第四講 中考英語閱讀理解邏輯推理性題目解題方法及練習(xí)

1、第四講中考英語閱讀理解邏輯推理性題目解題方法及練習(xí)這種題目有一定難度,往往不能直接從文中找到答案,而必須根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系或?qū)φ恼逻M(jìn)行深層理解后,才能找到答案。有時(shí)甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的意圖、態(tài)度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,才能獲得正確答案。應(yīng)從情節(jié)所提供的基本事實(shí)出發(fā),尋找一定規(guī)律,如:時(shí)間關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等作為推理根據(jù)。下面我們一起來看一篇文章,希望你先做完然后再看分析。Passage 1Are you carrying too much on your back at school? Youre not alone. Back experts in

2、the United States are worried that young students are having back and neck problems as a result of carrying too much in their backpacks (schoolbags.“It hurts my back when I run,”said Oberlin Reyes, a student in Virginia. “Its hard to get up the stairs with my backpack, because its too heavy.”O(jiān)berlin

3、 is among students whose backpacks were weighed for a week in a recent study.They had regular backpacks with two straps (帶子 to carry them, but a number of students with heavy loads had switched to rolling backpacks (which have wheels and can roll on the ground.Shirley Park, whose backpack weighed 10

4、 kilograms, said she changed to a rolling backpack because she was starting to have back pain.How much is too much? Experts say students should carry no more than 10 to 15 percent of their own body weight.A few students had one suggestion to lighten the load: less homework.P.S. (附 Doctors suggestion

5、:Lighten the load. Clean out binders (活頁材料 and take home only the books you need that night.Wide straps are better. They send out the weight over your shoulders more evenly (均勻. And be sure to wear both straps rather than hanging the pack over one shoulder.Pack smart. The heavier things should be pa

6、cked closed to the back.Bend both knees when you pick up the pack, and dont just bend over at the waist (腰.1. “_”is the main idea of the text.A.The problem of backpacks is worth studyingB.The problem made by heavy backpacksC.What is the best backpack for a studentD.How to make studentsbackpacks ligh

7、t2. According to Enderlin Reyes and Shirley Park, we know _.A.students have to do too much homeworkB.backpacks have to carry heavy backpacksC.backpacks without wheels are bad for studentsD.too much homework leaves students no free time3.The expression “switched to” in the text perhaps means _.A. sta

8、rted to useB. turned toC. caught upD. used for4. According to the passage, its better for a student of 40 kilograms to carry a backpack of _ at most by the words of experts.A. 10 kgB. 8 kgC. 6 kgD. 7 kg5.If students follow the doctors suggestions they _.A.may lighten their backpacksB.can learn how t

9、o help themselvesC.may feel their backpacks are lighterD.will know how to wear backpacksPassage 1【答案與解析】這篇短文反映了學(xué)生書包過重這一引發(fā)人們思考的生活現(xiàn)實(shí)。書包過重引起了學(xué)生身體的不適。文中引用了幾位學(xué)生對(duì)沉重書包的感想和體會(huì),有的學(xué)生甚至還在書包上安裝了輪子。專家認(rèn)為書包重量不應(yīng)超過學(xué)生體重的10%-15%。學(xué)生則認(rèn)為減少作業(yè)量才能徹底解決這一問題。為了減小過重書包對(duì)學(xué)生身體造成的傷害,短文最后還附了醫(yī)生的四點(diǎn)建議。1.D。根據(jù)首段末句及所附醫(yī)生的建議可知選項(xiàng)D乃是文章主旨。2.A。短文

10、前兩句是本題答案之所在。3.A。根據(jù)該詞組所在句子及上下文意思,“許多學(xué)生使用帶有輪子,可在地上滾動(dòng)的書包”可以推測選項(xiàng)A的解釋合乎文意。4.C。專家建議學(xué)生書包重量應(yīng)在他本人體重的10% 和15%之間。所以一個(gè)體重為40千克的學(xué)生所背書包的重量應(yīng)是6千克。5. C。顯然,專家所提四項(xiàng)建議的目的是讓學(xué)生的書包輕一些?，F(xiàn)在我們來總結(jié)一下邏輯推理性閱讀理解題常見題干:1.From the story we know that_.2. We can infer (推斷 from the story that_.3.According to the writer, _.4.In the passage

11、 the writer tries to tell us that _.5. Which of the following is the writers attitude(態(tài)度?6. From the text we can guess the writers team is_.7. According to the story , what would happen next?8.The writer suggests(暗示 that _.9.The writer wants to prove (證明 that_.10. Which of the following is implied(暗

12、示 in the passage?11. The writer doesnt agree that _.12. We may infer that during the summer holiday _.希望你能記住這些題干的含義,掌握分析的方法,還有一點(diǎn)需要說明,在做這類題關(guān)鍵是對(duì)整篇文章的理解,遇到個(gè)別生詞不要強(qiáng)求理解具體含義,可以根據(jù)上下文理解整句的含義。下面有兩篇練習(xí),你可以根據(jù)我們的講解測驗(yàn)一下自己有沒有收獲。I have loved my mothers desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as

13、Mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the worldYears later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. But the desk,” shed said ag

14、ain, “ is for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional.” But she lived “ on the surface”.As

15、 years passed and I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little int

16、erest and, finally, peace, it seemed that nothing happened.I couldnt be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told me, as she had never been able to, that she was please

17、d that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.( 1.The pas

18、sage shows that _.A. Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterB. Mother was too serious about everything her daughter had doneC. Mother cared much about her daughter in wordsD. Mother wrote to her daughter in careful words( 2. What did Mother do with her daughters letter a

19、sking for forgiveness?A. She had never received the letterB. For years, she often talked about the letter.C. She didnt forgive her daughter at all in all her life.D. She read the letter again and again till she died.例2.Several years ago, cell phones were very expensive. Only important people and people with a lot of money had them. These days, the prices have been greatly falling, and they come in small sizes and different colors. So more and more people, even high school students, have one in