【外研版】高中英語(yǔ)必修四：Module4Greatscientists語(yǔ)法學(xué)案含答案

1、文檔來(lái)源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持1必修四模塊 4語(yǔ)法學(xué)案課題Great Scie ntists課時(shí)1 課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.Revise some Ian guage poin ts.2. Lear n more about Grammar of the module .3.Learn to use this Grammar.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)Revisi on of passive voice教學(xué)難點(diǎn)Deal with some importa nt exercises about it.課堂導(dǎo)學(xué)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)Revisi on of passive voice（一）語(yǔ)態(tài)分類(lèi)英語(yǔ)

2、動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表 示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over the river.（ 主動(dòng)）A new bridge will be built over the river.（ 被動(dòng)）漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。（二）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在 be 的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞be 的變化形式完全一樣，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are + done一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were + done一般將來(lái)時(shí)Shal

3、l + will +be+ done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+ bein g+do ne過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+be ing +do ne過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)Should/would+bre+do ne現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Has/have+bee n+do ne過(guò)去完成時(shí)Had +bee n + done注被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)沒(méi)有將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。（三）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)People grow rice in the south of the states._（改為被動(dòng)）T he school does nt allow us to en ter the chemistry lab wi

4、thout a teacher.We_ enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.（被動(dòng)）2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)He had a stra nge way of making his classes lively and in teresti ng.And the stude nts did nt forget his less ons easily.文檔來(lái)源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持2He had a stra nge way of maki ng his classes lively and his lessons_3. 一般

5、將來(lái)時(shí)They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars_ abroad by sea.They will give ple nty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs_school-leavers.4. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)The man ager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The man ager said the project_5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)The radio is broadcasti ng En glish less ons.

6、En glish less ons”_6. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)This time last year we were pla nti ng trees here.Trees_7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Some one has told me the sports meet might be put off.I_ the sports meet might be put off.8. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)People had con sidered him to be a great leader.He_9. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。e.g. The t

7、eacher said,“ You must hand in your compositi ons after class.”The teacher said, “Your compositions must be handed in after class. ”He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters_ ”_（四）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用1. 當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by 短語(yǔ)?！?Mr. White, the cup with mixture was bro

8、ken after class.（只是告訴老師杯子壞了，不知是誰(shuí)弄壞的，或不想說(shuō)出誰(shuí)弄壞的）。2. 突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語(yǔ)。These records were made by Joh n Denver.The cup was broke n by Paul.3. 當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用 in+名詞作狀語(yǔ)，而代替 by 短語(yǔ)。These cars were made in China.15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.英譯漢：_

9、（五）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。2. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be+過(guò)去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，by 短語(yǔ)可以省略。如果文檔來(lái)源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持3原句主語(yǔ)是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用in+地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語(yǔ)。如：My aunt in vited me to her dinner party主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)丄 was in vited（by my aunt ）to her dinner party.主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)The school set u

10、p a special class to help poor readers.- A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.（六）語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問(wèn)題1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.（正確）A new computer have been bought.（錯(cuò)誤）2. 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變

11、為主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多。My uncle gave me a prese nt on my birthday.I was give n a prese nt on my birthday.如果把直接賓語(yǔ)（指物）改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)（指人）前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說(shuō)：A prese nt_注意：一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞to,如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。The magazine was passed on to

12、 me. _The cup with mixture_（show）the class. _一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞for,女口：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。Mother mad re me a new skirt. _有些既不用 to 也不用 for,根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。People all over the world know the Great Wall.The Great Wall is known to

13、people all over the world.（ 不用 by 短語(yǔ)）3. 由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：不及物動(dòng)詞 + 介詞，女口 : agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。The patie nt is bei ng operated on. _The problem is solved. It n eed nt be talked about. _及物動(dòng)詞 +

14、副詞：如： bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away,put off, think over, tur n dow n, work out, tur n out 等。他的請(qǐng)求被拒絕了。 _The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. _4. 帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ) 足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：We always keep

15、 the classroom clea n.文檔來(lái)源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持4The classroom is always kept clea n.注意：在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel 等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都 不帶 to，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶to，這時(shí)不定式為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也就是說(shuō)不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不存在省略 to 的問(wèn)題。We ofte n hear him play the guitar.文檔來(lái)源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持5He is

16、ofte n heard to play the guitar.注意：帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子，如果賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是名詞，變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，不要誤把 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的名詞作主語(yǔ)。如：Tomatoes were first take n back to Europe and people called them love apples.誤：Love apples were called them.正： They were called love apples.5. 還有一種短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞 +名詞+介詞構(gòu)成，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式，如下：1）We take good care of the books

17、.The books are take n good care of.Good care is take n of the book.2）You must pay atte nti on to your pronun ciati on.Atte nti on must_Your pronun ciatio n_用于這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：catch sight of, make use of, pay atte ntion to, set fire to, take care of,take hold of, take notice of, keep an eye on 等。6. 當(dāng)主動(dòng)句

18、的主語(yǔ)是nobody, no one 等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)?anybody,作by 的賓語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Nobody can an swer this questi on. 誤：The questi on can be an swered by no body. 正： The questi on can notbe an swered by an ybody.7. 當(dāng)否定句中的賓語(yǔ)是anything, anybody, anyone 等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚oth in g, nobody, no one 作主語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?/p>

19、肯定的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：They have nt done anything to make the river clea n._ _ -誤： Anything has nt bee n done to make the river clea n.正： Noth ing has bee n done to make the river clea n.8. 以 who 為主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用by whom 放在句首：Who wrote the story誤： Who was the story written正： By whom was the story writte n9. 有些動(dòng)詞既

20、是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和 well, badly, easily 等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)， 這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash,cook 等。如：The cloth washes easily._The new product sells well._The pen writes smoothly._廠The books sell well.（主動(dòng)句）對(duì)比：The books were sold out.（被動(dòng)句）The meat did nt cook well.（主動(dòng)句）文檔來(lái)源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收

21、集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持6The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat.（ 被動(dòng)句）10.下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句:第一，感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義如：feel， look, seem, taste, sou nd, rema in 等。The food tastes delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful.第二，謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞leave, en ter, reach, suit, have, ben efit, lack, own 等。如：He en tered t

22、he room and got his book.第三，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，女口： take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, addup to 等。如：The fire broke out in the capital build ing.第四，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise, happe n, succeed, remai n, lie 等。1) Whe n we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already rise n.2) After t

23、he earthquake, few houses rema in ed.第五，賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式，v-ing 形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)，如：I taught myself En glish.誤： Myself was taught English.We love each other.誤：Each other is loved.11.漢語(yǔ)有一類(lèi)句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示，如：據(jù)說(shuō).It is said that 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo). It is reported that 據(jù)推測(cè). It is supposed that希望. It is hop

24、ed that 眾所周知. It is well known that 普遍認(rèn)為. It is gen erally con sidered that 有人建議. It is suggested that1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2) It is well known that Thomas Edis on inven ted the electric lamp.咼考鏈接：1. The church tower whichwill be ope n to tourists soon. The work is almo

25、st fini shed.A. has restored B. has bee n restoredC. is restori ngD. is being restored2. This coastal areaa n atio nal wildlife reserve last year.A. was n amedB. n amedC. is n amedD. n ames3. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shen zhe n for the mon ey-mak ing jobs they _ before leavi ng their

26、hometow ns.A. promised B. were promisedC. have promisedD. have bee n promised4. You ve failed to do what you to and I m afraid the teacher will blame youA. will expectB. will be expectedC. expectedD. were expected5.ln the spoken English of some areas in the US , the “ r” sounds at the end of the wor

27、ds_ .A are dropped B drop C Are being dropped D have dropped針對(duì)訓(xùn)練：1. It is said that a new robot_by him in a few days.文檔來(lái)源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持7A. desig nedB. has bee n desig nedC. will be desig nedD. will have bee n desig ned2. We are late. I expect the film by the time we get to the cin ema.文

28、檔來(lái)源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持89. Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we_if we leave it here.A. would be finedB. will be finedC. will being finedD. will have bee n fined10.“_two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it togetherA. They hav

29、e bee n give nB. I have bee n give nC. I am give nD. They have give n to me11. The subject of these lectures_ by the lecture committee.A. is announ cedB. have bee n announcedC. are announcedD. has bee n announced12. I found an aspiri n bottle_ dropped on the floor of Davids room.A. wasB. hadC. had b

30、ee nD. is13. The goods_ when we arrived at the airport.A. were just uni oad ingB. were just bee n uni oadi ngC. had just uni oadedD. were just being uni oaded14. If one_ by pride, he will reject useful advice and frien dly assista nee.A. overcomesB. is overcomeC. has bee n overcomeD. overcome15. Mos

31、t environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them_taken in thepast.A. was notB. were notC. were not beingD. had not bee nA. will already have started B. would already have startedC. shall have already startedD. has already bee n started3. She will stop show ing off if no not

32、ice_of her.A. is take nB. takesC. will be takenD. has taken4. Diamo ndin Brazil in 1971.A. is foundB. has bee n foundC. was foundD. had bee n found5.“ Have you moved to the new flat“ Not yet. The room_.”A. has bee n pain tedC. pai nts6. My pictures_ un til n ext Friday.A. wont developC. dont developB.