清華大學(xué)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)A1阻尼振動(dòng)與受迫振動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告

1、阻尼振動(dòng)與受迫振動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告清華大學(xué)阻尼振動(dòng)與受迫振動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)簡(jiǎn)要報(bào)告班級(jí)姓名學(xué)號(hào)結(jié)稿日期： 阻尼振動(dòng)與受迫振動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告（簡(jiǎn)要報(bào)告）一、阻尼振動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)記錄及處理1、測(cè)量最小阻尼(阻尼0)時(shí)的阻尼比和固有角頻率序號(hào)序號(hào)11294.859812404261104.700480366-0.15933203921284.852030264271094.691347882-0.16068238231274.844187086281084.682131227-0.16205585941274.844187086291084.682131227-0.16205585951254.82831373

2、7301074.672828834-0.15548490361254.828313737311064.663439094-0.16487464371244.820281566321064.663439094-0.15684247181234.812184355331044.644390899-0.16779345691224.804021045341034.634728988-0.169292057101214.795790546351034.634728988-0.161061557111214.795790546361024.624972813-0.170817732121204.7874

3、91743371024.624972813-0.162518929131194.779123493381014.615120517-0.164002976141184.770684624391004.605170186-0.165514438151174.762173935401004.605170186-0.157003749161184.77068462441994.59511985-0.175564774171174.76217393542984.584967479-0.177206456181164.75359019143984.584967479-0.168622712191154.

4、74493212844974.574710979-0.17022115201144.73619844845964.564348191-0.171850257211144.73619844846964.564348191-0.171850257221134.72738781947954.553876892-0.173510927231124.71849887148944.543294782-0.175204089241124.71849887149944.543294782-0.175204089251104.70048036650934.532599493-0.167880873-4.1664

5、48636-0.166657945于是得到：由得到：從而可得。序號(hào)12345/s14.92614.93514.94414.95114.958由上表，可得均值。角頻率的不確定度為：由此，角頻率為：2、測(cè)量其他2種阻尼的相關(guān)振動(dòng)參數(shù)。（1）阻尼1序號(hào)序號(hào)11054.6539603506674.204692619-0.4492677312964.5643481917614.110873864-0.4534743273884.4773368148564.025351691-0.4519851234804.3820266359503.912023005-0.4700036305734.290459441

6、10463.828641396-0.461818045-2.286548856-0.457309771由得到：可得阻尼比：序號(hào)12345/s1.4981.4991.4981.4981.497序號(hào)678910/s1.4971.4961.4951.4931.493由上表，可得均值角頻率的不確定度為：角頻率為：（2）阻尼2序號(hào)序號(hào)11635.0937502016884.477336814-0.61641338621444.9698133007784.356708827-0.61310447331274.8441870868684.219507705-0.62467938141134.72738781

7、99604.094344562-0.63304325651004.60517018610533.970291914-0.634878272-3.122118769-0.624423754由得到：這樣，阻尼比為：序號(hào)12345/s1.5001.4991.4871.4901.498序號(hào)678910/s1.4971.4971.4951.4941.492由上表可得：角頻率不確定度為：角頻率為：下面將兩個(gè)阻尼的部分振動(dòng)參數(shù)的計(jì)算結(jié)果整理在表格中：名稱阻尼1阻尼2二、受迫振動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)記錄及處理測(cè)定受迫振動(dòng)的幅頻特性和相頻特性曲線由于實(shí)驗(yàn)中途更換儀器，現(xiàn)直接給出實(shí)驗(yàn)二的 阻尼1表1阻尼1受迫振動(dòng)振幅和相位關(guān)

8、系對(duì)應(yīng)表序號(hào)11.5145829.429.429.44.1500563460.96763540321.4997339.939.939.94.1915845950.97731821231.4888650.050.050.04.2225707710.98454301141.4829759.559.459.454.2396661990.98852901551.47410670.170.070.054.2626765990.99389416561.46911080.480.480.44.2771853690.99727705971.46511290.190.190.14.2888636911.0000

9、0000081.46010999.899.999.854.303551581.00342465791.455102110.3110.3110.34.3183404171.006872852101.44994120.2120.0120.14.3362217441.011042098111.44383129.3129.4129.354.3542517721.015246015121.44368140.2140.4140.34.3542517721.015246015131.41952150.0149.9149.954.4278966221.032417195阻尼2表2阻尼2受迫振動(dòng)振幅和相位關(guān)系對(duì)

10、應(yīng)表序號(hào)11.5294630.430.230.34.1093429090.95814257721.5095740.040.240.14.1638073610.97084161731.4956750.450.450.44.2027995370.97993311041.4877459.659.559.554.2254104290.98520511151.4787970.370.470.354.2511402620.99120433061.4728279.880.079.94.2684682790.99524456571.4668390.590.590.54.2859381360.999317872

11、81.4598199.9100.11004.3065012391.00411240691.45376110.2110.1110.154.3242844511.008258775101.44671119.2119.1119.154.3452180551.013139696111.43662129.4129.4129.44.3754772331.020194986121.42452139.4139.4139.44.4123492331.028792135131.40540149.2149.1149.154.4720180121.042704626根據(jù)表1和表2的數(shù)據(jù)，借助MATLAB計(jì)算機(jī)仿真，得

12、到受迫振動(dòng)的幅頻特性曲線如圖1所示。同時(shí)，受迫振動(dòng)的相頻特性曲線如圖2 所示。圖1受迫振動(dòng)幅頻特性曲線圖2受迫振動(dòng)相頻特性曲線由圖像得，與前面相符。下面逐點(diǎn)求實(shí)測(cè)相位差與由算值的相對(duì)偏差。阻尼1 ,表3阻尼1誤差與參數(shù)關(guān)系表序號(hào)129.4441692-0.255502432239.94.19158459531.84448-0.252964407350.04.22257077142.45252-0.177786383459.454.23966619951.00687-0.165529271570.054.26267659966.74388-0.049534429680.

13、44.27718536979.16857-0.015554531790.14.28886369190.00000-0.001111111899.854.303551580103.49020.0351743459110.34.318340417115.66990.04642435110120.14.336221744127.61750.05890649811129.354.354251772136.71620.05387949612140.34.354251772136.7162-0.02621342613149.954.427896622155.93300.038369043阻尼2 ,表四阻尼2誤差與參數(shù)關(guān)系表序號(hào)130.34.10934290924.48479-0.237502956240.14.16380736133.35051-0.202380413350.44.20279953743.85588-0.149218759459.554.22541042952.57484-0.132671065570.354.25114026265.60277-0.072363255679.94.26846827976.24877-0.047885756790.54.28593813687.99366-0.02848318881004.30650