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1、動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentWuhan Institute of Shipbuilding TechnologyPower Engineering DepartmentLuobin動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentUnit 2 Auxiliary Machinery第2單元 輔助機(jī)械動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentLesson 13 Marine Boilers and Their Construction第13課 船用鍋爐及其結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power
2、 Engineering Department主鍋爐Main boiler輔鍋爐Auxiliary boiler , donkey boiler水管鍋爐Water tube boiler火管/煙管鍋爐Fire tube boiler, tank boiler, smoke tube boiler燃油鍋爐Oil-fired boiler廢氣鍋爐Exhaust gas boiler蒸汽鍋爐Steam boiler熱油鍋爐/加熱爐Thermal oil boiler / heater混合式鍋爐Combined boiler廢氣熱油鍋爐Exhaust gas thermal oil boiler /
3、heater燃油廢氣混合式鍋爐Oil-fired and exhaust gas composite boiler立式直水管燃油鍋爐Vertical oil-fired straight Water Tube boiler立式橫煙管鍋爐Vertical-type horizontal smoke tube boiler立式豎煙管鍋爐Vertical-type vertical smoke tube boiler臥式煙管鍋爐Horizontal smoke tube boiler動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department A boiler in one form
4、 or another will be found on every type of ship. 每種類(lèi)型的船上總會(huì)有某種類(lèi)型的鍋爐。 Where the main machinery is (蒸汽動(dòng)力), one or more large s(水管鍋爐)will be fitted to produce steam at very high temperatures and pressures. 在主動(dòng)力裝置為蒸汽驅(qū)動(dòng)的船舶上,安裝一個(gè)或多個(gè)大型水管鍋爐以產(chǎn)生高溫和高壓的蒸汽。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department On a diesel main
5、machinery vessel, a smaller (usually fire tube type) boiler will be fitted to steam the various ship services. 在柴油機(jī)為主動(dòng)力裝置的船舶上,安裝一個(gè)小型的(通常為火管式)鍋爐用來(lái)為各種船舶服務(wù)提供蒸汽。 Even within the two basic design types, water tube and fire tube. (各種)designs and variations(變化) exist. 甚至在水管鍋爐和火管鍋爐這兩個(gè)基本的設(shè)計(jì)類(lèi)型中,各種設(shè)計(jì)和變化都存在。動(dòng)力工
6、程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department A boiler is used to heat (鍋爐給水) in order to produce steam. 鍋爐用來(lái)加熱鍋爐給水以產(chǎn)生蒸汽。 The energy released by the burning fuel in the (鍋爐爐膛) is stored (as temperature and pressure) in the steam produced. 在爐膛內(nèi)通過(guò)燃燒燃料所釋放的能量 (以溫度和壓力的形式)被儲(chǔ)存在產(chǎn)生的蒸汽中。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Dep
7、artment All boilers have a furnace or (燃燒室) where fuel is burnt to release its energy. 所有的鍋爐都會(huì)有一個(gè)爐膛或燃燒室,燃料在里面燃燒,釋放出能量。 Air is supplied to the boiler furnace to combustion of the fuel (使成夠) (發(fā)生). 空氣供給到鍋爐爐膛內(nèi),使燃料能夠充分燃燒。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department A large surface area between the (燃燒室) and t
8、he water enables the energy of combustion, (以的形式) heat, to be transferred to the water. 燃燒室與水之間大量的表面面積使燃燒的能量以熱的形式傳遞給水。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department A (鍋筒) must be provided where steam and water can separate. (鍋爐)必須有一個(gè)鍋筒,在鍋筒中蒸汽和水能分離。 There must also be (各種)s(裝置) and s(調(diào)節(jié)裝置) to ensure that fu
9、el oil, air and feed water supplies are (與相匹配)the demand(需求量) for steam. 還必須有各種裝置和調(diào)節(jié)裝置以保證燃油、空氣和鍋爐給水與蒸汽的需求量相匹配。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department Finally there must be a number of s(配件) or s(配件) which ensure the safe operation of the boiler. 最后必須有許多配件以保證鍋爐的安全運(yùn)行。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Departm
10、ent In the (蒸發(fā)過(guò)程) the feed water enters the boiler where it is heated and becomes steam. 在蒸發(fā)過(guò)程中,爐水進(jìn)入鍋爐內(nèi),并被加熱變成蒸汽。 The feed water circulates from the (汽鍋筒) to the (水鍋筒) and is heated in the process. 爐水從汽鍋筒到水鍋筒中循環(huán)并在循環(huán)過(guò)程中被加熱。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department Some of the feed water passes through
11、tubes ing (vt.環(huán)繞)the furnace, i.e. (水冷壁) and s(爐底管), where it is heated and returned to the (汽鍋筒). 部分爐水流經(jīng)爐膛周?chē)墓茏?,也就是水冷壁和爐底管,在里面水被加熱并返回到汽鍋筒。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The steam is produced in a (汽鍋筒) and may be n(排除) for use from here. 蒸汽在汽鍋筒中產(chǎn)生,并且可從里面被排出使用。 (被稱(chēng)作)wet or (飽和蒸汽) in this con
12、dition because it will contain small quantities of water. (這種蒸汽)被稱(chēng)作該條件下的濕蒸汽或者飽和蒸汽,因?yàn)檎羝袝?huì)含有少量的水。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department(另外一種情況) the steam may pass to a (過(guò)熱器) which is located within the boiler. 另外一種情況是,蒸汽可通過(guò)位于鍋爐內(nèi)的過(guò)熱器。 Here steam is further heated and “dried”, i.e. all s (痕量水,) are ed (
13、變成) steam. 在里面,蒸汽被進(jìn)一步加熱并“干燥”,也就是所有的痕量水都變成蒸汽。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department This (過(guò)熱蒸汽) then leaves the boiler for use in the system. 然后,過(guò)熱蒸汽離開(kāi)鍋爐在系統(tǒng)中使用。 The temperature of (過(guò)熱蒸汽) will be above that of the steam in the (鍋筒). 過(guò)熱蒸汽的溫度將會(huì)高于鍋筒中的溫度 。 An (調(diào)溫器), i.e. a (蒸汽冷卻器), may be fitted in the sy
14、stem to control the superheated steam temperature. 調(diào)溫器,即蒸汽冷卻器,安裝在系統(tǒng)中以控制過(guò)熱蒸汽的溫度。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentThe type of the marine boiler船用鍋爐的類(lèi)型動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department There are two (截然不同的) types of marine boilers in use on board ship, the (火管鍋爐) in which the es(熾熱煙氣) from th
15、e furnaces pass through the tubes while the water is on the outside, and the (水管鍋爐) in which the water through the inside of the tubes while the es(熾熱的爐膛煙氣) pass around the outside. 船用鍋爐有兩種截然不同的類(lèi)型,火管鍋爐和水管鍋爐。在火管鍋爐中,從爐膛里出來(lái)的熾熱煙氣在管中流過(guò),而水在管外;在水管鍋爐中,水在管內(nèi)流動(dòng),而熾熱的爐膛煙氣在管子周?chē)?jīng)過(guò)。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Depa
16、rtmentWater tube boilers 水管鍋爐 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department1. 上鍋筒2.下鍋筒3.直立水管束4.爐膛5.預(yù)燃室8-噴油調(diào)風(fēng)裝置9-點(diǎn)火器10-點(diǎn)火噴油咀11-火焰感受器12.汽水分離器13.上排污漏斗15.人孔門(mén)6.擋煙墻7.下降水管14.自動(dòng)水位調(diào)節(jié)器立式直水管燃油鍋爐Vertical oil-fired straight Water Tube boiler動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The (水管鍋爐) is employed for high pressure
17、, high temperature, and high capacity steam applications, e.g. providing steam for s (主推進(jìn)渦輪機(jī))or s(貨油泵汽輪機(jī)). 水管鍋爐用于高壓、高溫和大容量的蒸汽應(yīng)用,例如,為主推進(jìn)(蒸汽)渦輪機(jī)或貨油泵汽輪機(jī)提供蒸汽。 大中型油船常使用汽輪機(jī)(蒸汽透平)驅(qū)動(dòng)貨油泵(容量較大的蒸汽透平油泵)輸送油。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Departments(火管鍋爐) are used for s(輔助用途) to provide smaller quantities of low pr
18、essure steam on diesel engine powered ships. 在柴油機(jī)作為動(dòng)力的船舶上,火管鍋爐用于輔助用途以提供少量的低壓蒸汽。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentFire tube boilers 火管鍋爐動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The (火管鍋爐) is usually chosen for low pressure steam production on vessels requiring steam for s(輔助用途). 在需要蒸汽作輔助用途的船舶上,火管鍋
19、爐通常用來(lái)提供低壓蒸汽。 Operation is simple and feed water of (中等品質(zhì)) may be employed. (火管鍋爐的)操作是簡(jiǎn)單的,可以使用中等質(zhì)量的爐水。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The name “tank boiler(火管鍋爐,箱式鍋爐)” sometimes d (用于)s(火管鍋爐) because of their large water capacity. 有時(shí),火管鍋爐使用術(shù)語(yǔ)“tank boiler”,因?yàn)樗哂写蟮男钏俊?The s(術(shù)語(yǔ)) “(煙管鍋爐)” and “(輔
20、鍋爐) are also in use. 術(shù)語(yǔ)“smoke tube” and “donkey boiler”也被使用。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentCochran boilers考克蘭鍋爐(立式橫煙管鍋爐)動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentCochran spheroid vertical boiler動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department1-鍋殼2-封頭3-爐膽4-出煙口5-燃燒室6-后管板7-前管板8-煙管9-電動(dòng)油泵10-燃燒器11-鼓風(fēng)機(jī)12-煙箱13-汽空間
21、14-集汽管15-停汽閥16-內(nèi)給水管17-檢查門(mén)立式橫煙管鍋爐Vertical-type horizontal smoke tube boiler動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The modern (立式的) (考克蘭鍋爐) has a fully (球形的) (爐膛) and (被稱(chēng)為) the “(球形). 現(xiàn)代立式的考克蘭鍋爐有一個(gè)整球形的爐膛,被稱(chēng)為“球形爐膛”。 The furnace is surrounded by water and therefore requires no (耐火爐襯). 爐膛被水包圍著,因此不需要耐火爐襯。
22、動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The hot gases make a (單向) through the (橫煙管束) before ing (停止,結(jié)束) to ( .排氣). 在停止排氣之前,熱的(燃)氣單向通過(guò)橫煙管束。 The use of s(小徑管) fitted with s(阻流板) ensures better (熱交換) and cleaner tubes (由于) the (擾動(dòng)的)gas flow. 由于(產(chǎn)生)擾動(dòng)的氣流,使用裝有阻流板的小徑管可確保熱交換更好和管子更干凈。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineer
23、ing DepartmentSpanner boilers 斯帕納鍋爐(多回程式鍋爐) 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentSpanner vertical boiler動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The Spanner (立式火管鍋爐) uses a (專(zhuān)利設(shè)計(jì))of tube known as Swirlyflo. 斯帕納立式火管鍋爐使用一種被稱(chēng)為“麻花管”(麻花管,swirly flow tube)的專(zhuān)利設(shè)計(jì)。 The special twist of the tube (被認(rèn)為) improve
24、(熱傳遞). (麻花)管的特殊盤(pán)旋被認(rèn)為可改進(jìn)熱傳遞。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentDouble evaporation boilers 兩極蒸發(fā)鍋爐動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department A (兩極蒸發(fā)鍋爐) uses two independent systems for (蒸發(fā)) and therefore avoids any (參混)between the primary and (二次給水). 兩極蒸發(fā)鍋爐使用兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的蒸發(fā)系統(tǒng),因此避免了一次給水和二次給水之間的參混。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Powe
25、r Engineering Department The (初級(jí)回路) is (實(shí)質(zhì)上) a conventional (水管鍋爐) which provides steam to the s(加熱盤(pán)管) of a steam-to-steam (發(fā)生器), which is the secondary system. 初級(jí)循環(huán)回路實(shí)質(zhì)上是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的水管鍋爐,用來(lái)給汽-汽發(fā)生器的加熱盤(pán)管提供蒸汽,汽-汽發(fā)生器是二級(jí)系統(tǒng)。 The complete boiler is d(封閉) in a (壓力箱體). 整個(gè)鍋爐封閉在一個(gè)壓力箱體內(nèi)。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering D
26、epartmentAuxiliary steam plant system輔助蒸汽裝置系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department廢氣鍋爐和燃油鍋爐組成的組合式鍋爐聯(lián)合式組合鍋爐廢氣和燃?xì)鈴U氣和燃?xì)饪赏瑫r(shí)工作可同時(shí)工作交替式組合鍋爐動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The (輔助蒸發(fā)裝置) provided in modern s(柴油機(jī)推進(jìn)油船) usually uses all exhaust gas (熱交換器) at the base of the (煙囪)and one or perhaps two s(
27、水管鍋爐). 在現(xiàn)代的柴油機(jī)推進(jìn)油船上安裝的輔助蒸發(fā)裝置通常會(huì)在煙囪底部使用廢氣熱交換器,以及一臺(tái)或兩臺(tái)水管鍋爐。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department(飽和的) or (過(guò)熱蒸汽) may be obtained from the auxiliary boiler. 輔鍋爐可以產(chǎn)生飽和蒸汽或過(guò)熱蒸汽。 At sea it s(充當(dāng)) a (蒸汽容器) for the exhaust gas heat exchanger, which is circulated through it. 在航行中,輔鍋爐為廢氣換熱器充當(dāng)一個(gè)蒸汽容器,并且蒸汽通過(guò)輔鍋爐循環(huán)。
28、 In port it is oil fired in the usual way. 在??扛劭谄陂g,輔鍋爐以正常的方式燃燒燃油。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentExhaust gas boilers 廢氣鍋爐動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department熱管式廢氣鍋爐Heat Pipe type exhaust gas boiler主機(jī)排氣主機(jī)排氣鍋爐給水鍋爐蒸汽動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department(輔鍋爐) on s(柴油機(jī)主推進(jìn)船舶), (除以外) tankers, are
29、usually of (組合式), (使成為可能) steam generation using oil firing or the exhaust gases from the diesel engine. 在油船以外的柴油機(jī)主推進(jìn)船舶上,輔鍋爐通常是組合式的,利用燃油燃燒或柴油機(jī)廢氣能夠產(chǎn)生蒸汽。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department With this arrangement the boiler s(充當(dāng)) the (換熱器) and s(產(chǎn)生) steam in its own drum(鍋筒). 關(guān)于這種布置,鍋爐充當(dāng)換熱器,并在自身的鍋筒內(nèi)產(chǎn)
30、生蒸汽。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentThe boiler construction鍋爐結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Departments(水管鍋爐), which use s(小直徑管) and have s(小汽鍋筒), enables the generation or production of steam at high temperatures and pressures. 水管鍋爐使用小直徑管和小汽鍋筒,能夠在高溫高壓下產(chǎn)生蒸汽。 The weight of the-boiler is much les
31、s than an (相同的) (火管鍋爐) and the (升汽) process is much quicker. 水管鍋爐的重量比相同(蒸發(fā)量)的火管鍋爐輕很多,升汽過(guò)程也快得多。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Departments(設(shè)計(jì)布置) are(靈活的), efficiency is high and the feed water has a good (自然循環(huán)). 設(shè)計(jì)布置靈活,效率高,并且爐水有良好的自然循環(huán)。 These are some of the many reasons why the (水管鍋爐) has replaced the
32、(火管鍋爐) as the major (蒸汽發(fā)生器 ). 這就是水管鍋爐取代火管鍋爐來(lái)作為主蒸汽發(fā)生器的部分原因。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department Early s(水管鍋爐) used a (單鍋筒). 早期的水管鍋爐使用單鍋筒。 s(聯(lián)箱) were connected to the drum by short, s(彎管) with s(直管) between the headers. 聯(lián)箱通過(guò)短彎管連接到鍋筒上,且聯(lián)箱之間有直(水)管。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The hot gases
33、 from the furnace passed over the tubes, often in a (單通道,直流). 從爐膛來(lái)的熱氣流過(guò)這些(水)管,通常是單向流過(guò)。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department A later development was the bent tube design. 后來(lái)的發(fā)展階段為彎管設(shè)計(jì)。 This boiler has two drums, an integral furnace and is often (被稱(chēng)作,被認(rèn)為) the D type because of its shape (Fig. 13-1).
34、鍋爐有兩個(gè)鍋筒和一個(gè)整體的爐膛,由于它的外形通常被稱(chēng)作D形鍋爐(圖13-1)。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentEconomiserReturn tubesUpper headerLower headerScreen tubesDowncomersgenerating tubes動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The furnace is at (側(cè)面) the two drums and is surrounded on all sides by walls of tubes. 爐膛位于兩個(gè)鍋筒的側(cè)面,并
35、且由水冷壁管包圍。 These s(水冷壁管) are connected either to s(上下聯(lián)箱) or a (下聯(lián)箱) and the (汽鍋筒). 這些水冷壁管或與上下聯(lián)箱相連,或與下聯(lián)箱和汽鍋筒相連。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Departments(上聯(lián)箱) are connected by s(回流管,溢流管) to the (汽鍋筒). 上聯(lián)箱通過(guò)回流管與汽鍋筒相連。 Between the (汽鍋筒) and the smaller (水鍋筒) below, (大量的)smaller diameter s(蒸發(fā)管束) are fitted
36、. 在(上部)汽鍋筒和下部較小的水鍋筒之間安裝大量的小直徑蒸發(fā)管束。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department These provide the main s(換熱面) for steam generation. 這些提供了產(chǎn)生蒸汽的主要換熱面。s(大口徑管) or s(下降管) are fitted between the steam and water drum to ensure good (自然循環(huán)) of the water. 在汽鍋筒和水鍋筒之間安裝大口徑管或下降管,以確保爐水有良好的自然循環(huán)。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineeri
37、ng Department In the arrangement shown, the (過(guò)熱器) is located between the drums, ed (保護(hù)不受的破壞) the very es(熾熱的爐膛煙氣) by several s(排) of s(隔板管). 在圖示的布置中,過(guò)熱器位于兩個(gè)鍋筒之間,并由幾排隔板管保護(hù),使之不受過(guò)熱爐膛煙氣的破壞。 (耐火材料) or (磚墻,磚襯) is used on the (爐底), the (燃燒器) wall and also behind the water walls(水冷壁). 耐火材料或耐火磚襯使用在爐底、燃燒器壁以及水
38、冷壁的后面。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The (雙層爐殼) of the boiler provides a passage for the (燃燒空氣) to the air (n.調(diào)節(jié)裝置) or(調(diào)節(jié)器) surrounding the (燃燒器). 鍋爐的雙層爐殼提供了燃燒空氣通向燃燒器周?chē)恼{(diào)風(fēng)器的一個(gè)通道。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The need for a wider range of superheated steam temperature controlled to
39、other boiler arrangements being used. 過(guò)熱蒸汽溫度較寬范圍的需要使得其它鍋爐布置(形式)被采用。 The original (外置過(guò)熱器) “D” (ESD) type of boiler used a primary(主要的) and secondary(輔助的) super heater located after the (主熱水管束) (Fig. 13-2). 最初的外置過(guò)熱器式D型(ESD型)鍋爐采用位于主熱水管束后的主輔過(guò)熱器 (圖13-2 )。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentEconomiserF
40、irst pass superheaterDowncomersFloor tubesRefractorysecond pass superheater動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department An attemperator(調(diào)溫器) located in the (燃?xì)馔ǖ溃?was used to control the steam temperature. 位于燃?xì)馔ǖ乐械恼{(diào)溫器用來(lái)控制蒸汽溫度。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The later ESD type boiler was similar in
41、(結(jié)構(gòu)) to the ESD, but used a control unit (an additional economiser) between the primary and secondary super heaters. 后來(lái)的ESD-型鍋爐在結(jié)構(gòu)上與ESD-型相似,但是在一、二級(jí)過(guò)熱器之間采用了一個(gè)控制單元(一個(gè)附加的經(jīng)濟(jì)器)。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department Linked s(風(fēng)門(mén),擋板) directed the hot gases over the control unit or the super heater (根據(jù)) th
42、e superheat temperature required. 根據(jù)所需要的過(guò)熱溫度,相連的擋板將熱氣導(dǎo)向控制單元或者過(guò)熱器 。 The control unit provided a bypass path(旁路) for the gases when low temperature (過(guò)熱度) was required. 當(dāng)需要低過(guò)熱度時(shí)控制單元為熱氣提供旁路。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department In the ESD boiler the burners are located in the (爐頂), which provides a lo
43、ng flame path and (均勻的) heat transfer throughout the furnace . ESD-型鍋爐中,燃燒器位于爐頂,這能得到長(zhǎng)的火焰通道,且整個(gè)爐膛內(nèi)均勻的熱交換。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department In the boiler shown in Fig. 13-3, the furnace is fully water-cooled and of (單壁,整體) construction, which is d(由.得到) s(翅片管) welded together to form a (氣密外殼). 在
44、圖13-3所示的鍋爐中,爐膛全部被水冷卻,并且是整體式結(jié)構(gòu),這是由翅片管焊接在一起以形成氣密外殼而得到。 With monowall construction no (耐火材料) is necessary in the furnace. 在整體式(水冷壁)結(jié)構(gòu)(的鍋爐)中,爐膛內(nèi)不需要耐火材料。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department1-汽包Steam Drum2-水筒Water Drum3-聯(lián)箱(header)4-爐膛(furnace)5-水冷壁(water wall)6、7-蒸發(fā)管束(generating tubes)8-聯(lián)箱供水管(feed water
45、 tube of header)9-水筒供水管(feed water tube of water drum)10-燃燒器Burner11-過(guò)熱器super heater 12-經(jīng)濟(jì)器economiser動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The furnace side, floor and s(爐頂管) are welded into the steam and water drums. 爐膛側(cè)面、爐底管和爐頂管分別焊接到汽鍋筒和水鍋筒上。 The front and s(后壁) are connected (在另一端) to upper and l
46、ower s(水冷壁聯(lián)箱). 在另一端,前后壁連接到上下水冷壁聯(lián)箱上。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The lower s(水冷壁聯(lián)箱) are connected by external s(下降管) from the (汽鍋筒) and the upper s(水冷壁聯(lián)箱) are connected to the steam drum by s(上升管). 外部的下降管從汽鍋筒連接到下水冷壁聯(lián)箱,而且上升管將上水冷壁聯(lián)箱連接到汽鍋筒上。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The gases le
47、aving the furnace pass through s(擋板管) which are arranged to permit flow between them. 離開(kāi)爐膛的煙氣流經(jīng)擋板管,它被布置成允許煙氣在它們之間流過(guò)。 The large number of tubes (引起) (相當(dāng)多的) (熱交換) before the gases reach the (二級(jí)過(guò)熱器). 煙氣在到達(dá)二級(jí)過(guò)熱器前,大量擋板管引起相當(dāng)多的(良好)熱交換。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The gases then flow over the (一級(jí)
48、過(guò)熱器) and the (經(jīng)濟(jì)器) before passing to exhaust. 然后,煙氣在排出之前流向一級(jí)過(guò)熱器和經(jīng)濟(jì)器。 The (干汽管,過(guò)熱蒸汽輸送管) is located in the steam drum to obtain (適當(dāng)?shù)兀?(干燥的飽和蒸汽) from the boiler. 過(guò)熱蒸汽輸送管布置在汽鍋筒內(nèi)以便從鍋爐中獲得適當(dāng)干燥的飽和蒸汽。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department This is then passed to the primary superheater and then to the seconda
49、ry superheater. 然后通向一級(jí)過(guò)熱器、二級(jí)過(guò)熱器。 Steam temperature control is d(實(shí)現(xiàn)) by the use of an (調(diào)溫器), located in the steam drum, (起作用) between the primary and secondary superheaters. 通過(guò)使用調(diào)溫器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)蒸汽溫度控制,而調(diào)溫器安裝在汽鍋筒內(nèi),在一級(jí)過(guò)熱器和二級(jí)過(guò)熱器之間起作用。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Departments(輻射型鍋爐) are a more recent development, in
50、 which the (燃燒輻射熱) is d(吸收) to (產(chǎn)生) steam, by (紅外線(xiàn)). 輻射型鍋爐是最新發(fā)展的,它通過(guò)紅外線(xiàn)吸收燃燒輻射熱以產(chǎn)生蒸汽。 This usually requires roof firing and a considerable height in order to (vi.運(yùn)行) (高效率地). 為了高效運(yùn)行,通常需要爐頂燃燒和相當(dāng)大的高度。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department Both the furnace and the outer chamber are fully watercooled. 爐膛和
51、外(燃燒)室全部由水冷卻。 There is no conventional bank(一排) of s(蒸發(fā)管). 沒(méi)有傳統(tǒng)的蒸發(fā)管束。 The hot gases leave the furnace through an opening at the (下端) of the (隔墻) and pass to the outer chamber. 熱氣從隔墻下端的開(kāi)口離開(kāi),然后流向外(燃燒)室。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The outer chamber contains the s(對(duì)流受熱面) which include the pri
52、mary and secondary superheaters. 外(燃燒)室含有包括一、二級(jí)過(guò)熱器的對(duì)流受熱面。 Superheat temperature control is (通過(guò))an attemperator in the steam drum. 通過(guò)汽鍋筒內(nèi)的調(diào)溫器實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)熱溫度控制。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The hot gases, after leaving the primary superheater, pass over a steaming economiser. 離開(kāi)一級(jí)過(guò)熱器之后的熱氣經(jīng)過(guò)蒸汽經(jīng)濟(jì)器。 This
53、 is a heat exchanger in which the (汽水混合物) is flowing (平行地) to the gas. 這是一個(gè)汽水混合物與熱氣平行流動(dòng)的熱交換器。The furnace gases finally pass over a conventional economiser on their way to the (煙囪). 最后爐膛燃?xì)庠诹飨驘焽钑r(shí)通過(guò)一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)器。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentFurnace wall construction爐壁結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The problems (與關(guān)聯(lián)) furnace s(難熔物質(zhì)), particularly on vertical walls, have ed (引起) two (水冷壁) arrangements without d(產(chǎn)生) (難溶物質(zhì)). 尤其是在豎直墻面上,與爐膛難熔物質(zhì)有關(guān)的問(wèn)題,引起不產(chǎn)生難熔物質(zhì)的水冷壁布置。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department Th
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