外研英語選修七語言點整理

1、Module 1 Basketball一、重難點單詞與短語 1abrupt adj.（1）意外的，突然的： e.g.an abrupt change in the weather （2）無理的，唐突的 e.g.He has an abrupt manner. （3）陡的，險峻的；急轉的 e.g.an abrupt hill an abrupt turn詞性變化： abruptly adv. 突然地，唐突地 abruptness n. 突然，唐突；(舉止, 言談等的)粗魯無理 2absorb v. （1）吸收（液體）；承受；承擔 e.g.absorb moisture from the air

2、We will not absorb these charges. （2）吸?。ㄖR）；占有 e.g.The boy absorbs new knowledge quickly. =The boy absorbs into new knowledge quickly. =The boy takes in new knowledge quickly.This job absorbs all of my time. 注意：absorb in的意思是“吸引，專心于”，absorb into才是“吸收”。 （3）吸引；使專心；使全神貫注 e.g.to absorb in study The write

3、r was absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.be absorbed in 全神貫注在，一心從事，熱衷于 拓展：“全神貫注，專心”的表達方法： be lost in/lose oneself in 全神貫注于；沉湎于 e.g.She lost herself in the book. bury (oneself) in 埋頭于；專心于 e.g.He buried himself in his work. concentrate/focus()on 集中在；專心于 e.g.You mu

4、st try to focus your mind on work and study. A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.（4）并吞；兼并 e.g.to absorb the small states In the past 10 years, the company has gradually absorbed all its smaller rivals.3apologize/apologise v. 道歉，辯白 常見搭配： apologize to sb. apologize to sb. for sth. apo

5、logize to sb. for doing sth. apologize for oneself e.g.I have come to apologize to you. I apologized to her for stepping on her foot. I must apologize to you for being late. He apologized for having to leave early. 詞性變化：apology n. 道歉；辯解；辯護 make/offer an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.4appoint vt.任命，

6、委派 e.g.The President appointed a new cabinet member. We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.習慣用法： （1）appoint sb.(to be)+職務或appoint sb. as+職務：任命某人為 （to be可以省略；注意職務前不加任何冠詞。） e.g.appoint sb. to a post 派某人任某職 （2）appoint (+時間、地點等)to do：指定或約定做某事 e.g.to appoint a time for the meeting

7、They appointed a place to exchange stamps. 辨析：appoint, name和assign appoint指官方委任。 e.g.He was appointed as export manager of the firm.He was appointed mayor of the city. name提名，指定（非正式用語，一般不強調被推選的職務） e.g.Since no one has volunteered, I hereby name the following to take charge of the matter.assign委派，分配（

8、一般不涉及職位） e.g.He was assigned an important mission. 派生詞： appointment n. 約會，安排 appointee n. 被任命者 appointer n. 任命者 disappoint vt. 使失望 disappointed adj. 失望的 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 disappointment n . 失望；令人失望的人 5confirm v.（1）證實，進一步確定 e.g.The expression on her face confirmed our worst fears.（2）批準 e.g.Whe

9、n do you think the president will confirm you in office？ 6attend v.（1）attend作及物動詞，意為“出席、參加”（= be present at or go to）。 e.g.Did you attend the concert last night？ She attends church every day. 注：attend主要用來表示參加或出席會議、聽課、上學或看演出等，成為這一集體活動的一名聽眾或觀眾。 （2）attend作及物動詞，意為“護理、照料”（= look after, treat）。 e.g.She ha

10、d to stay at home to attend her sick mother.The doctor has many patients to attend every day.（3）attend作不及物動詞，意為“注意、傾聽”（= pay attention to ），這時常與介詞to 連用。 e.g.Please attend to what Im going to say. 7basis n. 基礎；根據(jù)；主要部分 e.g.What is the basis of your opinion？ Dont evaluate a person on the basis of appea

11、rance. The basis of this drink is orange juice. 辨析：base與basis這兩個詞在作名詞時可表示“基礎；基地”，但其意義是不同的。base用來指某物體的具體“基礎”或底部的“支柱”。 e.g.We camped at the base of the mountain. Our companys base is in New York, but we have extended many branches all around the world.而basis則用來表示抽象意義上的“基礎”，常用于比喻句。 e.g.Whats the basis

12、of your opinion？ We are willing to develop economic relations with all countries on the basis of mutual benefits.習慣用語： on a fifty-fifty basis 對等地(平分)on.basis (=on the basis of) 以為根據(jù)，在基礎上 provide a .basis for 為提供根據(jù) 8average（1）average作名詞，表示“平均”。 e.g.The average of 4,5 and 9 is 6. Parents spend an aver

13、age of $220 a year on toys for their children. The living standard of the people there is above the average.常見短語：on average 平均 e.g.After he became famous, he received 50 letters a day on average.We fail one student per year on average.（2）average作形容詞，表示“平均的”。 e.g.The average age of the students in ou

14、r class is seventeen.9be rude to sb. 對人很粗魯，對某人粗暴無禮 e.g.He was punished because he was rude to his teacher.If you are rude to the boss, you will lose chances of success.反義：be friendly/good/kind to sb. 對友好 10attract/draw sb.s attention 引起某人的注意，使某人注意 常見attention短語： attract/draw sbs attention to 將某人的注意力

15、吸引到上去 pay attention to/give ones attention to 注意 call sb.s attention to 叫某人注意 bring sth. to sb.s attention 使某人注意 turn sb.s attention to 把注意力轉到 fix/focus/hold/center sb.s attention on sth. 把注意力集中在 e.g.We should pay attention to state affairs. Give your whole attention to what you are doing.She drew m

16、y attention to a mistake in the report. She turned her attention to a new problem. 11if necessary 如必要的話 當從句是由“引導詞十it is/it wasadj.”這一結構時，可將it is或it was省略，類似的說法有when necessary, when possible, if possible等。 e.g.If necessary, well try our best to help you.（If it is necessary,） If necessary, we shall se

17、nd a telegram home. This difficulty must be avoided if possible.12take possession of 占有，占領 e.g.The army took possession of this area two hours ago. The old couple took possession of the house 30 years ago. He took possession of this car last year.拓展：(sb. be) in possession of sth. 某人占有/擁有 e.g.Who is

18、in possession of the property？ He is in possession of this house.I am in possession of the beautiful car.The person in possession of the big house is excited.in the possession of =in sb.s possession 某物/某人被某人所占 e.g.That island was in the possession of that country late in the sixteenth century. The b

19、eautiful car is in my possession/in the possession of me.My brother is in possession of all the business. =All the business is in the possession of my brother. 二、句子解析 1Michael Jordan was the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season.the first/second/thirdlast to do意為“第一/二/三最后一個做的人”。英

20、語中，常在序數(shù)詞后用不定式結構來指“第幾個做某事的人”。 e.g.Tom is always the first to come and the last to leave.China was one of the first countries in the world to study the science of farming.Alice was the first to arrive. 2At one point, Chamberlain was so much better than all the other players that they changed the rules

21、 of the game to try to stop him.（1）at one point意為“一度，曾今”。 e.g.My friend and I saw a film yesterday and at one point she was moved to tears. （2）本句中的sothat意為“如此以致”，引導結果狀語從句，可用于以下 句型： soadj. /adv.thatsoadj.a/an單數(shù)名詞thate.g.It is so beautiful a bike that we all like it.提醒：不可說：It is a so beautiful bike th

22、at we all like it.拓展：“如此以致”句型也可用such表達，可用以下句型： such a/an單數(shù)名詞thatsuch + adj.復數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞thate.g.The bike is so beautiful that we all like it.=It is such a beautiful bike that we all like it.注意：英語中象too, as, so, that等詞與形容詞一起修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，應該用句型too/as/so/thatadj.a/ann.結構。 （3）句中much修飾形容詞比較級better, much, rather,

23、 a lot, a great deal, far, by far, not a little等修飾比較級表示“得多”。 e.g.This kind of paper was as soft as light, but much less expensive.This hat is rather more expensive than that. Jack is a lot taller than Lucy. This village is a great deal richer than that one. They need far more money than we do.Tom is

24、 by far the cleverer of the two.注意： 用by far修飾比較級時比較級前應有定冠詞the。 much修飾比較級，more用于多音節(jié)詞或部分雙音節(jié)詞前構成比較級。 very不能修飾比較級。 rather可修飾比較級，fairly卻不可。 a lot, a great deal修飾比較級時表示程度，詞組中不帶of。 3The giant player the NBAs Philadelphia Warriors in the 1959-1960 season and was an immediate success. success在這里作可數(shù)名詞（抽象名詞具體化

25、），意為“成功的人或事”。 e.g.He was not a success as a teacher.The conference was a success. 抽象名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞，但有些抽象名詞可以具體化，用作可數(shù)名詞，表示“的人/事” 。 類似的詞有：surprise, pity等，但fun作“開心的人或事”仍是不可數(shù)名詞。 4But there is no doubt that he deserves the title “outstanding player of his generation”. doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引導的同位語從句。 e.g.I have

26、no doubt that he will succeed. There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter. There is no doubt that he is guilty.doubt用作名詞常與about/of/as to/on等介詞連用。e.g.There is no doubt about it. I have no doubt of his ability. She has her doubts as to this being true. No one has any doubt on this

27、point.。 三、典型例題講解 1How about putting some pictures into the report？ _ A picture is worth a thousand words.（江蘇卷） ANo way. BWhy not？ CAll right？ DNo matter.答案：B 2I must apologize _ you know ahead of time. Thats all right. Afor letting not Bfor not letting Cto let Dnot to let答案：B選擇題：1Mr. Green has recen

28、tly been _ of the company.Aappointed to president Bappointed presidentCappointed a president Dappointed the president 2Try to explain this new theory and give actual examples _.Aif it needed Bwhen necessaryCwhere they are possibleDwhen you are possible3You will soon _ it.Abe used to Bused toCuse to

29、Dbe use to4The girl didnt even look up, all her attention was _ on the pretty doll.Apaid BgivenCdrawnDfixed5The party was _ success. We sang and danced until it came to _ end at midnight. Aa; anBa; the Cthe; anD/;an6My father was among the first people _ to the west. AgoingBto goCgone Dhaving gone7G

30、reat attention must be paid_ education, especially in the countrysideAdevelop Bto developCto developing Ddeveloping8一How are the team playing?Theyre playing well, but one of them _ hurt. Agot BgetsCare Dwere9The boy used to be good. We are _ about why he has changed that much.AworriedBpleasedCdisapp

31、ointed Dpuzzled 10The _ of blood always makes him feel sick.AsightBlookCview Dscene11I wonder what difficulty he had _ the plan. Ato carry out Bcarrying outCcarried outDwith carrying out 12He is brave, hard-working and kind, so he was selected _monitor of our class.Aas a Bto be theCaD不填13Mrs. Greens

32、 car ran into a large tree and she _ in the accident.Agot badly hurtBwas injured badlyCgot badly woundedDwas wounded badly14Nothing can stop a _ student _ his mind to give up his studies.Apromised; to change Bpremised; changingCpromising; changing Dpromising; to change15Although the prices of TV set

33、 are_，he managed to make the manager _ the price of that TV set. Agoing up; bring down Bgone up; go downCgoing up; brought down Dgoing down; bring up答案與提示： 1B。句意為“格林先生最近被任命為公司總裁”。本題為搭配問題。任命某人一個職務不要加“to”，職務前也不能用冠詞。 2B。句中when引導的時間狀語從句補充完整為when it is necessary(to explain this new theory and give actual

34、 examples.)省略了形式主語it及動詞is。 3A。句意為“你很快就會習慣它的?！?be used to sth.習慣于。 4D。 fix ones attention on sth.是固定短語，意為“把注意力集中在某事上”此題用了它的被動語態(tài)。其他選項都不符合結構需要，應排除。 5A。解答該題的關鍵是要把握抽象名詞與抽象名詞具體化代指某一個人或事物時，前面冠詞的用法以及一些固定短語中冠詞的使用。第一空抽象名詞success在此具體化，代指the party，意思為“一次成功的晚會”。 故應該用不定冠詞a限定；第二空come to an end為固定短語，意思為“結束”。答案A。 6B

35、。be the first to do為固定用法，指“第一個/批做的人”。7C。 從句中的pay可知考查詞組pay attention to的用法。to是介詞，后面的動詞要使用-ing形式。又如：Pay attention to your spelling(注意你的拼寫)。 8A。 本題考查主謂一致及時態(tài)的用法。因主語one of them為單數(shù)，故排除C、D兩項；理解句意，結合語境便知：“受傷”是發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時。選項A，got是連系動詞，作“變得”解，表示狀態(tài)的改變，后跟形容詞或過去分詞作表語。題干中，空后hurt是過去分詞作got的表語。又如：You might get bur

36、nt and you might drop the pan of burning oil. 9D。 used to be good表示“曾經(jīng)是個好孩子”，下文的changed that(=so)much表示他改變了許多，這件事使我們十分“不解；迷惑”。 10A。 本題測試同義詞的辨析：sight指以人文景觀或歷史遺跡為主的可供游覽的地方，另外指眼之所見的場景，強調有人、物的活動在內(符合本題“場景”)；view多指在遠處或高處展現(xiàn)在眼前的自然界 的山水風景；scene指具體的、某種周圍一時的景色，以天然的景色為主；look指外表、人的神色，顯然不合本題意。 11B。 分析句子結構在解本題乃至本

37、類題目時作用極大。what作為difficulty的定語，一起作had的賓語，從而構成he had what difficulty _the plan 句式，由此可知它符合句型have some (great, no，little，etc)difficulty(in)doing sth.。 12D。本題沒有直接考查select的同義詞的區(qū)別，只考查了select的用法及后面的冠詞問題。select后面可接as或to be , 但因為被當選的是這個群體(班)的唯一職務，所以名詞前不用任何冠詞。 13B。 首先C、D兩項應該被排除，因為wound多指在戰(zhàn)斗、打斗中受的槍、刀傷，而此題指的是在意外事

38、故(如交通事故)，而且從badly可知受傷很嚴重(hurt不嚴重所以A項被排除)。副詞的位置在解答本題中不起決定性作用。 14C。promising為形容詞，意為“有前途的；有希望的”。由stop sb. doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”知第二空填動詞-ing形式，這句話意為“沒有什么能阻止一位有前途的學生改變主意而放棄自己的學業(yè)?！?15A。從語境看，前一空表示“上漲”，后一空表示“使降價”才合題意，而不是相反。go up是個不及物動詞，bring down是及物動詞Module 2 Highlights of My Senior Year一、重點單詞與短語 1settle vt. &

39、amp; vi.（1）定居，安家落戶 e.g.My son has settled happily in America. He settled in the country after his retirement. （2）在某處停歇或停留一時 e.g.The insect settled on a leaf. （3）使平靜，鎮(zhèn)靜，放松 e.g.Wait until all the excitement has settled down. （4）解決，處理，安排好 e.g.We have settled who will pay for the meal.They settled the d

40、ispute among themselves.2suit vt. & vi.（1）suit作及物動詞用，意為“適合”，主要指顏色、衣著、發(fā)式、時間、口味、氣候、條件、地位等適合某人。（the color or style of a dress or hair) look welle.g.No dish suits all tastes. Does the style suit you？ Im afraid Tuesday suits me better. The new dress suits you very well. Long hair suits her. 在表示“使與相配、

41、使適合于”之意時，常用suit sth to sb./sth. 結構。e.g.He suited his speech to the audience. We should suit the action to the word. 而be suited to/for sb./sth.或be suited to do sth.意為“適合于、對適宜”。e.g.Jack and his wife seem well suited to each other. The girl is suited for teaching. = The girl is suited to be a teacher.

42、Is Western democracy suited to/for the nations of Asia？ 另外，表示“適合”的動詞還有fit, match和become，要注意它們之間用法的區(qū)別：fit常表示大小、形狀“適合”（be the right size or shape），引申為“吻合”。 e.g.The coat fits you well.Does the key fit the lock？ The lid fits the bottle well. match指的是在色調、形狀、性質、設計等方面搭配協(xié)調、很吻合?？勺骷拔锖筒患拔飫釉~。 e.g.Roses clothes

43、and hat dont match. The color of the curtains matches the wallpaper.become表示“適合”時，則有suit和fit的含義和用法。 e.g.The dress really becomes (=fits) her. Does the hat become (=fit) me？ The color becomes (=suits) you well. （2）suit作名詞用時，是可數(shù)名詞，意為“一套衣服、套裝”。 e.g.He is wearing a grey suit. 詞性變化：suitable adj. 適當?shù)?；相配的s

44、uitable后可接for sth.和to sb.。 e.g.I dont think I should be suitable for the post.The work wasnt suitable to me. 3keen adj.（1）銳利的；鋒利的 e.g.A keen north wind was blowing. （2）尖刻的；敏銳的 e.g.He has a keen brain. （3）強烈的；深切的 e.g.Competition is very keen. （4）熱心的；渴望的 e.g.They are rather keen to purchase Chinese go

45、ods. （5）（與連on用）熱心的；對有興趣；喜愛的 e.g.Shes keen on sailing. They are rather keen on your new-type woolens.My roommates are very keen on bridge cards among other things.（6）低廉的（價格） e.g.Please quote keen prices.4consider vt.consider大致有兩種含義。含義不同，用法有別?，F(xiàn)歸納如下：（1）consider作“考慮”解，常用于以下句型： consider+名詞/代詞/動名詞。 e.g.Yo

46、ud better consider my suggestion. Im considering going abroad some day. consider+從句或“疑問詞+不定式”。 e.g.Have you considered what he suggested？ We must consider what to do next. （2）consider作“認為”解時，常用于以下句型： consider sb./sth.+ (as)+形容詞/名詞。其中as可以省略。 e.g.We consider him honest. At first they considered me as

47、a doctor. consider+ sb./sth. +不定式。其中，不定式通常是to be(可以省略)或其他動詞的完成式。 e.g.We consider this matter to be very important. We all consider him to have stolen the bike. consider +it +形容詞/名詞+不定式短語。 e.g.We consider it hard to study English well. I consider it my duty to help you with your studies.consider+賓語從句

48、。 e.g.We consider that the music is well worth listening to. 5develop vt. & vi.（1）發(fā)展，成長；增長 e.g.The company has developed into a big multinational one.（2）develop an interest in sth. 在某方面逐漸產(chǎn)生興趣 e.g.She has developed an interest in international affairs.（3）沖洗，沖?。ㄕ掌?、膠卷等） e.g.Our holiday photos haven

49、t been developed yet.（4）開發(fā)（尤指土地、資源） e.g.Youd better build your houses on developed land so that the buildings dont destroy forest.（5）a developed country = an advanced country a developing country 詞性變化：development n. 發(fā)展 6worn adj. 用舊的 worn是wear的過去分詞，課文中用作形容詞，意為“用舊的”。復合形容詞worn-out是由動詞詞組wear out轉換而來，在w

50、ear out中，wear作“耗損、用壞”解釋。wear out意為“把穿破”，“把用壞”或“使筋疲力盡”。 e.g.a worn patch on the carpet a pair of worn-out bootsHe threw out his worn-out shoes and bought a pair of new ones.I have worn my suit out. I must get another.This kind of stockings wears out quickly.No matter how often they turn up, their wel

51、come never wears out.Im worn out by too much work. Looking after the children wears me out in a short time.7have fun doing sth. 做某事有樂趣 e.g.We are going to have fun learning and speaking English this term.Young people have lots of fun listening to rock music.We are going to have fun playing games aft

52、er school. 8its a great pity that Its a pity (that).是表示“遺憾/可惜”的交際用語，口語中that?？梢允÷?，可以說成Its a thousand pities(that).。從句子結構上講，it是形式主語，that-clause是真正的主語，也就是所指的遺憾的事情。 e.g.Its a pity that you missed the sports meeting last week.Its a pity that you cant go on the trip with us.Its a great pity I couldnt come

53、 to your wedding party.Its a great pity that he should be so careless. 9as far as I am concerned 依我看；就我而言 “as far as I am concerned”用于引出你自己的意見，特別是與別人不同的意見，相當于“I think/in my opinion”。 e.g.As far as Im concerned, we should pay more attention to the safety of school children. As far as I am concerned,

54、you can do what you like.10be likely to do 可能做 該短語中l(wèi)ikely用作形容詞，意為“可能的”。 e.g.It is likely to rain. She is not likely to come next month. He is likely to arrive a bit late.Its likely that they will lose the election. likely可用作副詞，意為“大概”，主要用在most或者very后面。 e.g.Theyll very likely come by car. Ill very likely be at home all day. 二、句子解析 1I can hardly believe it, but my school life is almost over.在這句中，人稱代詞it指代抽象的事物，指的是my school life is almost over。 e.g.It really surprised me when they came together that cold November d