祥林嫂與苔絲性格的對(duì)比

1、廣西工學(xué)院鹿山學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文題目：祥林嫂與苔絲性格的對(duì)比系 別：外國(guó)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)系專業(yè)班級(jí)：科英L082姓 名: 涂珊學(xué) 號(hào)： 20082197指導(dǎo)教師：黃錦華職 稱：教授二O 二年 月 日AcknowledgementsThrough my preparation for the writing of this thesis, I have received kind help and valuable instructions and suggestions from many people. My hearty thanks first go as to my teacher and supe

2、rvisor, Mr. Huang Jinhua. He has given me the most valuable instructions and referential material before and during my actual writing, and has spent much precious time reading and revising the manuscript of this thesis every time. Deeply impressed by his kindness and strict style, I believe his infl

3、uence upon me will be everlasting.In addition, my second thanks go as to my parents who give me a lot of support.Lastly, I would like to thank my lovely roommates. Without their help, I can not finish this thesis on time.AbstractThis thesis analyzes and compares the character of Xianglin's wife

4、who is the heroine of LXun' sshort story “ theblessing a”nd Tess who is the heroine of the critical and realistic writer Hardy 'slong novel “ Tessof the D'Urbervilles E”ve.n though they were oppressed by the same feudal thoughts, XiangLing 's wife was relatively spineless while Tess

5、was braver to fight against feudal society. In addition, the thesis also explores their destinies and survival concepts in different social background, which can help readers, have a better understanding of the content and theme of the two works.Keywords : XiangLin 's wife, Tess, character, comp

6、arison.摘要分析比較了魯迅短篇小說(shuō)祝福中的女主人公祥林嫂與英國(guó) 19 世紀(jì)批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家哈代的長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)德伯家的苔絲中的女主人公苔絲的性格。雖然同樣受盡封建主義的壓迫，但是祥林嫂相較而言較為軟弱，而苔絲卻勇于抗?fàn)幏饨ㄉ鐣?huì)。此外，文章還探討了她們命運(yùn)的共性，以及不同制度下中西方女 性生存觀念的差異，使讀者能更好地理解兩部作品的內(nèi)涵和主題。關(guān)鍵詞：祥林嫂 苔絲 性格 比較ContentsAcknowledgements錯(cuò). 誤 !未定義書(shū)簽。Abstract i.i摘要 iiiContents i.v1. Introduction 錯(cuò). 誤!未定義書(shū)簽。1.1 The social back

7、ground 21.2 The family background 32. A comparison of their character 42.1 Industrious XiangLin 's wife and kind Tess4.2.2 Two unchaste women5.2.3 The coward giving in to adversity and the rebel fighting bravely 7.3. A social tragedy and a human tragedy1.0.4. Summary 1.2.5. Conclusion 1.3.Biblio

8、graphy 1.4.A Comparison between XiangLin's wife and Tess1. IntroductionMr. Lu Xun in China and Mr. Hardy in Britain both are great realistic novelists. Lu Xun and Hardy regarded human nature and social conflicts as a realistic foundation of tragedy art. In th“e the blessing a”nd the “Tess of the

9、 D'Urbervilles two wr”ite,rs both have shaped two women 's images successfully, and those two Chinese and western women have not only a lot of common points in their character but also many differences. According to the shackles of feudal ethical code imposed on women, XiangLin 's wife s

10、howed her taming and subservience. However, facing patriarchal tradition and Christian concept, Tess proposed her questions and rebellion. This totally different reaction also reflects different features between Chinese and western culture.Tess of the D'Urbervilles is a masterpiece created by Th

11、omas Hardy who is a famous novelist and poet in Britain. It is universally acknowledged that this novel is also one of the Hardy 's most outstanding works. Tess in the novel has deeply touched the hearts of countless readers, which is not only owing to that people have higher thinking of standar

12、d of traditional virtues, but also becausethe heroine has all the good quality and great power in her deep soul which make her become one of the most affecting women image. With the background of capitalist development hitting individual peasant economy in Britain, the article reflects a rural girl

13、's short and tragic life truly.Through describing the tragic life sufferance of XiangLin 's wife, the novel The Blessing reflects social conflicts in China after the XinHai revolution, reveals profoundly ravage and persecution to workwomen by landed class, demonstrates the androphagous quali

14、ty of feudal ethical code, and points out the necessity of struggling against feudalism utterly. XiangLin 's wife was a poor peasant woman who suffered from squeezeof feudal ethics. After her husband's death, the cruel mother-in-law decided to sell her out. Thus, she was forced to flee to Lu

15、 town, and then became a helper suffering a lot of disdain and mistreatment in home of Lu Si master. However, she was grabbed by her mother-in-law soon and was sold to marry with a peasant He . He Lao liu is a simple and honest farmer, and soon they have a son named A Mao. Eventually, XiangLin '

16、s wife lived in a stable life. However, the destiny is changeable. With suffering so much ruin imposed by landlord both from the physical and the mental, He Lao liu died soon with grief. Not long, their son A Mao was eaten by wolves. Subjecting to such double blows, XiangLin 's wife felt disappo

17、inted and despondent just like losing her soul. But, people said she was guilty of having remarried and she should donate threshold to expiate her sins, or she would suffer in the “underworld”. With undergoing all conceivable hardships, XiangLin's wife accumulated enough money to donate the thre

18、shold but still could not get rid of people's discrimination. At last, she begged along streets, and then on the New Year's Eve, she died in the streets with the sound of firecrackers. In the bloody and weeping accusation, the article gives a strong whip to the suffering of the working peopl

19、e in old society, especially to the feudal ethical code. Through describing the tragic life of XiangLin 's wife, the article also expresses theauthor's sympathy towards oppressedwomen in old society and his ruthless exposure of the feudal ethics and feudal ideas.1.1 The social backgroundXian

20、gLin 's wife and Tess both were working women in rural areas. XiangLin 's wife was the rural working woman who lived in Chinese village located in south river in the early 20th century when the XinHai revolution broke out.After the XinHai revolution, even though the imperial regime had been

21、overthrown, the political system was replaced by the landlord classes'bureaucratic and warlord rule. Therefore, the basis of feudal society hadn't been completely destroyed. The majority of Chinese people, especially farmers were becoming more and more impoverished. They lived in a hunger an

22、d cold life, and the religious concept and feudal ethical code were still spiritual pressure in the heads of the Chinese people. Through describing the tragic life sufferance of XiangLin 's wife, the novel The Blessing reflects social conflicts in China after the XinHai revolution, reveals profo

23、undly ravage and persecution to workwomen by landlord class, demonstrates the androphagous quality of feudal ethical code, and points out the necessity of struggling against feudalism utterly. Tess was a rural girl who lived in the agricultural area of southwest England in the late 19th century. In

24、the mid-19th century, British industrial civilization of capitalism penetrated to the countryside, and Hardy's hometown was also subjected to a strong impact. The patriarchal society system of his hometown disintegrated rapidly, thus, in the aspect of economy, individual farmers were driven to m

25、iserable life with unemployment and poverty. In the Tess of the D'Urbervilles , Hardy described the whole picture of the impact towards villages created byindustrial civilization of that time. And then, the author treated the Tess family as a microcosm of individual farmers at that time to prese

26、nt profoundly people's pain and misery in the struggle of material adversity.1.2 The family BackgroundWhen she was a girl, XiangLin 's wife became other's child bride. However, she didn't expect that her husband who was ten or more years younger than her died of illness, and then her

27、 mother-in-law sold her out to her husband's brother for exchanging bride in deep and old forest. In comparison, Tess's parent had seven children. Her father was a drunk and very irresponsible, and her family had no house, no possessions, even the only horse they depended on had died after a

28、 not long time. In order to support the whole family's life, Tess went to find her origin, but suffered other's insulting. And then, she was forced to be the mistress of her enemy just for the survival of her family. The poverty life and troubled destiny experience indicated that XiangLin

29、9;s wife and Tess were bound to have the same miserable ending.2. A comparison of their character2.1 Industrious XiangLin 's wife and kind TessIn Mr. Lu Xun's novel The Blessing, the article shaped XiangLin 's wife as a typical rural working woman in old China who was industrious and sim

30、ple while under the greatest pressure of feudal ethical code. In old society, feudal ethical code oppressed women a lot. When XiangLin 's wife came to Master Lu Si family at first, Lu Xun described her with the following sentences: she looked very suitable, though, with big strong feet and hands

31、; her hair was tied with white bands. She wore a black skirt, blue jacket and pale green bodice, and was about twenty-six, with a pale skin but rosy cheeks. Even though Lu Xun didn't use a lot of words to describe XiangLin's wife, his few strokes had showed us a very clean， fresh and cool，si

32、mple and healthy rural woman whose image was very prominent and vivid. XiangLin 's wife obeyed the dictating of parents and words of matchmakers. Therefore, she got married with Xiang Lin who was ten years younger than her and lived depending on gathering firewood. As the first daughter-in-law,

33、XiangLin 's wife was nothing but just a horse bought from market and can speak in the eyes of her mother-in-law. XiangLin 's wife had a very strong and big hands and feet. She did not lazy at all, and she always tried her best to work even though it was very hard to do. It can be said that X

34、iangLin 's wife was more industrious than an industrious man. XiangLin's wife enjoyed the happiness of labor work, and she lived in the happiness of being industrious. However, it was unfortunate that Xiang Lin had died within a not long time, and almost at the same time, XiangLin 's wif

35、e was becoming the inauspicious widow and got a sin of dirty and unclean.In Hardy 's writing, beautiful Tess was described as a microcosm of rural women who were tied deeply by feudal ethical code as well as unfair social and legal constrains in the late period of Victorian England. Tess's b

36、eauty was astonishing. She looked really beautiful and dignified. Her mouth was just like a pretty flower, and her eyes were very big and gentle. From her appearance of a 16-year-old, people still can see Tess's different image in different stages of her childhood. Tess grew up in a family with

37、a lot of hardship and difficulties. Her parents hold a kind of shiftless attitude towards daily life. Tess's father was a type of so-called “l(fā)oose bones”people in local area. He was not like casual workers who were accustomed to the regular labor. And he always drunk a lot to be too faint to go

38、anywhere, even to the market place. On the other hand, Tes'ss mother just devoted herself to washing clothes all day long. Tess once had gone to village school, and her academic performance was on the top of her class. However, owing to her poverty family, Tess was forced to leave school. Then s

39、he went to neighbo'rs farmland to help make hay and get in the crops, or help to milk a cow and make butter. Eventually, the burden of family supporting had increasingly been taken by young Tess's shoulder. One day, when Tess took her fathe'sr place driving to deliver things, she collide

40、d and killed the family 's only livelihood that is, the old horse which pulled a cart. In order to maintain the family 's life, Tess had to obey her mother 's arrangement to go to find a replacement in the rich Arrack 'hsome. Unexpectedly, because of Tes's lack of life experience

41、, she was cheated by Arrack and lost her virginity. In another word, a woman was possessedby an inappropriate man. Therefore, Tess almost became an unclean and complex woman all of a sudden from a pure and innocent girl in this way.2.2 Two unchaste womenWhether XiangLin 's wife who was a widow o

42、r Tess who was no longer a virgin, they both were tied cruelly by feudal ethical code and feudal patriarchal social system, even though they lived in different times; they had different cultures and customs; they used different languages; they belonged to two completely different social systems of t

43、wo countries respectively. In comparison with the character before being a widow or losing virginity, they faced a chasm that was not bridgeable. Thus, the tragedy of their life had begun since then. XiangLin 's wife lived in the semi-feudal and semi-colonial old China, in which rural labor wome

44、n were shackled by feudal ethical code that advocated the three obedience and four virtues imposed on women. Their marriage required “single-mindedness”and “one girl can not be married with two husbands ”in addition to listening to dictates of parents and words of matchmakers, or they would be“uncle

45、an and dirty”and tarnish social customs. At this circumstance, they would also suffer people 's contempt and social abandonment.Tess lived in a British village in which the tentacles of capitalism had not extended there yet, so the feudal ethical code and traditional Christian doctrine in feudal

46、 times still shackled people 's thought seriously. At that time, British women treated tameness, timid conformist, obedience to all rules，resigning to adversity and religious belief as virtues. In their mind, marriage was a prize for people who have good virtues from god, and the bride needed to

47、 be a virgin. XiangLin's wife with her hair tying some white bands and a pale skin but rosy cheeks came to Master Lu Si home to be a helper. In the eyes of Master Lu Si, even though people like XiangLin 's wife seemed to be very miserable, they also tarnished social customs. They can be a he

48、lper, but there was no place for them in the worship because they were too dirty that ancestors would not eat their food. Master Lu Si was a representative figure who promoted the feudal ethical code. He hated and looked down upon XiangLin 's wife who was an unfortunate widow, and cursed her as

49、“absurd”. However, when he had seen the performance of XiangLin 's wife labor, he thought she had great energy and power regardless of her culinary skill, while she was just pleasing to the eye, and she can not do more in worship. In order to possess the labor of XiangLin 's wife, Master Lu

50、Si pressed her to stay to be a helper. Thus, in the end of a year, XiangLin 's wife took all the work by herself, such as sweeping dust, washing floors, killing chickens, slaughtering geese, and cooking the blessing ceremony thoroughly.However, XiangLin 's wife just intended to live with suc

51、h law-abiding and supporting independence. Therefore, her corners of the mouth had some smile and her face become whiter and fatter. When XiangLin 's wife who was widowed again and had lost her child appearedin Lu's family, her hair was still tied with white bands. Her face was sallow，her sk

52、in was pale, her cheeks had lost redness, eyes had tear stains and vision was not so spiritual than before. The changes of XiangLin 's wife were caused by her mother-in-law. In order to raise money for another son's marriage, her mother-in-law even tied up XiangLin's wife who was in wido

53、whood and forced her to be sold to others, which had pushed down XiangLin 's wife who was treated as a sloppy and unfortunate person into a more miserable abyss. It also added tragic color to the grieved life of XiangLin 's wife. In the Semi-feudal and semi-colonial China, social laws kept a

54、 blind eye to the violence of her mother-in-law. However, feudal ethical code let the victim XiangLin 's wife to bear the big sin of marrying two husbands for a woman. Despite the time of ancestors worship in the winter solstice had come and XiangLin 'wisfe had done more to contribute hersel

55、f, the shouting of Mrs. Lu Si, that is “just put it down! XiangLin 'wsife ”, made XiangLin 'wsife draw back her hand which was ready to get the cup just like being hurt by hot pillar. At the same time, her face changed into dark. To some extent, the shouting was the cruelest bondageof feudal

56、 ethical code towards XiangLin 'wsife. It was the abandon of feudal society towards her that had made XiangLin 'wsife lost her own independent life. She was expelled from the Lu's family. She told people about her misery story again and again. However, in the eyes of secularity， her sorr

57、ow had already becomeboring waste.The priest s s'on Angle loved Tess a lot. However, on their wedding night, when the innocent Tess confessed his past in front of Angle, Angle immediately felt that the very pure, young and beautiful rural girl Tess whose face had been marked with girl 's pur

58、ity and nobleness in his heart became a yokelish woman who pretended to be innocent and was guilty in reality. All of this made Angle breed an aversion mood to Tess in the heart and also made his firing love towards Tess become ashes. Angle can not accept Tess who had some stains and even despised h

59、er for she had become other's woman. In order to maintain the dignity of the Victorian feudal ethics and the feudal Christian doctrine, Angle abandoned Tess, and then he went to Brazil all by himself. Even though Tess was lack of life experience, she felt that she had been treated unfairly when

60、she thought about felling on this adversity. When Innocent Tess suffered from violence, the feudal ethical code of the Victorian era not only tolerated the real and evil criminal, but also put on the cloak of the priest for him. The poor Tess was seen as an immoral, unchaste and sinful woman suffering from cold abandonment of the feudal society.2.3 The coward giving in to adversity and the rebel fighting bravelyXiangLin 'wsife and Tess were both trying to get rid of the suffering, and to seek a new hop