被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解

1、初中被動(dòng)語態(tài)語法講解主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句所遵循的4個(gè)步驟：1、把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語2、把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be+過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化,而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。3、原主動(dòng)句的主語如需要?jiǎng)t放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。4、其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。（一）語態(tài)分類英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài).，主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表小主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.（主動(dòng)）Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.（被動(dòng)）漢語中常

2、用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動(dòng)，而英語用：助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。（二）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式完全一樣。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+done一般過去時(shí)：was/were+done一般將來時(shí)：shall/will+bedone一般過去將來時(shí)：should/would+bedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+being+done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+being+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+been+done過去完成時(shí)：had+been+done將來完成時(shí)：shall/will+hav

3、ebeen+done過去將來完成時(shí)：should/would+havebeen+done注被動(dòng)語態(tài)沒有將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2. 一般過去時(shí)：(1)The

4、yagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.(2)Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten3. 一般將來時(shí)：(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillb

5、egiventoschool-leavers.4. 過去將來時(shí)：(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEngl

6、ishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6 .過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmigh

7、tbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.8 .過去完成時(shí)：(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.(2) Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsid

8、eredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader(四)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.(五)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用1

9、 .當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by短0“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2 .突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3 .當(dāng)漢語句子的主語既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用in+名詞作狀語，而代替by短語。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.（六）主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法（1） Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主語謂語賓語f

10、Iwasinvited（bymyaunt）toherdinnerparty.主語謂語賓語（2） Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.fAspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.1 .把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。2 .把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原旬保持一致。3 .把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，放在被動(dòng)語態(tài)里謂語動(dòng)詞之后，by短語可以省略。如果原句主語是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中用in+地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語。（七）語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題1 .把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)?/p>

11、被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.（正確）Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.（錯(cuò)誤）2 .含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)何時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語為主語時(shí)比較多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接賓語（指物）改為主語，則在間接賓語（指人）前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上旬還可以說：Apresentwas

12、giventomeyesterday.注意：1.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to,如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。（1） Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.（2） Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1) Anewskirtwasmadef

13、orme.(2) Themeatwascookedforus.(3) Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.3 .由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動(dòng)詞有：不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞，如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物動(dòng)詞+副詞：如：bring

14、about,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather4 .帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。如：(1) Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.fTheclassroomisalwayske

15、ptclean.(2)Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.fWeweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,fee等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to,但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后都帶to,這時(shí)不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語，也就是說不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語不存在省略to的問題。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.fHeisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.5 .當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語是nobody,noone等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中

16、將其變?yōu)閍nybody,作by的賓語,并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語態(tài)。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.誤：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.6 .當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing,nobody,noon蚱主語，并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語態(tài)。如：Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.誤：Anythinghasn'

17、tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.7 .以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用bywhom放在旬首：Whowrotethestory?誤：Whowasthestorywritten?正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?8 .有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表小主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表小被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：(1)Thecl

18、othwasheseasily.這布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。對(duì)比：Thebookssellwell.(主動(dòng)句)Thebooksweresoldout.被動(dòng)旬)Themeatdidntcookwell.(主動(dòng)句)Themeatwascookedforalongtime.被動(dòng)旬)9 .下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：第一,感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。(1)Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverys

19、oft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二,謂語是及物動(dòng)詞leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,ow等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.誤：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.誤：Herhandwashadburned.第三，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addup10。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.誤：Thefirewasbro