非謂語動(dòng)詞WORD

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞專題 負(fù)責(zé)人：李曉秀考試說明的內(nèi)容及要求 1.三種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的構(gòu)成及其內(nèi)涵; 2.不同的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式在句子中的不同語法功能; 3.句子結(jié)構(gòu)的知識(shí)、詞類及其功能（句子成分）、從句的知識(shí)近五年安徽高考考點(diǎn)分布及命題趨勢(shì) 考點(diǎn)考查情況非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語2008年第30題 2010年第30題2011年第30題2012年30題非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語2009年第28題非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語2012年第24題 從近五年安徽英語試題來看，非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)安徽高考的熱點(diǎn)，非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語和賓語也是安徽高考的重點(diǎn)。預(yù)計(jì)未來高考將繼續(xù)保持這種趨勢(shì)一輪復(fù)習(xí)中存在的問題從一輪復(fù)習(xí)的四次診斷性測(cè)試來看，在非謂語動(dòng)詞試

2、題命題過程中，如果試題中出現(xiàn)較為復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，學(xué)生往往很難判斷出設(shè)空在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，進(jìn)而容易出現(xiàn)誤選。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與教學(xué)策略 1.鑒于高考命題趨勢(shì)和學(xué)生中存在的問題，在非謂語動(dòng)詞的教學(xué)中應(yīng)讓學(xué)生真正領(lǐng)悟非謂語動(dòng)詞的內(nèi)涵 2.解答非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)遵循以下解題思路：(1) 解析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定設(shè)空在句子中的成分（如狀語、定語或賓語）（2）找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語，確定該動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語時(shí)什么關(guān)系（3）搜索句子中相關(guān)的時(shí)間信息，確定非謂語動(dòng)詞的恰當(dāng)形式。（4）將該選項(xiàng)置入空中，看能否做到字從意順，或傳達(dá)有效信息、完成交際任務(wù)。專題教學(xué)主要內(nèi)容基本概念：非謂語動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動(dòng)詞，主要包括不定式、

3、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞），即動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外，可以承擔(dān)句子的其他成分。一.非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式1.肯定式非謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式不定式一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing-完成式to have done To have been done完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing-現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞一般式doingbeing done完成式having doneHaving been done過去分詞-done2. 否定式：以上肯定式前加not,如： not to do, not doing. not to be done3

4、. 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)就是在動(dòng)名詞前加上它的邏輯主語。形式為：名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時(shí)可用名詞的普格，代詞的賓格作邏輯主語His not coming to my birthday party made me a little anxious,I remember Janes/Jane going there.(2)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu): for/of sb/sth +不定式 It is a must for us to have a good command of the English language.二.非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法作用 三 非謂語動(dòng)

5、詞常見考點(diǎn) 考點(diǎn)一：非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語 1.不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作主語，謂語通常用單數(shù)。但動(dòng)名詞做主語多指抽象的概念性動(dòng)作，可以是多次的、經(jīng)常的行為;不定式做主語常表示某次具體的行為。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危險(xiǎn)。（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous.玩火會(huì)發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)。（指一個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作）2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，往往用it作形式主語，而把真正的不定式主語放在句尾。常用句型有句型：（1）It +be +形容詞+to do sth.(It would be foolish not to accept his of

6、fer.)（2）It+ be +形容詞.+ for sb to do sth（for后面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語） It would be hard for one to do a bit of good.（3）It+ be +形容詞.+ of sb. to do sth.（當(dāng)作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質(zhì)或特征時(shí)，就用介詞of） It was selfish of him not to contribute anything（4）It+ be + 名詞 +to do sth. It was not his habit to ask people for things.（5）

7、It+ 動(dòng)詞（+賓語）+to do sth It took me a year to save up for a new coat.（6）It +be +介詞短語+to do sth It is beyond my power to answer this question.3 為避免頭重腳輕，可以用it 作形式主語，真正的動(dòng)名詞主語后置，常用句型 no(little) use/good useless It is/was worth doing not any use/good of little use/good It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水

8、難收考點(diǎn)二：非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語一、不定式作賓語 1下列動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣 決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝 主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。 decide/determine, learn,want,expect/wish/hope; refuse manage ,care, pretend offer,promise,choose,plan; agree,ask/beg,help此外 afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作賓語。如 She pretended not to see me when I passed by.2用代詞

9、it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)放在句尾。需用it代不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：find, make, think, consider, feel 等。He feels it his duty to say that you are wrong.3有些動(dòng)詞后可用“疑問詞+不定式”做賓語，常用的動(dòng)詞有：decide, discover, forget, inquire, know, learn, see, think, wonder. eg. we dont know where to go.4. 不定式作賓語一般不作介詞的賓語，僅限于but/except/besides等幾個(gè)有限的介詞。如果

10、介詞前為動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，則后接不帶to的不定式，否則帶to. 此外cannot choose but,cannot help but, cannot but 等后面的不定式也省略 toWe could do nothing but wait. We have no choice but to wait.We cant choose but wait.二、動(dòng)名詞作賓語1.下列動(dòng)詞（詞組）只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，請(qǐng)牢記口訣 考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想 避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞 禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,e

11、xcuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off,fancy;avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,forbid,imagine,risk,cant help,mind,allow/admit,escape此外 be used/accustomed to; lead to; devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand, give up, feel like, insi

12、st on, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in)have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in)等動(dòng)詞詞組也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語三、.某些動(dòng)詞既可以跟不定式作賓語也可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語1、跟不定式作賓語和跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語沒有太大區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞 Start/begin,intend,continue,attempt,plan 注意：begin,start是“物”作主語，本身是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或所接賓語是表示心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后只能接不定式She s

13、tarted to realize the situation.They are beginning to make a plan.2、 跟不定式作賓語和跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語細(xì)微區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞Like,love,prefer,dislike,hate,etc. 接動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作 接不定式表示一次性、具體的動(dòng)作3、跟不定式作賓語和跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語有差別動(dòng)詞 1）forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）2）stop to do 停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事3）remember

14、 to do 記住去做某事（未做）remember doing記得做過某事(已做)4) regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾regret doing對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔5）try to do努力、企圖做某事try doing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法6) mean to do打算，有意要mean doing意味著7）go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）8）cant help (to) do sth不能幫助做某事 cant help doing sth情不自禁做某事考點(diǎn)三：非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語 1不定式作表語表示主語的“職業(yè)，職責(zé)和性質(zhì)”等。

15、 2動(dòng)名詞作表語說明主語的具體內(nèi)容Our work is serving the people 3現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征 4過去分詞作表語表主語所處的狀態(tài) They were very excited at the news Travelling is interesting but tiring注意：若主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)保持形式上的一致 Seeing is believing.(To see is to believe)考點(diǎn)四：非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語一、不定式作定語 1.表將來 The car to be bought is for his sister.2.被修飾的名詞前有

16、序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next， second, last, only和not a, the等限定詞時(shí)候，且與中心詞為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。如：He is the best man to do the job. 3. 不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時(shí)間、機(jī)會(huì)、權(quán)利等抽象名詞，說明其內(nèi)容ability， drive，movement，ambition， effort努力，嘗試 need需要，需求campaign戰(zhàn)役，運(yùn)動(dòng) failure失敗，不及格 opportunity機(jī)會(huì)chance機(jī)會(huì) force， promise,courage, intention意向，意圖 reason decision

17、決定 method方法，方式 light光，光線，亮光 determination決心，決定 motive動(dòng)機(jī)，目的 struggle奮斗，努力， tendency傾向，趨勢(shì) wish希望，愿望，祝愿Do you have the ability to read and write in English?二、動(dòng)名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的用途和性能 a sleeping bag a walking stick a swimming pool 三、分詞作定語，相當(dāng)與一個(gè)定語從句，通常單個(gè)詞要前置，短語要后置。 1.作定語的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式意義v-ing被修飾的名詞與分詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系being do

18、ne被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行done被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成 Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？2.作定語的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式意義V.-ing表示正在進(jìn)行或表示特征done表示完成或狀態(tài)boiling water正在沸騰的水 a good-looking flower一朵好看的花（表特征）boild water白開水（表完成）falling leaves正在下落的葉子 fallen leaves已經(jīng)下落的葉子3.英語中有些表示感覺的動(dòng)詞

19、，其現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示“令人感動(dòng)”過去分詞表示“感到” an exciting voice令人興奮的聲音 a puzzling expression令人困惑的表情 an excited voice興奮的聲音 a puzzled expression感到困惑的表情練習(xí)：考點(diǎn)五：非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語1.后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組 ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish, warn, expect, prefer, encourage, wait for, call on, de

20、pend on等二 .非謂語動(dòng)詞作感官動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語 1)感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observ的賓語補(bǔ)足語有四種形式，以see為例 doing sth看見正做某事 do sth看見做了某事See+賓語 being done看見正在被做 done看見被做注意：不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示完成或狀態(tài)I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.2)使役動(dòng)詞make,let,have,get的賓語補(bǔ)足語 1）make/let +賓語+ do讓某人做某事（賓語與賓補(bǔ)是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系）

21、 done 讓被做（賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系） 2）have +賓語 + do sth 使做某事 doing sth 使持續(xù)做某事 done 使被做或使遭受注意：a)have sb doing sth若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如 I wont have you speaking to your Dad like that. b)have sth to do 結(jié)構(gòu)中”have”作“有”的意思，不定式作定語 I have something urgent to inform you. 3)get +賓語+ to do sth使做 doing sth使持續(xù)做某事；使某人/物行

22、動(dòng)起來 done使被做 The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.三.下列動(dòng)詞（詞組）在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用不帶“to”的不定式作補(bǔ)足語，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要加上”to”:它們是“吾看三室一廳一感覺” 5看（look at ,see,watch,notice,observe,） 3使（make,let,have）; 2聽(listen to,hear) 1感覺（feel）四、動(dòng)詞leave,keep,set,find,catch 及介詞with后加非謂語動(dòng)詞作復(fù)合賓語的情況 1 leave+ sb doi

23、ng留下某人一直做某事（賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系） sth undone留下某事沒做（賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成） sb to do留下某人去做某事 （不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作） sth to be done 留下某事未做2 keep sb/sth doing 使/讓某人/物一直做 Sb/sth done 使某人/物被如：Keep the engine running.You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.3. set sb to do sth(=make sb do sth) 讓某人做某事 Sb/sth doi

24、ng讓某人/物開始做某事，讓某事開始發(fā)生 Eg. He set the students to set down what he said. Her words set us thinking.4. find sb doing sth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事 Sth done發(fā)現(xiàn)某事已經(jīng)被 sb/sth(to be)發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物如：We found him (to be) dishonest.Often I found her quietly weeping alone.I found her buried in a novel.5.catch sb doing sth 撞見某人正做某事 I cat

25、ched him reading my private letters.6.with sb/sth doing 表主動(dòng)且進(jìn)行，或表特征 sth being done 表被動(dòng)而且進(jìn)行 sth done 表被動(dòng)而且完成，或表狀態(tài) sth to do 表示將來如：John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.With a lot of difficult problems to sottle,the newly-elected president is having a h

26、ard time.7.注意下列結(jié)構(gòu)中用不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語Sb be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/thought to do /to have done/to be doing 如：He is said to have gone abroad=It is said that he has gone abroad. Heat is considered to be a form of energy. They are supposed to here an hour ago.考點(diǎn)六：非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語一不定式、分詞作狀語的基本原則 不定式、分詞作狀語時(shí)

27、，不定式、分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致 Not knowing English, he couldnt understand the movie He went home to see his parents.二、不定式作狀語表目的、結(jié)果或原因 1.不定式作目的狀語常用“so as to/in order to”。so as to 不可位于句首。不定式作目的不可用逗號(hào)與句子隔開To make himself heard, he raised his voice.(目的)Bob took down my teltphone number so as /in order not to f

28、orget it. 2.不定式作結(jié)果狀語 不定式短語表示結(jié)果時(shí)，常于only, just連用，暗示一種“意外的結(jié)果，意想不到，不料” He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. He hurried to the booking office, only to be told that all the tickets have been sold out.(2) 常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：so as to; such as to; tooto; enoughto Im too tired to walk any further tonight. M

29、y son is old enough to go to school alone. Would you be so kind as to give me an early reply? Im not such a fool as to believe that.注：在有些句子中，tooto 可表示肯定含義(略)3.跟在某些表示喜怒哀樂等感情的詞后面表原因。 e.g.: Im sorry to have troubled you. He was surprised to learn how much shed spent.三、分詞作狀語 1、分詞作狀語時(shí)其形式的選擇形式意義v.-ing與句中主

30、語為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與句中謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或沒有一定的時(shí)間性having done與句中主語為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生done與句中主語為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表完成或沒有一定的時(shí)間性being done與句中主語為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般作原因狀語位于句首having been done與句中主語為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前2.分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，還可與while,when,once,if,unless等連詞連用表時(shí)間： (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced

31、worker. 表原因： Being a League member, he is always helping others. 表行為方式或伴隨狀況： He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. Alice stopped speaking as if waiting for him to speak. 表?xiàng)l件： (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 表結(jié)果： He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 表讓步： Though r

32、aining heavily, it cleared up very soon. Weighing almost 100 pounds, the stone was moved by him alone3. 獨(dú)立成分（垂懸分詞）作狀語： Frankly speaking（坦白地說），seeing（考慮到），considering/ taking into consideration（考慮到），supposing/ providingprovided/ assuming（如果，假使） Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外

33、表看，他一定是個(gè)演員。 Walking or sleeping, the subject was always in my mind. Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來，女孩子更細(xì)4.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語應(yīng)和句子主語保持一致。但有時(shí)非謂語動(dòng)詞帶有自己的邏輯主語，在句子中作狀語，我們稱之為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。它的構(gòu)成是： 名詞/代詞+ 現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式/形容詞/副詞/名詞/介詞短語/名詞/代詞All the tickets having been sold out, they went away dis

34、appointedly. Time permitting, well do another two exercises.考點(diǎn)七：非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 一、不定式主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。1.當(dāng)不定式短語作定語，與所修飾的名詞或代詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，主句主句又是不定式的邏輯主語時(shí)，則使用不定式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。如： I have a lot of things to do today. Ill go to Beijing.Do you anything to be taken to your son?2. 在“主語+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+不定式”句型中，如果作表語的形容詞表示主語給人的心

35、理感覺或感受時(shí)，則即使不定式與主語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但必須使用 主動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：His novel is interesting to read. The car is expensive to buy.3. 在“主語+think/find+賓語+形容詞+不定式”句型中，如果作賓補(bǔ)的形容詞表示賓語給人的心里感覺或感受時(shí)，則即使不定式與賓語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但必須使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。 We think English easy to learn.4某些表示出租、責(zé)備、解雇之類的不定式短語作表語使用，常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表 示被動(dòng)意義。如：let，rent，hire，blame等。 The house is to l

36、et/rent. 這房屋出租。 He is not to blame. 他不該受責(zé)備。5.不定式修飾there be句型中的主語時(shí)，主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，也可用被動(dòng)形式 。如： There are many problems to work out/to be worked out.6.“tooto”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng) The meat is too hot to eat.二、動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義 （1）“need，want，require，deserve”等詞跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式作賓語表示與主語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，也可以使用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作賓語。如： The matter requ

37、ires looking into (to be looked into). He deserves punishment/punishing/to be punished. （2）It is worth doing sth. = Sth. be worth doing. = Sth. be worthy to be done. = Sth. be worthy of being done.精講例題一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) 1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt und

38、erstand it . A. Having been told . B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been told 3. _to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office . 5. _to the left , and youll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned 分析：句1. 用連詞but 引導(dǎo)并列句子，因此，

39、前面也是個(gè)獨(dú)立句子成分，故選C。 句2. 句中用逗號(hào)隔開，且無連詞引導(dǎo)，因此，前面不是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，只是句子的一個(gè)成分，故選A， 用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語。 句3. 同句2，選A 。 句4. 前面用if 引導(dǎo)從句，故選C ，構(gòu)成 從句謂語。 句5. 同句1，選C。 二、分析邏輯主語 確定要選非謂語動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。 1. _no buses , we have to walk home . A. There being B.

40、 It were C. There were D. It being 2. _Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home . 分析：句1. 表示沒有公共汽車，應(yīng)用there be結(jié)構(gòu)，即邏輯主語是there，故選A 。 句2. 同理選D。 三、分析語態(tài) 分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系 1. _from space , the earth looks blue . 2._from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To

41、see D.See 這兩個(gè)題選項(xiàng)中的非謂語動(dòng)詞都沒有加自己的邏輯主語, 因此其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。 分析：句1. 地球被看起來，表被動(dòng)，故選A，用過去分詞表被動(dòng)。 句2. 我們主動(dòng)看.即表主動(dòng)，故選B。 3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C.were washed D.having washed 分析：句3. 前面應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作句子的狀語，邏輯主語是th

42、e dirty clothes，和動(dòng)詞搭配表示衣服被洗，故選B。 句4. 邏輯主語為句子的主語the girl，表示女孩洗衣服，為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選D。四、分析時(shí)態(tài)，在選定了主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)后，還要考慮動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間問題，即時(shí)態(tài)。 1. The building _now will be a restaurant . 2. The building _next year will be a restaurant . 3. The building _last year is a restaurant. A. having been built B.to be built C.being built D.

43、 built 句1中 now 說明大樓正在被修，故用進(jìn)行式，選C。 句2中next year 說明大樓將在明年被修，故用表將來的不定式，選B. 句3中 last year 說明大樓已被修，但不能選，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式不能作定語，故用過去分詞，選D。 又如： 1. He stood there_for his mother . 2. _for two hours , he went away . A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D.Having waited 句1表示站在那等，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，故選A作伴隨狀語。 句2表示已經(jīng)等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞went

44、 away 之前，故用完成式，選D 。反饋試卷1.The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught2.-Tell me more about your appointment! - We hardly spoke,but when left,I regretted _ to her more. A.speaking B.having spoken C.not speaki

45、ng D.not to speak3.The lawyer listened with full attention,_ to miss any point. A. not trying B. trying not to C. to try not D. not to try4.Its important for the figures _ regularly. A.to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D.to have updated5.He got well-prepared for the job interview, f

46、or he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost6.One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A.corrects B.correct C.to correct D.correcting7.Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admi

47、t8.【2011四川卷,2】Ladex doest feel like abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D.to study 9.【2011遼寧卷,23】Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read fast. A. what B. who C. how D. why10.In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. sticking B. Stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck11.Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run12.You are supposed to leave your child _ his