非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解及練習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解概念：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指現(xiàn)在分詞, 過(guò)去分詞、不定式三種形式，即： V-ing , V-ed , to do。當(dāng)然它們有各自不同的變化形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)： 三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有動(dòng)詞的特征，雖然它們沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但是它們都能帶自己的狀語(yǔ)或有時(shí)跟賓語(yǔ)。它們都有各自的特征：分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征；動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的特征；不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。用法：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)V-ingV-edto do一 動(dòng)詞不定式 (to do)1. 變形：to do to be doing to be done to have done to have be

2、en donea. 明天要來(lái)的那個(gè)人是我的老師。 The person (who is) to come tomorrow is my teacher.b. 下個(gè)月要建的那座橋是由Mary設(shè)計(jì)的。The bridge (which is) to be built is designed by Mary. c.媽媽進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候他假裝睡著了。He pretended to have already slept when his mother came in.I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.d.房間似乎已經(jīng)被打掃干凈了。 The room se

3、emed to have been cleaned.e. 我給她打電話的時(shí)候，她正好在逛街。She happened to be shopping when I called her.2. 否定 not to do先看幾個(gè)例句，判斷不定式在句中的成分。1To learn a foreign language is difficult .2 His wish is to be a driver . 3Tom wanted to have a cup of beer . 4The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 5I have nothing t

4、o say . 6They went to see their aunt . 7Its easy to see their aunt.8I dont know what to do next .9 I heard them make a noise .1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)。a. 表示一種目的，將要，要去做什么Eg. To learn English well is not easy. To realize your dream is not easy if you dont work hard.b. it 做形式主語(yǔ)，to do 不定式作真正的主語(yǔ) it is was + adj. (for

5、sb. of sb.) to do sth動(dòng)詞不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)是由for 作為標(biāo)記的。但是有時(shí)用of . Its necessary for you to study hard . Its foolish of him to do it . 與of 連用的形容詞有： good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible1. 不定式作表語(yǔ) My dream is to become a singer. The purpose of the project

6、 is to know why human 2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有： remain, want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不能用動(dòng)詞不定式直接做介

7、詞的賓語(yǔ)，而要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。sb + think make find feel + it + adj. n. + to do sth.(easy difficult hard necessary right wrong possible impossible a shame a pity)We think it important to obey the laws .4. 不定式作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)注意兩種關(guān)系：1）動(dòng)賓關(guān)系： He has a lot of meetings to attend. Please lend me something to write with. He is looki

8、ng for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in . He has no money and no place to live ( in ) . I think the best way to travel is on foot . There is no time to think ( about ) . 2）主謂關(guān)系： She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting . -Im going to the post office , for I have a l

9、etter to post . ( 邏輯主語(yǔ)是I )-Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now. ( 邏輯主語(yǔ)不是I )a. 明天要來(lái)的那個(gè)人是我的老師。 The person (who is) to come tomorrow is my teacher.b. 下個(gè)月要建的那座橋是由Mary設(shè)計(jì)的。The bridge (which is) to be built is designed by Mary.5. 不定式作狀語(yǔ)，可以有以下幾種意義： 1） 原因 He is lucky to get here on time . I am

10、glad to help you. 這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有： happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy 2) 目的 He came to help me with my maths . 3) 結(jié)果 I hurried to get there, only to find him out . The

11、 rain lasted a week, causing severe flood in a lot of places. The book is too hard for the boy to read . He is old enough to go to school . 6. 不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)ask tell allow permit command request wish sb. to do sthEg. My mother allowed me to buy a mobile phone finally. They are believed to have discussed th

12、e problem. He is believed to be living in Mexico. 能跟不帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, noticeI saw him play in the street just now . 注: 當(dāng)這些詞為被動(dòng)式時(shí)，不定式要帶to , 如： He was seen to play in the street just now.7. “to” 是不定式符號(hào)還是介詞，下列短語(yǔ)中的to 都是介詞。 agree

13、 to sth, object to, be close to , come to (when it comes to sth doing sth) , lead to , refer to , be equal to , be familiar to , point to , thank to , be devoted to , be accustomed to, be addicted to, next to , belong to , be used to doing, look forward to 9 帶to 還是不帶to I have no choice but to give i

14、n I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom . （ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）二 V-ing及V-ed形式1. 變形： doing being done having done having been done V-ed 2.否定 not doing not doneLearning English is very difficult .學(xué)英語(yǔ)非常困難。His job is driving a bus . 他的工作是開(kāi)車。I enjoy dancing

15、.我喜歡跳舞。I have got used to living in the country . 我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep . 吃點(diǎn)安眠藥，你很快就會(huì)入睡。1.做主語(yǔ)1)Seeing is believing.Being able to use computers is helpful to your finding a job.2) It is / was no use / no good no fun a waste of time + doing sth.Eg. It is

16、no use crying after a terrible result. 在壞的結(jié)果前哭是沒(méi)有用的。2. 做賓語(yǔ)只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：appreciate, admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, look forward to , get down to , fee

17、l like , cant help , cant stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, 下列動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)別， forget to do 忘記要做某事 forget doing 忘記做了某事 remember to do記住要做某事 remember doing 記著做了某事 mean to do 有意要做某事 mean doing 意味著做了某事 regret to do 對(duì)要做的事表示后悔regret doing 對(duì)做過(guò)去的事后悔cant help to do不能幫助做某事cant help

18、 doing 情不自禁做某事try to do 盡力去做某事try doing 試著做某事learn to do 學(xué)著去做某事learn doing 學(xué)會(huì)做某事stop to do 停下來(lái)去做（另一件事）stop doing 停止做某事go on to do 接著做（另外一件事）go on doing 繼續(xù)做某事used to do 過(guò)去做某事be used to doing 習(xí)慣做某事3. 做表語(yǔ)My job is teaching.The story is interesting.區(qū)分The story is interesting . Im interested in it . 這個(gè)故事

19、有興趣，我對(duì)這個(gè)故事感興趣。V-ing VS V-edV-ing 修飾物，令人 V-ed 修飾人或者人的表情encouraging encouraged surprising surprised exciting excited puzzling puzzled frightening frightened boring boredan exciting voice 令人興奮的聲音       an excited voice 興奮的聲音a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情     

20、;a puzzled look 困惑的表情4. 作定語(yǔ)1) drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy, falling leaves, boiling water fallen leaves, boiled water2) 修飾的n 與從句動(dòng)作之間是主動(dòng)或者正在進(jìn)行的關(guān)系；被動(dòng)或完成的關(guān)系。The girl (who is) talking with the teacher is a new comer.The problem being discussed is quite puzzling.The room cl

21、eaned yesterday is dirty now.不定式被動(dòng)式、分詞的被動(dòng)式和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow. ( 將來(lái))The building being built on the river is the Science Museum. （正在進(jìn)行） The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions. （過(guò)去）5. 做狀語(yǔ) V-ing, V-ed分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主

22、語(yǔ)保持一致。分詞作狀語(yǔ)必須和句中主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，否則不能使用分詞作狀語(yǔ)。選擇哪個(gè)分詞由邏輯主語(yǔ)與從句動(dòng)作的關(guān)系來(lái)確定，主動(dòng)V-ing，被動(dòng)V-ed分詞做狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、 條件、方式、伴隨等Having finished the homework, I went home. （ 時(shí)間）從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，明顯先后關(guān)系 Being a Party member, I should work hard. （原因） Given more time, I can do my work better. （ 條件 ） He ran out of the classroom,

23、 shouting at the boy. （ 伴隨）The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (結(jié)果)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (讓步)I wont go to the party even if (I am) invited.練習(xí)：1. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. to invite C. being invit

24、ed D. inviting 2. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it . A. Having being told B. Though had been told C. He was told D. Having told 3. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 . A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4

25、. On Saturday afternoon , Mr. Green went to the market ,_ some bananas and visited her cousin .A. bought           B. buying           C. to buy         &#

26、160;  D. buy6. 獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)有些分詞短語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見(jiàn)的有：Generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái)       Frankly speaking 坦白地說(shuō)Judging from 根據(jù)來(lái)判斷     Considering 考慮到To tell you the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話7. 做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1）感官動(dòng)詞 see hear watch find notice sb. + do doing V-ed2) make + 賓語(yǔ)

27、+ 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)make sb do sthmake sb done make yourself understood heard known3) leave keep have sb doing sth. 讓某人保持狀態(tài)4）注意的四種結(jié)構(gòu)： have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做 have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 讓某事一直做著1. The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldnt make himse

28、lf _ . A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard 2. The boy was seen _ on the river bank this time yesterday.A. to play B. played C. playing D. play3. I will go to the shop to have my computer _.A. repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to repair8. 需要跟反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：seat , prepare , hide , dress 如：I seated mys

29、elf on the chair .I was seated on the chair .9. 動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。動(dòng)名詞的邏輯賓語(yǔ)為代詞或名詞賓格形式例如：His Toms coming made us very happy . The teacher was angry for his him not coming to school today.1. _ a reply , he decided to write again . A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D.

30、Having not received 2. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon .A . you to call       B . you call       C . your calling       D . you're calling10. 動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)的情況： need want require doing to be done 例如： T

31、his room needs painting to be painted. 這個(gè)房間需要粉刷11Theres some difficulty ( in ) doing 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下單詞替換: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 1、We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketball, _ that all children like these things.A thinking B think

32、 C to think D thought2、There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A add B to add C adding D added3、I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works.A working; stopping B to work; stoppingC working; to stop D to work;

33、to stop4、A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _.A unsatisfied B unsatisfying C to be satisfying D being satisfied5、No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A performed B performing C to be per

34、formed D being performed6、_ this cake, youll need 2 eggs,175g sugar and 175g flour.A Having made B Make C To make D Making7、If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again.A gets B got C to get D getting8、As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw

35、 materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _A to use B to be used C to have used D to be using9、It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _.A to make B to be made C making D being made10、The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beij

36、ing in 2008.A hold B holding C held D to be held11、_ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A Faced B Face C Facing D To face12、AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.A that it is B to be C that it has been D to ha

37、ve been13、Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table.A do B to do C doing D and doing14、Faced with a bill for $10,000, _.A John has taken an extra job B the boss has given John an extra jobC an extra job has been taken D an extra job has been given to John15、He hurried to the booking

38、 office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A to tell B to be told C telling D told16、Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title_ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A being given B is given C given D was given17、Police are now searching for

39、 a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A have been missing B have got lost C be missing D get lost18、The bird flu _ through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far,_ 16.A sweeps; killed B swept; killing C sweeping; to kill D sweeping; killing19、The