句、并列句和復合句 學習簡單句，首先要知道詞類，因為簡單句是有一個一個的單詞構成的。 你知道英語的句子中包含多少詞類嗎？現(xiàn)在學習的是第3頁，共15頁1. 英語有多少詞類 英語共有10大詞類，它們分別是： 1. 名詞名詞（noun, 縮寫為n.）如：book, water 2. 代詞代詞（pronoun, 縮寫為pron.）如：I, us, o

2、urs, who. 3. 動詞動詞（verb, 縮寫為v.）如：come, write, bring 4. 形容詞形容詞（adjective, 縮寫為a.或adj.）如：clear 5. 副詞副詞（adverb, 縮寫為ad.或adv.）如：here, today 6. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞（numeral, 縮寫為num.）如: four, fourth 7. 介詞介詞（preposition, 縮寫為prep.）如：on, over 8. 連詞連詞（conjunction, 縮寫為conj.）如：and, or, as 9. 冠詞冠詞（article, 縮寫為art.）如：a, an, the 10.

3、 感嘆詞感嘆詞（interjection, 縮寫為int.）如: oh, ouch 以上1-6為實詞（national word），因為它們有實際意義；7-10為虛詞（form word）,也就是說，它們沒有實際意義。現(xiàn)在學習的是第4頁，共15頁 除以上10大詞類外，還有三張由短語構成的詞類： 1. 短語動詞（phrasal verb）: 如：get up, call on, take care of, get in touch 2. 短語介詞（phrasal preposition）: 如：because of, in front of, instead of 3. 短語連詞（phrasal

4、 conjunction）： 如：as if， even if, what if, as long as現(xiàn)在學習的是第5頁，共15頁考考你？ 這些縮寫的符號代表什么詞類？ 1. num. 2. adv. 3. pron. 4. prep. 5. art. 6. adj. 7. n. 8. int. 9. v. 10. conj.現(xiàn)在學習的是第6頁，共15頁詞類在句子中的主要功能例句名詞主語、賓語、賓補、表語、定語The paper factory lies in our city.代詞主語、定語、賓語、賓語All of our teachers love us.動詞謂語、賓補The teach

5、er let us do it again.形容詞定語、狀語、表語、補語This pretty girl thinks it right.副詞狀語、定語（少數(shù)表方位的詞）The workers here work very hard.數(shù)詞主語、定語、賓語、表語Three of them are eighteen now.介詞介詞+賓語，在句中做狀語或定語The girl of ten came here by bike.連詞連接兩個以上的簡單句He was reading when I came in.冠詞主要修飾名詞或少數(shù)形容詞A young man often helps the poor

6、.感嘆詞表示喜怒哀樂，在句中加強語氣Heavens! How silly you are!2. 英語10大詞類功能一覽表現(xiàn)在學習的是第7頁，共15頁試試看：錯在哪里？ 1. Everybody likes beautiful. 1. Everybody likes beauty. 2. Help the poor is our duty. 2. Helping the poor is our duty. 3. My friend Tom did very good in this exam. 3. My friend Tom did very well in this exam.現(xiàn)在學習的是第

7、8頁，共15頁3. 詞類學習中的“四個必知” 1) 名詞和代詞各有三個“格” 主格，賓格，所有格 1. My mother likes my sister and I very much. My mother likes my sister and me very much 2. This car isnt my. My car is over there. This car isnt mine. My car is over there.現(xiàn)在學習的是第9頁，共15頁2）動詞有四類，少數(shù)可兼用實義動詞（及物動詞和不及物動詞），系動詞，助動詞，情態(tài)動詞 Tom works in this fac

8、tory, and works a new machine. My uncle runs a big shop and often runs in front of it in the morning. These flowers smell good and we often smell them. The girl looks happy today and looks happily at everyone. You neednt buy a walkman but you need a new recorder. Her mother stays young and stays at

9、home every day. Do you often do your homework at home?1. Our manager hasnt come because she has a few guests to receive.現(xiàn)在學習的是第10頁，共15頁2）動詞有四類，少數(shù)可兼用實義動詞（及物動詞和不及物動詞），系動詞，助動詞，情態(tài)動詞 Tom works in this factory, and works a new machine. My uncle run a big shop and often runs in front of it in the morning.

10、These flowers smell good and we often smell them. The girl looks happy today and looks happily at everyone. You neednt buy a walkman but you need a new recorder. Her mother stays young and stays at home every day. Do you often do your homework at home?1. Our manager hasnt come because she has a few

11、guests to receive.現(xiàn)在學習的是第11頁，共15頁3）介詞之后要接賓語及物動詞接賓語，不及物動詞加上相應的介詞后也可接賓語 My uncle lives Beijing. My uncle lives in Beijing. 2. I lost my pen yesterday but I didnt find.1. I lost my pen yesterday but I didnt find it.現(xiàn)在學習的是第12頁，共15頁4）連接句子的是連詞，不是介詞和副詞連詞才能連接句子，副詞和介詞則不能 He has saved a lot of money in order

12、he can use it in the future. He has saved a lot of money in order that he can use it in the future. He has saved a lot of money in order to use it in the future. He has saved a lot of money so as to use it in the future. He has saved a lot of money so that he can use it in the future.現(xiàn)在學習的是第13頁，共15頁

13、考考你？ 1. My uncle lives Beijing. 1. My uncle lives in Beijing. 2. I lost my pen yesterday but I didnt find. 2. I lost my pen yesterday but I didnt find it. 3. Theres a new car in front of his sister and he. 3. Theres a new car in front of his sister and him. 4. Tom speaks Chinese as good as we. 4. Tom speaks Chinese as well as we. 5. He didnt come here because of he was ill. 5. He didnt come here because he was ill. 6.