初中英語語法：主謂一致

1、初中英語語法：主謂一致初中英語語法（主謂一致）主謂一致是指一個句子的主語和謂語動詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致關(guān)系。主謂一致要遵循三條原則：語法一致、意義一致、就近一致。一、復(fù)習(xí)要點：1語法一致的原則：語法一致的原則就是指主語和謂語動詞保持語法形式上的一致，即主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句用作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：His father works for a computer company. 他的父親在一家電腦公司工作。Reading in the

2、sun is bad for your eyes.  在陽光下看書對眼睛有害。What he said is very important for us all.  他所說的話對我們大家都很重要。 由連詞and或both and連接的并列主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。例如：New York and Boston are American cities.  紐約和波士頓是美國城市。Both she and her sister like drawing pictures.  她和她的姐姐都喜歡畫畫 由“a and a half, more than o

3、ne 名詞” “one and a half + 名詞”, 等作主語時, 謂語動詞要用單數(shù). 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個地點構(gòu)成的主語，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：A month and a half has passed since I saw him. 自從我見到他，已經(jīng)過去一個半月了。More than one person he

4、re is going to find a new job.  這里不止一人準(zhǔn)備找新工作。 主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式；如果主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Mr Green, together with his wife, has come to China. The students as well as their teacher were playing a game on the playground.  No on

5、e except the teachers knows the answer.  除了老師沒有人知道答案。She, like you and Tom, is very tall.  她跟你和湯姆一樣個子都很高。 主語為表示兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞（如：glasses, jeans, pants, scissors, trousers等）時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果它們前面用了a pair of，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：My blue trousers have worn out.  我的藍(lán)褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。This pair of scisso

6、rs is China-made.  這把剪刀是中國制造的。Here are some new pairs of shoes.  這里有幾雙新鞋。 主語為“the number of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為“a number of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：The number of cars is increasing.  汽車的數(shù)目正在增長。There were a number of people out this afternoon.  今天下午有很多人外出。A great number of migrant wo

7、rkers have entered the city.  大批的民工涌入了城市。 each或由some, any, every, no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞用作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Each of us has a new dictionary.  我們每一個人都有一本新詞典。Somebody is looking for you.  有人在找你。Everybody is doing his best.  人人都在盡力而為。Theres nothing interesting in the newspaper.  報紙上沒有什么有趣的新聞

8、。I cant find my pen has anyone seen it?  我的筆找不到了有誰看見了嗎？each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語動詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:Each of us has something to say. 我們每個人都有話要說 either, neither用作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。但是，如果后接“of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”時，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。例如：Either is acceptable.  兩者中哪一個都能接受。Neither of us was having any luck.  我們兩個

9、都不走運。Neither of the sisters was alive.  兩姐妹都不在人世了。 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等用作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如： This is the man who wants to see you.  這就是想要見你的人。The girls who are coming soon are my students.  快要到來的那些女孩是我的學(xué)生 由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，主句謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但如果表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，主句謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：What we need n

10、ow is time.  我們現(xiàn)在需要的就是時間。What he left me are only some old books.  他留給我的只是幾本舊書。2意義一致的原則：主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義卻為復(fù)數(shù)；有時主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義卻為單數(shù)。這時，就要采用意義一致的原則，即謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致。 由and 所連接的并列主語如果是指一個人或一種事物時，其后的謂語動詞就用單數(shù)形式。例如：The writer and artist has come.  那位作家兼藝術(shù)家來了。There is a knife and fork on the table.&#

11、160; 餐桌上有一副刀叉。Fish and chips is a popular food.  炸魚土豆片是一種很受歡迎的食物。Five and five makes ten.  (or: make ten.)  五加五等于十。 由“each A and each B”或“every A and every B”構(gòu)成的并列主語，其后的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。有時，可以省去第二個each或every。例如：Every hour and every minute is important.  每一小時和每一分鐘都是寶貴的。Each man and (each

12、) woman is asked to help.  每一個男女都被要求給予幫助。 表示時間、距離、價格、度量衡等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式用作主語時，通常作為整體看待，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：Three days is too long for us to wait.  要我們等三天，時間太長了。A hundred miles is a long distance.  一百英里是一段很長的距離。Ten thousand dollars is cheap enough for that house.  一萬美金買那所房子是夠便宜的。 有些形式為單數(shù)、意義為復(fù)數(shù)的

13、名詞（如：people, police, staff等）用作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：There were many people at the meeting.  許多人參加了會議。The police have caught the thief.  警方抓住了那個盜賊。 集體名詞（如：class, family, group, team, crowd等）用作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于集體名詞的意義。當(dāng)集體名詞指整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)集體名詞指其中的個體時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：The class is the best one in the grad

14、e.  這個班級是年級中最好的班級。Almost every family there owns a motorcar.  那里幾乎每家都擁有一輛摩托車。   Before the match our team was expected to be the best one.  比賽前，我們球隊被認(rèn)為是最好的。   The team are driving to the game in their own cars.  全隊人開著自己的車去比賽。 none用作主語時，謂語動詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式；作為單數(shù)看待時，謂語動詞用

15、單數(shù)形式。例如：None of the suggestions was accepted. None of the children in the class are tired of his lesson. some, any, all, more, most等代詞做主語時，謂語動詞要與它們所指代的名詞的數(shù)一致。例如：Some (of the apples) remain green.  有些蘋果還是綠的。Some (of the fish) went bad.  有些魚發(fā)臭了。All was quiet in the street.  街上一切平靜。All (

16、of the people) have gone.  所有的人都走了。（8）主語中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語時,謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行車, 今天出售.60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 這個蘋果的60%都被這個小男孩吃了.Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋果都是爛的.Most of the apple was eaten by a

17、rat. 這個蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了.3就近一致的原則：就近一致的原則就是指謂語動詞的數(shù)與并列主語中最靠近它的那個主語保持一致。 There be 句型和Here be中的be的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于其后的主語，如果其后是由and連接的并列主語，則應(yīng)與最靠近的那個主語保持一致。例如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.  房間里有一張餐桌和四把椅子。Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.  這里有一支筆、幾個信封和一些紙給你。 當(dāng)兩個主語由 or, eith

18、er or, neither nor, not only but also, whether or連接時，謂語動詞和最靠近的主語保持一致。例如：No food or water is allowed to take with.  不準(zhǔn)帶食物和水。Either a telephone or a fax machine is needed in my office. Neither you nor he knows how to answer the question. 你和他都不知道如何回答這個問題。Not only the students but also their teache

19、r likes the film.  二、例題分析: many students are there in your school -_ the students in our school _ over two thousand. 選擇填空                              

20、;           A. The number of, is          B. The number of, are    C. A number, is              D. A number of, are分析:本題問“有多少

21、學(xué)生”實際是問“學(xué)生的數(shù)量”，應(yīng)該用the number of來回答; 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(答案A) than one man _ been sent to the place since 1979.選擇填空      A. has        B. have      C. had           D. is分析:“more t

22、han one 單數(shù)名詞”做主語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。(答案A)3. Whether he comes or not _ nothing to do with me. 選擇填空      A. are         B. is           C. has         

23、0;   D. have分析:“Whether he comes or not”是主語從句，主句謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(答案C)4. Sheep is kept for their wool and mutton. 改錯           分析:Sheep是單復(fù)數(shù)同形，句中有their一詞，可知本句中的Sheep應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(答案is改為are)5. All is satisfied with what he said. (改錯)  

24、        分析:本句中的All意為“所有人（= All of the people）”，是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(答案is改為are)三、鞏固練習(xí)。I. .用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Two thousand miles _ (be) too far for us to travel over a short vacation.2. The old in my country _ (be) cared for by their children and grandchildren.3. There _ (b

25、e) a pair of trousers on the sofa.4. Ten divided by two _ (equal) five.5. The Chinese people _ (be) a great people.6. Nobody but Tim and Tom _ (be) in the room.7. Li Fang like many girls _ (like) dancing.8. Every boy and every girl _ (want) to go there.9. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _

26、(be) sea.10. All of the work _ (be) finished.II.選擇填空。1. The rich _ not always happy.A. are           B. is            C. has           D. have2.

27、The old woman, together with her two grandsons, _ crossing the road.A. are             B. is           C. has              D.

28、 have3. This pair of trousers _ Lucys. Your trousers _ on your bed.A. is, are         B. is, is          C. are, are         D. are, is 4.      &

29、#160;  kilometers _ a very long way to go in a day.A. are                B. has               C. is        

30、60;        D. have5. Climbing hills _ better than having classes.A. are            B. is            C. was        &

31、#160; D. have6. What he wanted to know _ why they didnt tell him.A. are            B. was          C. were          D .is7. Either you or he _ to stay at h

32、ome this afternoon.A. has        B. have         C. are               D. is8. Neither of the twins _ bread.A. like       

33、;   B. likes          C. liked             D. is like9. Fish and chips _ my favorite food.A. is            B. are   

34、;         C. has            D. become10. The singer and dancer _ come to our city.A. are           B. is        

35、60;    C. have             D. has11. Three-fourths of the water _ gone.A. is         B. are          C. have      D

36、. were12. Everybody, men and women, young and old, _ listening to the radio here.A. enjoys      B. enjoy       C. is enjoyed     D. are enjoyed13. Either Tom or Maria _ sure to know the answer.A. are    &#

37、160;     B. be         C. is           D. were14. Neither you nor he _ how to answer the question.A. know           B. knows  

38、0;        C. knowing       D. to know15. I as well as they _ ready to help you.A. am        B. are         C. is        

39、    D.  be16. The number of the students in the class _ about forty.A. is           B. are          C. were        D .have17. Every hour and every min

40、ute _ important.A. are        B. be        C. is          D. were! The Turner family _ having supper under the tree in front of their house.A. is      

41、0;  B. are        C. like          D. like19. Not only the twins but also their father _ the film.A. like        B. likes        C. liking &

42、#160;       D. is like20. He is one of the children who _ fond of playing football.A. is           B. was       C. were          D. are四、應(yīng)用性訓(xùn)練。I.

43、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Neither the teacher nor the students _ (have) enough time.2. Most of the houses _ (need) painting.3. A person who has good friends _ (enjoy) life more.4. John, together with his family, _ (be) flying to London.5. Few of my family really _ (understand) me. third of the students_(be) b

44、oys.(be) twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. a students _(have) this new dictionary. man, woman and child _(be) asked to contribute. old man or mature(成熟) woman_(be) needed for this job.II. 選擇填空。1.  There _a lot of people at the street corner when the accident happe

45、ned.A.      Was   B. were    C. have been   D. had2.  Neither she nor Dick and I _interested in maths.A.      Is       B. are       C. am &#

46、160;   D. be 3.  Fish and chips _the most popular take-away food in England.A.      Are      B. is      C. were         D. was4.  How many students are the

47、re in your school -_the students in our school _over two thousand.A.      The number of; of       number of ; are number of ; of           D. A number of ;are 5. All my classmates, except Wu

48、 Lin,_ interested in singing English songs.A.      Is      B. am             6.  Neither he nor I _from Canada. We awe from Australia.A.      Is  

49、0;   B. was          7.  The teacher told us yesterday that December 25_Chritmas Day.A.      is     B. was    been     be8.  He thinks that two moths _quit

50、e a long time.A.      is         C. be   D. was9.   There _a sports meeting in our school next week.  hold   B. will have   C. is going to be   D. is going to hold10.  Are the twin

51、s on thee team-No, neither of them_on the team.      B. Are    C. were   11.  Im going to do some shopping this .A.      do   B. will    C. am I   am12.   What_ the popular of Canada Do you think it will_A.      is; become  B. are; become  C. are; grow  D. is; grow13.&#