必修三Unit2Healthyeating情態(tài)動詞[語法課件]

1、人教課標版人教課標版高一高一 必修必修 3情態(tài)動詞的語法特征情態(tài)動詞的語法特征1) 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 不能單獨做謂語不能單獨做謂語, 除除ought 和和have 外外, 后面只能接不帶后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。的不定式。 2) 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱, 數(shù)的變化數(shù)的變化, 但有些情但有些情態(tài)動詞態(tài)動詞, 如如can、will也有一般式和過去式也有一般式和過去式的變化。的變化。3) 情態(tài)動詞的情態(tài)動詞的“時態(tài)時態(tài)”形式并不是時間區(qū)別形式并不是時間區(qū)別的主要標志的主要標志, 不少情況下不少情況下, 情態(tài)動詞的現(xiàn)在式情態(tài)動詞的現(xiàn)在式形式和過去式形式都可用來表示現(xiàn)在時間、形式和過去式形

2、式都可用來表示現(xiàn)在時間、過去時間和將來時間。過去時間和將來時間。 1) can的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. 表示體力或腦力的能力：表示體力或腦力的能力： eg. The girl can dance very well. B. 表示說話的推測表示說話的推測事物的可能性等事物的可能性等: eg. Can the news be true? C. 在口語中在口語中, can可以表示請求或允許可以表示請求或允許: eg. Can I sit here? can 和和could：2) could的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. could 是是can的過去式的過去式, 表示與過去表示與過去 有

3、關(guān)的能力和推測有關(guān)的能力和推測: eg. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. B. could可以代替可以代替can表示請求表示請求, 但語但語氣較氣較can客氣、委婉客氣、委婉: eg. Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike? 3) can和和could接動詞的完成形式，表接動詞的完成形式，表示可能已經(jīng)做某事。示可能已經(jīng)做某事。can用在否定和疑用在否定和疑問句中問句中, 表示不相信、懷疑等態(tài)度。表示不相信、懷疑等態(tài)度。 eg. They cant

4、have gone out because the light is still on.may 和和might ： may 常用來表示：常用來表示： A. 表示請求、允許表示請求、允許;比比can較為正式較為正式: eg. May I come in ? You may go now. B. 表示說話人的猜測表示說話人的猜測: “也許也許” “可可能能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。 eg. -I believe the man is from England. -But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afte

5、rnoon. 在肯定句中，在肯定句中，may 的可能性比的可能性比can 高，高，may 表示現(xiàn)實的可能性，表示現(xiàn)實的可能性，can 表示表示理論上的可能性。如：理論上的可能性。如： The road may be blocked. 這條路可能不通了。這條路可能不通了。 The road can be blocked. 這條路可能會是不通的。這條路可能會是不通的。 在疑問句中，表示可能性用在疑問句中，表示可能性用can。 如：如：Where can he be? 他會在哪呢？他會在哪呢？ C. 表示祝愿表示祝愿;但語氣較正式但語氣較正式: eg. May you succeed! May yo

6、u have a good journey! might 的用法有的用法有: 多在間接引語中表示過去的可能和多在間接引語中表示過去的可能和允許。如允許。如: She said that he might take her bike. 她說他可以拿她的自行車去用。她說他可以拿她的自行車去用。 除了在間接引語中以外，除了在間接引語中以外，might 一般一般不表示過去的可能或者許可。如要表示不表示過去的可能或者許可。如要表示過去的可能可以用過去的可能可以用could, 表示過去的許表示過去的許可可以用可可以用was( were) allowed to 或者或者 had permission to

7、。 表示現(xiàn)在的可能，其可能性要比表示現(xiàn)在的可能，其可能性要比 may 小。如：小。如： She might go home tomorrow. 說不定他明天會回家。說不定他明天會回家。 表示現(xiàn)在的許可表示現(xiàn)在的許可, 語氣比語氣比may 較委婉較委婉, 一般用于疑問句一般用于疑問句(包括間接疑問句包括間接疑問句), 不可不可用于肯定句或者否定句。用于肯定句或者否定句。 如如: Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你說句話嗎？我可以和你說句話嗎？will和和would： 1. will是助動詞或是情態(tài)動詞？是助動詞或是情態(tài)動詞？ will用于構(gòu)成將來時是助動詞。用

8、于用于構(gòu)成將來時是助動詞。用于表示表示“意志意志”“”“決心決心”“”“請求請求”是情態(tài)是情態(tài)動詞。動詞。would亦同理。亦同理。 eg. I will tell you something important. 我要告訴你一些重要的事。我要告訴你一些重要的事。 （助動詞）（助動詞） Will you tell her that Im here? 請您告訴她說我在這兒，好嗎？請您告訴她說我在這兒，好嗎？ （情態(tài)動詞）（情態(tài)動詞） 2. 在疑問句中用于第二人稱，提出請在疑問句中用于第二人稱，提出請求或詢問。求或詢問。 eg: If you want help - let me know, wi

9、ll you? 如果你需要幫助如果你需要幫助, 讓我知道讓我知道, 好嗎好嗎? Will you type this, please? 請打印這個請打印這個, 好嗎？好嗎？ Wont you sit down? 請坐下請坐下, 好嗎？好嗎？ 3. would比比will客氣委婉?？蜌馕?。 eg: Would you help us, please? 請您幫助我們，好嗎？請您幫助我們，好嗎？ （表請求）（表請求）Id go there with you. 我要和你一塊到那兒去。我要和你一塊到那兒去。 Teacher wouldnt allow it. 老師不會允許這件事。老師不會允許這件事。（

10、表意愿）（表意愿）（表許可）（表許可）shall和和should： 1. shall用于構(gòu)成將來時是助動詞。用于構(gòu)成將來時是助動詞。 shall用于征求對方的意見，表示用于征求對方的意見，表示 “決心決心” 是情態(tài)動詞。是情態(tài)動詞。 eg: Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. 可能今年冬天我會去英國觀光?？赡芙衲甓煳視ビ^光。 （構(gòu)成一般將來時（構(gòu)成一般將來時, 助動詞）助動詞） Shall we go by train, Mom? 媽媽，我們乘火車去好嗎？媽媽，我們乘火車去好嗎？ （用于征求對方的意見，情態(tài)動詞）（用于

11、征求對方的意見，情態(tài)動詞） I shall go at once. 我必須立即去。我必須立即去。 （表（表 “決心決心”，情態(tài)動詞），情態(tài)動詞） 2. should表示義務、建議、勸告，意表示義務、建議、勸告，意為為 “應該應該”。 “should+ have+過去分過去分詞詞” 表示本應該在過去做但沒有做。表示本應該在過去做但沒有做。 eg: You should keep your promise. 你應該遵守諾言。你應該遵守諾言。 She should have passed the exam. 她應該通過考試的。她應該通過考試的。must和和 have to1.must用于一般問句中用

12、于一般問句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must否定式用否定式用 neednt或或dont have to，做做 “不必不必”,mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允許禁止，不允許” MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt.I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.2.表示表示“必須必須”這個意思時，這個意思時，must 和和have to 稍有區(qū)別。稍有區(qū)別。must著重說明主觀著重說明

13、主觀看法，看法，have to 強調(diào)客觀需要。另外，強調(diào)客觀需要。另外，have to 能用于更多時態(tài)。能用于更多時態(tài)。 Youmustbethenewteacher.Hemustbejoking.Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveallgonehome.3.must表示對某人某事的猜測表示對某人某事的猜測, 作作“準準是是”, “一定一定” , 一般用于肯定句中。對一般用于肯定句中。對過去發(fā)生的事情作肯定判斷用過去發(fā)生的事情作肯定判斷用must have done Hemustcomeandworryherwithquestion,justwhenshewasbus

14、ycookingthedinner.Ofcourse，afterIgavehermyadvice，shemustgoanddotheopposite.4. must表示表示“偏要偏要, 硬要硬要”, 指做令人不指做令人不快的事情快的事情 2. A: _ Xiao Feng find the origin of Easter from that book? B: No, he _. 1. A: _ you like to go to a special event with us on Saturday? B: Yes, I _ _.Wouldd like to go with you on S

15、aturdayCouldcouldnt find itExercise 3. A: _ I go with my friend to the harvest festival? B: Yes, you _ _. 4. A: If I want to be a doctor _ I study science? B: Yes, you _. should study scienceMay may go ( with your shouldfriends )5. A: He is very handsome. _ he play the role of the prince? B: No, he

16、_ _. cant play the role of theCanprince 6. A: The neighbour s children are older this year. _ they stop playing tricks at Halloween? B: Perhaps, they _ _. _ _.Mightor Shouldmight stopor should stop playing tricksplaying tricks at Halloweenat Halloween1. -_ I go out to play, mum? -No, you_. You shoul

17、d do your homework first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustntB練習坊練習坊I. Choose the correct answer.2. -Where is Emma? -I cant say for sure where she is, but she_ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. mayD3. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. A. ca

18、nt have been B. couldnt be C. may have been D. would beA4. How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. mayA5. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving schoo

19、l. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. needntC6.-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey. ( ) A. cant be B. mustnt have been C. shouldnt be D. couldnt have beenD7.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. (

20、) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able toD8. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure. A.must B. can C. may D. willC9. - Could I call you by your first name? - Yes, you_. A. will B. could C. may D. mightC10. Sorry, I m late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep ag

21、ain. A.might B. should C. can D. willA11.-Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.-You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.A.shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldntA12. -When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _be ready by 12 : 00. A. can

22、 B. should C. might D. needB13. With so much work on hand, you _ to see the game last night. A. mustnt go B. could have goneC. shouldnt go D. shouldnt have goneD14.Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; mayC. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; wouldntB15.There is n

23、o light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _? A. didnt they B. dont they C. mustnt they D. havent theyD16. I missed the bus, so I _ go home on foot. A. must B. may C. can D. had toD1. “_ you walk without my help?” Father asked his little son.2. He _ be married, but Im not sure.3.

24、What you said _ be true, but I just couldnt believe you. Canmay / mightmightII. 用括號中所給的情態(tài)動詞用括號中所給的情態(tài)動詞(can / could, may / might, will / would, shall / should, must) 填空。填空。4. Marys score on the test is the highest in her class. She _ have studied very hard.5. _ you like to give me a hand when I go up

25、stairs?6. _ we go to the cinema?mustWouldShall7. We _ help him to solve the problem if he asks us to.8. He hurt his foot and _ not play football.9. As students, we _ study hard.willcouldshould 2Find the sentences containing modal verbs in the reading passage.Then usually by lunchtime they would all

26、be sold.What could have happened?Nothing could be better”Something terrible must have happened if He could not believe his eyes.Perhaps he should go to the library and find out.He had better do some research!Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Huis foodThey would become tired

27、very quickly.Modal verbsa. should, ought to都可表示都可表示“應該應該”。ought to用于用于表示按道理應當表示按道理應當，常指，常指客客觀的義務或責任觀的義務或責任，大多數(shù)情況下可用大多數(shù)情況下可用should代替，但比代替，但比should語氣重語氣重。I should help her because she is in trouble.You ought to take care of the baby.b. 表示勸告、建議或命令時，表示勸告、建議或命令時，should和和ought to可通用可通用，但在，但在疑問句中常用疑問句中常用sh

28、ould。ought to的否定式為的否定式為oughtnt to或或ought not to。You should / ought to go to class right away.Should I open the window?What should we do next?c. should, ought to都可表示推測。都可表示推測。He ought to / should be home by now. This is where the oil ought to / should be. should 和和ought to 后面跟動詞不定式的完成后面跟動詞不定式的完成式式, 其

29、肯定句表示其肯定句表示“過去應該做而未做過去應該做而未做”, 其其否定句則表示否定句則表示 “過去不該做但做了過去不該做但做了”。You should/ought to have made the decision a week ago.I shouldnt have made such a foolish mistake. 多數(shù)情況下，多數(shù)情況下，ought to可與可與should互換使用?；Q使用。ought to的反意疑問句用的反意疑問句用shouldnt替代。替代。注意注意You ought to have helped him with his English, _?A. wont

30、 you B. ought not youC. shouldnt youD. wouldnt you 2. must和和have to must的用法的用法 1) 表示主觀的義務和必要表示主觀的義務和必要, 主要用于肯主要用于肯定句和疑問句定句和疑問句, 意思為意思為 “必須必須，得得，要，要”；由；由must引起的疑問句，引起的疑問句，肯定回答要用肯定回答要用must或或have to, 否定回答要否定回答要用用neednt或或dont have to, 意思是意思是“不不必必” ； must的否定形式的否定形式mustnt表示禁止，意表示禁止，意思是思是“不能，不許不能，不許”。如：。如：

31、 Must I finish the task right now? 我現(xiàn)在必須完成這個工作嗎？我現(xiàn)在必須完成這個工作嗎？ Yes, you must. / Yes, you have to. 是的。是的。 (No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 不，不必。不，不必。) You mustnt come here without permission. 未經(jīng)允許，你不能來這兒。未經(jīng)允許，你不能來這兒。 have to 的用法的用法 1) must表示一種主觀的需要，而表示一種主觀的需要，而have to表示一種客觀的需要，意思表示一種客觀的需要，意思是是

32、“不得不不得不”。 如：如： I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon. 今天下午我不得不參加一個重要的今天下午我不得不參加一個重要的會議。會議。 Mother is out, so I have to look after the shop. 媽媽不在家，因此我不得不照看媽媽不在家，因此我不得不照看商店。商店。 2) have to 的否定形式是的否定形式是dont have to, 相當于相當于neednt。如：。如： They dont have to buy a computer at present. 他們目前沒有必要買

33、電腦。他們目前沒有必要買電腦。 【考例【考例】The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we _ go to work tomorrow. (上海上海 2007春春)A. cant B. mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt【點撥【點撥】考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)題意考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)題意, 可知可知這里表示這里表示“沒有必要沒有必要”, 故只能選故只能選C項。項?！究祭究祭縒hat do you think we can do for our aged parents?You _ do anything except t

34、o be with them and be yourself. (重慶重慶 2007)A. dont have to B. oughtnt toC. mustnt D. cant 【點撥【點撥】根據(jù)題意根據(jù)題意“除了和他們呆在一除了和他們呆在一起做你自己外起做你自己外, 沒有必要做任何事情。沒有必要做任何事情?！笨芍@里選擇可知這里選擇dont have to表示表示“不必不必”。故選故選A項。項。3. must和和needa. need作情態(tài)動詞時作情態(tài)動詞時, 只能用于疑問句只能用于疑問句和否定句。構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時不和否定句。構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時不借助于助動詞借助于助動詞do。 Nee

35、d I finish the work today? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.b. must的肯定形式表示的肯定形式表示“必須必須”，否定，否定式式 表示表示“禁止、嚴禁禁止、嚴禁”。 You must come here. You mustnt take the book away from the library. 用下列圖片造句。用下列圖片造句。做適當?shù)倪\動做適當?shù)倪\動 You should do some sports. 慢慢地進食，并有助消化。慢慢地進食，并有助消化。 You ought to eat slowly and its good f

36、or digestion. You should help to set the dinner table. You should keep your room clean.We must listen to the teacher carefully.We mustnt eat in class.You ought to hand on the homework on time.You shouldnt be late for school.We should ask question actively.We shouldnt make noise in class.Make sentenc

37、es 1. 你每天最少要練習一小時口語。你每天最少要練習一小時口語。 You must practise speaking English at least an hour a day 2. 我每天不得不練習一小時口語！我每天不得不練習一小時口語！ I have to practise speaking English an hour a day！ 3. 你應該每天練習不止一小時。你應該每天練習不止一小時。 You ought toshould practice English for more than an hour 4. 你應該讀一下這個。它寫得很好。你應該讀一下這個。它寫得很好。 Yo

38、u ought toshould read this Its very good 5. 你必須讀這個。寫得精彩極了！你必須讀這個。寫得精彩極了！ You must read thisIts marvelous！ Please choose a proper phrase and according to the situations complete the sentences by using should(not)orought(not)to. 1. Lisa needs a change. She _. 2. My salary is very low. You _. should/ou

39、ght to take a few days offshould look for a new job 3. Nick always has difficulty getting up. He _ _. 4. What a beautiful view! You _. 5. Billys room isnt very interesting. He _ _.ought not to /shouldnt go to bed so lateshould take a photoshouldnt/ ought not to use hercar so muchChoose suitable moda

40、l verbs below to complete the following dialogues.ought/oughtnt to should/ shouldnt mustnt neednt (dont) have to will can/ cant1 Sam: How can I grow thinner, Mum?Mum: Well, you _ eat food with plenty of fibre that helps you digest better. And you _ stop drinking cola or eating sweet food.have to sho

41、uld Sam: Does it mean I _ eat my favourite fried chicken any more?Mum: Not exactly, if you love fried chicken, you _ give it up. Just eat it less often. You _ worry too much: a little fried chicken _ do you good! shouldnt needntdont have to/ neednt/ shouldnt will2 Doctor: You are sick because youve

42、eaten poisonous mushrooms. Where did you get them?Lucy: I picked them in the forest. I know we _ eat fresh vegetables.Doctor: Oh, but you _ eat them until youre sure they are not poisonous.Lucy: Thank you, doctor. Ill be more careful next time.have tomustnt 3 Charles: I wish I could see things clear

43、ly in the dark. Tom: Eating carrots _ help you see better. You _ eat some every day.ought to should1. _ to discuss something with someone so that you can make a decision together 2. _ to change food that you have just eaten into substances that your body can use 練習坊練習坊I. 根據(jù)下列英文解釋寫出所缺的單詞。根據(jù)下列英文解釋寫出所缺

44、的單詞。consultdigest3. _ a long pointed orange vegetable that grows under the ground 4. _ containing poison or producing poison carrotpoisonous1. For a long time, Ive built my business with people who are _ (精力旺盛的精力旺盛的), creative, and happy about their work.2. This rich food doesnt _ (消化消化) easily.ener

45、geticdigest根據(jù)下列各句句意及所給單詞的漢語根據(jù)下列各句句意及所給單詞的漢語提示提示, 寫出各單詞的正確形式。寫出各單詞的正確形式。3. The dish of boiled beef and _ (胡蘿卜胡蘿卜) tastes good.4. An increasing number of people are _ (請教請教) their accountants about the tax laws. 5. This medicine is _ (有毒有毒) if taken in large quantities.carrotconsultingpoisonousmust; o

46、ughtnt to; dont have to; couldnt;mustnt; neednt; cant; have toII. 用所給的情態(tài)動詞填空。用所給的情態(tài)動詞填空。1. You _ go on working because you look so tired now. 2. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ have had the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. oughtnt to / dont have to needntmust; oughtnt to; dont have to; couldnt;mustnt; neednt; cant; have to3. If you earn more than 5,000, yo