仁愛版英語七年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語語法知識(shí)總結(jié)

1、七年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語語法一、there be1. there be句型(一)(1)句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：there be(is/are)碟物/某人+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間(介詞短語)，意為 某處/ 某地有某人或某物”，表示存在的一種狀態(tài),句中 be動(dòng)詞的選擇由其后面的名詞確定.有 兩種句式：There is +單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+介詞短語。There are +名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式+介詞短語。be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞如果是由and連接的幾個(gè)名詞時(shí).be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)遵循就近原則，即 與鄰近名詞的數(shù)保持一致。(2)there be結(jié)構(gòu)的否定句直接在be動(dòng)詞后面加not。(3)there be結(jié)構(gòu)的疑問形式直接把be動(dòng)詞提前，句末加問號(hào)。肯定回

2、答： Yes, there is/are.否定回答：No, there isn't/aren't .-Are there any books about Chinese history? 有關(guān)于中國歷史的書嗎？-Yes.there are./No,there aren't. 是的，有。/不，沒有。-Is there a computer in your study?你的書房有電腦嗎？-Yes,there is, /No, there isn't. 是的，有。/不,沒有。2. there be句型(二)(1)針又t there be結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞提問，常常用what&

3、#39;s+地點(diǎn)狀語，名詞無論是單數(shù)形式還 是復(fù)數(shù)形式，be動(dòng)詞都用is,且常省略there。如：There is a desk in the room.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)房間里有張桌子。What's in the room? 房間里面有什么？教室里有許多學(xué)生There are many students in the classroom （對(duì)畫線部分提問）_ 教室里面有什么?(2)針又t there be結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的數(shù)量提問，用how many或how much提問，后面要緊 跟這個(gè)名詞.如：There' s a coat on the bed(對(duì)畫線部分提問)在床上有一件衣

4、服。How many coats are there on the bed?在床上有多少件衣月艮？There' re some meat in the bowl?(對(duì)畫線部分提)在碗里有一些肉。在碗里有多少肉?3. there be句型(三)there be與have(has)勺用法區(qū)另U：there be句型表示“某處/某時(shí)有某物或某人"，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在，但 have表 示“某人或某物有”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是擁有或占有，即某物或某人與主語是所屬關(guān)系，但有時(shí) 它們也可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。二、時(shí)態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(常與頻度副詞 never,?seldom,?sometimes,?often

5、,usual|yi用)?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示：？(1)現(xiàn)在所處的狀態(tài)。Jane?is?at?school.?(2)經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。I?often?go?to?school?by?bus.?(3)主語具備的Ii格和能力。He?likes?playing?football.?(4)客觀真理。The?earth?goes?round?the?sun.?常用的時(shí)間狀語：often,?always,?usually,?sometimes,?every?day等。?行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞是 do/don '和does/doesn ' t.當(dāng)主語是第一、二人稱和所有復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，行為動(dòng)詞用

6、原形 。？肯定式：I?go?to?school?on?foot.?否定式：I?don' t?go?to?school?on?foot.?疑問式：Do you go to school on foot? ?Yes,?I?do.?-No,?I?don ' t.?當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，在詞尾加 -s或-eso ?肯定式：He?goes?to?work?by?bus.?否定式：He?doesn>t?go?to?work?by?bus.?疑問式： Does he go to work by bus? Yes, he doesNo, he doesn'

7、; t.重點(diǎn)句型？一How do you usually come to school? I usually come to school by subway.一How often do you go to the library? Once/Twice/Three times a week/Very often/Ever y day/Selgo?to on?foot=?walk?to? ?I?often?go?to?school?on?foot.?=I?often?walk?to?school.? ?go?to by?bike?=?ride?a?bike?to?go?to by?car?=?

8、drive?a?car?to?go?to by?plane?=?fly?tQ?go?to by?bus?=?take?a?bus?to?2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與 now, at the moment, look, listen詞 語或者短語連用。結(jié)構(gòu)： 語+be(is,am,are)硼在分詞。如：Mary is having lunch with her parents now.瑪麗正和她的父母起吃午餐。They are doing their homework at home.他們正在家里做家庭作業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的肯定、否定和疑問式 ？肯定式：I?am?runn

9、ing.? You?are?running.? ?He/She?is?running.?否定式：I ' mOt?running.?You?arn' ?Tunning.?He/She?is/_Running.?一般疑問句及回答：一Are you running? Yes, I am./ No, I am not. Is he/she running? Yes, he/she is./ No. he/shesn ' t.動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：一般在詞尾加-ing。如：drink-drinking以不發(fā)音字母 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去 e, 再力口 ingo 如： make-

10、making close-closing have-having以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再 力口 ing。 如：sit-sitting begin-beginning shop-shopping三.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形can能力（體力，智力，技能）/允許或許可（口語中常用）/可能性can和could可能"，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can'語氣強(qiáng)，用于肯定、否定、 疑問句中。Can he be in the office now? No, he can' t be there, for I s

11、aw him in the library jus（語氣很強(qiáng)，常用于疑問句和否定句中）must必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）：must肯定，一定”語氣強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。例如： He must be a man from America.You must obey the traffic rules.should 應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）/本該（含有責(zé)備意味）will意愿，決心請(qǐng)求，建議，用在問句中 would比較委婉 will not/won ' t do四.數(shù)詞數(shù)詞有兩種：1 .表示數(shù)目的詞叫基數(shù)詞，如 one, two, three, four等；2 .表示順序的詞叫序數(shù)詞，如 fir

12、st, second third , fourth等，使用序數(shù)詞時(shí)前面必須 加the,但之前有this/that /my等限五.常用的表達(dá)方式1 .表示時(shí)間的介詞用法in用于一段時(shí)間。如年份、季節(jié)、月份等。如：in 2012 在 2012 in spring 在春季 in February在二月(2)on用于具體的某一天或某一個(gè)特定的上午、下午或晚上。如：on Saturday 在星期六on October lst, 2012 在 2012 年 10 月 1 日on a rainy morning在個(gè)下雨天的早晨(3)at用于具體的時(shí)刻。如：at 7:30在7:30(4)些固定搭配。如： at

13、 night ,at noon , in the morning/afternoon/evening2 .介詞用法小結(jié)(l)in意為 在里"。如：The boxes are in the drawer盒子在抽屜里。(2)on意為 在(表面)上如：The fork is on the plate叉在盤子上。(3)behind 意為 在后面"。如：What can you see behind the chair?(4)under意為 在下”。如：What's under the bed?床下面是什么？(5)near意為 在附近”。如：My home is near a

14、 booksho成家在書店附近。(6)next to意為 挨近，靠近"。如：Who is sitting next to you?誰坐在你旁邊？(7)in front of意為 在前面”。如：There is a big tree in front of the garage.在車庫的前面有一棵大樹。(8)in the center of 意為 在中心"。如：There is a park in the center of the city. 在城市的中心有一個(gè)公園。(9)on the left/right of 意為 在左邊/右邊如：Tom sits on the lef

15、t of Jack,湯姆坐在杰克的左邊。(10)at the back of意為 在后面”。如：Who is that boy sitting at the back of the classroom# 在教室后面的男孩是誰?3 .特殊疑問詞小結(jié)(l)what意為什么如：what class什么班級(jí) what time 幾點(diǎn) what color什么顏色what kind of什么種類的 what day星期幾which+n.意為 哪一個(gè)(些)(3)問方式及狀況：how問數(shù)量多少：how many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)how much+不可數(shù)名詞問多少錢：how much+ -般疑問句(4)問頻率：H

16、ow often+ -般疑問句，意為 多久一次(5)問多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間或物體有多長(zhǎng)：how long(6)問年齡：how old(7)問多遠(yuǎn) /多高/多寬 how far/high/tall/wide(8)問原因：why(9)問地點(diǎn)：where(10)問何時(shí)：when(11)問是誰who4 .問路與指路的表達(dá)方式(l)問路的表達(dá)方式：Is there anearby/near here?Where is.?Can you tell me the way to.?Could you tell me how to get to.?How can I get to:.?Which is the way to

17、.?(2)指路的表達(dá)方式：go down/along the street go straight tum left/righton the right/leftThere is a. on the left/right5 . how long, how far 與 how often 的用法(l)how long意為 多久”，常常對(duì)一段時(shí)間提問。如：You can keep the book for a week (對(duì)畫線部分提問)你能借這本書一周。我能借這本書多久?(2)how far意為 多遠(yuǎn)”，常常對(duì)表示距離的詞提問。如：It is five kilometers away from

18、here to my school (對(duì)畫線部分提問)從這到學(xué)校有 5從這兒到你學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)?(3)how often意為多久一次”，常常對(duì)表示頻率的詞提問。表示頻率的詞有：always, never, seldom, often, usually, every day, once/twice a week 等。如：He等en goes to the park.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)他經(jīng)常去公園。他多久去一次公園?巧辯異同？1. a?few與few?a?few?匚些”，few很少，幾乎沒有”，修飾可數(shù)名詞。？ ? ? a?little與little a?little 一些"，little很

19、少，幾乎沒有”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。？2. talk,?say,?speakf tell?(1) talk交談”，表示通過談話方式交換意見、消息等。(2) speak說話”，強(qiáng)調(diào)開口發(fā)聲，后常接某種語言。(3) say說"，強(qiáng)調(diào)所說的話的內(nèi)容。(4) tell告訴”，有時(shí)兼含 囑咐“命令”等。tell?a?truth說真話，tell?a?lie說謊,？tell?a?story耕故事等固定搭配。？拓展：go+v.-ing表示去做某事： go fishing去釣魚 go shoppin睢購物 go boating去戈U船范例作文My School LifeHi! I am Li Ping.

20、I ' rfourteen years old. I come from a small village of Fujian. I am a student of Class 5, Grade 7. My School life is very interesting. Class begins at 7:45a.m. I have five classes in the morning. In the afternoon, I often have three classes. We learn Chinese, English, math, history, biology, geography, politics, physics and so on. I like P.E. best. Because having sports is good for us. Sometimes, I go to the school library. In my spare time, I often p