牛津上海版高一上英語U4詞匯句型精講－教案

1、李潔意牛津高一上U4詞匯句型精講閱讀拓展精講U4重點(diǎn)詞匯精講1. director (n) 主管，董事，導(dǎo)演例句：“Five minutes until we start filming”, shouted the director.“開始拍攝還有5分鐘了”，導(dǎo)演大聲地說?！就卣埂?1) direct (v) 指點(diǎn)，指導(dǎo) 詞組：direct sb to a place 指點(diǎn)某人去某地 direct sb to do sth 指點(diǎn)某人做某事例句：The map will direct you to the destination. 這個地圖將會帶你到目的地。 The instruction wi

2、ll direct you to operate the machine 這個說明書會教你怎么操作這個機(jī)器。（a）直接的詞組：in direct contact with 與有直接的聯(lián)系 a direct flight 一個直飛航班例句：I am in direct contact with the manager of your company. 我和你們公司的經(jīng)理保持直接的聯(lián)系。 Youd better take a direct flight to save time. 你最好做直飛航班來節(jié)約時間。(2) direction (n) 方向，指引詞組：in all directions 四

3、面八方 in the direction of 朝著某個方向 give directions 給予指導(dǎo)例句：Troops began shooting in all directions. 軍隊(duì)開始向四面八方射擊。 He drove away in the direction of London. 他開車向倫敦駛?cè)ァ?They give directions to the lost travelers. 他們給迷路的旅客指引方向。2. contestant (n) 參賽者，競爭者例句：Please welcome our next contestant. 請歡迎我們的下一位參賽選手?！就卣埂?

4、1) contest (n) 競賽詞組：a speech contest 演講比賽3. whisper (n) 低語，耳語例句：They discuss in a whisper 他們輕聲討論。(v) 低聲說例句：The children were whispering at the corner. 孩子們在角落低聲說話。4. faint (v) 昏厥，暈倒例句：I almost fainted when she told me. 她告訴我的時候我差點(diǎn)昏倒。(n) 暈厥，昏倒例句：She fell down in a faint. 她昏倒了。(a) 微弱的例句：She answered in

5、a faint voice. 她用微弱的聲音回答。5. seat (v) 使坐下，使就坐詞組：seat oneself 就坐 be seated 就坐例句：Mary seated herself at a desk. Mary在桌邊坐下。The guests were all seated. 客人都已就坐。The hall can seat 1000 people. 這個大廳可以容納1000人。 (n) 座位詞組：take/have a seat 請坐例句：Please have a seat. 請就坐?！就卣埂縮eat 及物動詞，常與反身代詞連用sit 多作不及物動詞6. cue (n) 提

6、示詞組：sbs cue to do sth 提示某人做某事 on cue 恰好例句：I think thats my cue to explain why I am here. 我想那是要我解釋一下為什么我在這里。 And then, the weather changed on cue. 然后，天氣恰好發(fā)生了變化。(v) 提示例句：The manager will cue you when its your turn. 輪到你的時候，經(jīng)理會提示你的。7. boom (v) 使興旺，發(fā)隆隆聲，用宏亮低沉的聲音說例句：The conomy was booming and it created m

7、any job opportunities. 經(jīng)濟(jì)正在迅速發(fā)展，并且創(chuàng)造了很多就業(yè)的機(jī)會。 The announcers voice boomed. 播音員的聲音響亮而低沉。(n) 繁榮詞組：economic boom 經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮 baby boom 嬰兒潮，生育高峰 business boom 生意繁榮8. ahead (adv) 在前詞組：ahead of 在前面 go ahead with 前進(jìn)，發(fā)展 3 hours ahead of time 提前3小時例句：He is ahead of the age. 他站在時代的前頭。 Now you can go ahead with your

8、plans. 現(xiàn)在你可以繼續(xù)你的計(jì)劃了。 He arrived 3 hours ahead of time. 他提前3小時抵達(dá)。9. beat (n) 拍子，節(jié)拍詞組：the steady beat of the drum 節(jié)奏均勻的鼓聲(v) 打敗，擊敗詞組：beat sb at sth 在打敗某人 beat against 反復(fù)在.上拍打例句：I beat Alice at chess. 我在圍棋上贏過Alice。 The rain was beating against the windows. 雨反復(fù)拍打在窗上。【拓展】(1) hit (v) 指有目的的打某一點(diǎn)，襲擊例句：He hit

9、 him on the face. 他打了他的臉 An earthquake hit the district. 這個地區(qū)受到了地震的襲擊。(2) strike (v) 通常指一下一下地打擊或者敲擊例句：Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。 The clock is striking 12. 鐘在敲12點(diǎn)。(3) beat (v) 有毆打，擊敗之意例句：The little boy was beaten by his father. 那個小男孩被他爸爸打了。 10. keep (v) 保持，保存，存放詞組：keep a diary 記日記 keep doing

10、 sth 連續(xù)不斷做某事 keepfrom. 阻止，防止 keep to 遵守，保持 keep off 使不接近，避開 keep up with 跟上 keep out 使不進(jìn)入，使遠(yuǎn)離例句：Its a good habit for you to keep a diary. 記日記對你來說是一個好習(xí)慣。 She keeps doing exercise every day. 她每天堅(jiān)持鍛煉。 She thinks that nothing will keep you from coming. 她認(rèn)為沒有什么事能夠阻止你來。 Traffic in Britain keeps to the lef

11、t. 英國的交通一律靠左行駛。 My doctor has warned me to keep off sugar. 我的醫(yī)生警告我別吃糖。 We should keep up with the times. 我們應(yīng)該跟上時代。 This coat keeps out the wind. 這大衣?lián)躏L(fēng)。11. trend (n) 潮流，趨勢詞組：set a/the trend 帶領(lǐng)新潮流例句：These designers concept set a trend. 這些設(shè)計(jì)師的理念帶領(lǐng)新的潮流?！就卣埂?1) trendy (a) 時髦的，流行的例句：This is a trendy resta

12、urant. 這是個時髦的餐廳。(n) 新潮人物，追求時髦者例句：They are young trendies from art college. 他們是來自藝術(shù)學(xué)院的年輕的新潮人物。12. surround (v) 包圍，環(huán)繞詞組：be surrounded with 包圍例句：This house is surrounded with forests. 這個房子被樹林環(huán)繞?！就卣埂縮urrounding (n) 周圍的事物例句：The house is harmonious with the surroundings. 這個房子和周圍的事物是協(xié)調(diào)的。（a） 周圍的，附近的例句：We de

13、cided to explore the surrounding countryside. 我們決定去探索附近的農(nóng)村。13. achieve （v）完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)詞組：achieve ones ambition/goal 實(shí)現(xiàn)的抱負(fù)/目的 achieve success 取得成功例句：He finally achieved his ambition through his efforts. 他最終通過他的努力實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的理想 What should we do to achieve success?我們應(yīng)該做什么來取得成功呢？【拓展】achievement (n) 成就，成績詞組：sbs achie

14、vement in (doing) sth 某人在某方面的成就例句：The exam tests childrens achievements in reading. 這個考試測驗(yàn)了學(xué)生在閱讀方面的成績14. suspend (v) 懸掛詞組：suspend sth from sth 自懸掛下來 suspend sth by sth 通過把懸掛起來例句：Suspend a lamp from the ceiling. 把燈掛在天花板上。 He was suspended by his feet and beaten with metal bars. 他被吊起雙腳，用金屬棒毆打。15. view

15、er (n) 觀眾，觀察者例句：Stereo speakers are arranged round the viewers. 立體揚(yáng)聲器安置在觀眾的周圍【拓展】(1) view (v) 觀看詞組：be viewed as 被看作是例句：The law is viewed as a way of meeting some social goals. 這項(xiàng)法規(guī)被看作是實(shí)現(xiàn)一些社會目標(biāo)的途徑。(n) 視域，視力詞組：a birds eye view 鳥瞰 in view of sth 鑒于，從角度看 with a view to doing sth=in order to do sth 為了做某事

16、例句：From the plane, we had a birds eye view of Shanghai. 從飛機(jī)上，我們可以鳥瞰上海。 In the view of weather, we will cancel the outing. 因?yàn)樘鞖獾脑?，我們要取消這次郊游。 He is decorating the house with a view to selling it. 他正在裝修房子，為了把它賣了。16. arrange (v) 安排，整理詞組：arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事 arrange a meeting 安排會議例句：I have a

17、rranged for Mary to meet you at the airport. 我已經(jīng)安排瑪麗去機(jī)場接你。 Alice arranges a meeting every week. Alice 每周會安排一次會議?！就卣埂縜rrangement (n) 布置，安排詞組：make arrangements 作安排例句：They are making arrangements for the party. 他們正在為晚會作準(zhǔn)備。17. record (v) 記錄例句：Her diary records all the details of her days. 她的日記記錄了她的時代所有的

18、細(xì)節(jié)。(n) 記錄，唱片詞組：keep a record of 把記錄下來 for the record 可正式報(bào)導(dǎo)，公開地 on record 有記錄的，公開的 create a record 創(chuàng)造記錄 break the record 打破記錄例句：I will keep a record of his telephone conversations. 我將會把他的電話談話記錄下來。 Just for the record, I think the president is a fool. 可以公開地說，我認(rèn)為這個總統(tǒng)是個傻瓜。 The latest typhoon was one of

19、the strongest in Shanghai on record. 最近的臺風(fēng)是上海有史以來最強(qiáng)的一次。 She has created three new world records. 她創(chuàng)造了三項(xiàng)新的世界紀(jì)錄。 Several world swimming records have been broken. 幾項(xiàng)游泳記錄已經(jīng)被打破?！就卣埂?1) recorder (n) 錄音機(jī)，記錄器例句：Could you show mw how to use this recorder? 你能教我怎么用這臺錄音機(jī)嗎？課堂練習(xí)一、 選擇框中適當(dāng)內(nèi)容并以適當(dāng)形式填空director contest

20、ant faint seat beat ahead of strikekeep a record of create a record in the view of be viewed as (1) The famous _ Zhang Yimou _ a short piece of film for Beijing Olympics.(2) Class one _ Class two at the basketball match.(3) Ladies and gentlemen, please get _.(4) Lets welcome the _ from Shanghai.(5)

21、The little girl _ because of hunger.(6) Dont forget _ how much you spend.(7) He is _ age.(8) She fell heavily, _ her head against the floor.(9) When she was young, she _ the smartest girl in her class.(10) _ modern science, this is not the case.參考答案：（1）director; directed (2) beat (3) seated (4) cont

22、estants (5)fainted (6) to keep a record of (7) ahead of (8)striking (9) was viewed as (10) In the view of翻譯句子1. 我確定在我們前方有一片光明的未來。（ahead of）2. 當(dāng)我有約會的時候，我總是會提早一點(diǎn)到達(dá)。（ahead of time）3. 他們把囚犯打的青一塊紫一塊。(beat)4. 在午夜，我不能聽到雨拍打窗戶的聲音。（beat against）5. 我已經(jīng)安排了Alice來參加這次會議。（arrange）6. 請把這些書按順序放在書架上。（arrange）7. 她為了保持

23、健康，每天吃蔬菜。(with a view to doing)8. 科學(xué)家說上個月是史上記載以來最熱的六月。(on record)參考答案：1. I am sure there is a bright future ahead of us.2. When I have an appointment, I always arrive a little ahead of time3. They beat the prisoner black and blue.4. At midnight, I couldnt hear the rain beating against the window.5.

24、I have arranged for Alice to attend this meeting.6. Please arrange these books in the self in order.7. She eats vegetables every day with a view to keeping healthy.8. Scientists said that last month was the warmest June on record.閱讀拓展精講科普類文章一、考點(diǎn)描述科普類文章是高中閱讀理解中的難點(diǎn)題材，其取材密切聯(lián)系當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技等方面的變化，以介紹某一科學(xué)現(xiàn)象居多。并

25、且每年高考都有所涉及，每五篇閱讀文章至少有一篇是科普文章，以體現(xiàn)英語語言的實(shí)用性，同時也增加了試題的難度。因此，同學(xué)們在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中一定要對此引起高度的重視。二、材料特點(diǎn)這類文章的總體特點(diǎn)是：科技詞匯多，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，理論性強(qiáng)，邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。具體說來它有以下幾個特點(diǎn)：1. 文章中詞匯的意義比較單一、穩(wěn)定、簡明，不帶感情色彩，具有單一性和準(zhǔn)確性的特點(diǎn)。這類文章通常不會出現(xiàn)文學(xué)英語中采用的排比、比喻、夸張等修辭手法，一詞多義的現(xiàn)象也不多見。2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，語法分析較困難。為了描述一個客觀事物，嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)自己的思想，作者經(jīng)常會使用集多種語法現(xiàn)象于一體的長句3. 常使用被動語態(tài)，尤其是一些慣用被動句

26、式。三、命題特點(diǎn)科普類閱讀的主要命題形式有事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題、詞義猜測題、推理判斷題以及主旨概括題等，其中推理判斷題居多。四、針對該文體的特點(diǎn)，我們?nèi)绾慰焖儆行У貙ξ恼逻M(jìn)行整體把握？批注：此部分在學(xué)案中應(yīng)顯示為空白，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考。在做科普類文章時，常見的文章大致結(jié)構(gòu)是什么？題目中通常對哪些文章細(xì)節(jié)提問？ 通過學(xué)生自己的分析，再給予指導(dǎo)，總結(jié)出科普類文章做提前的準(zhǔn)備工作為（1） 文章介紹的主要內(nèi)容是什么？（2） 該科學(xué)現(xiàn)象或最新發(fā)現(xiàn)是如何產(chǎn)生的？（3） 該現(xiàn)象或道理的發(fā)現(xiàn)對人們生活已經(jīng)或?qū)硎裁从绊懀?Extensive ReadingWant a glance of the future of h

27、ealth care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people about patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient no matter where he or she may be. Online doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms are t

28、he most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis(遠(yuǎn)程診斷) will be based on real physiological data from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personal data assistance plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to send a patients importan

29、t signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past. Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural(countryside) care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a too

30、l for disaster needespecially after earthquakes. On the whole, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and experts opinions. But there is one problem. Bandwidth(寬帶) is the limiting factor for sending complex(復(fù)雜的) medical pictures around the world CT photos being one of the bigge

31、st bandwidth users. Communication satellites may be able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or wars. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of remote medical service. Doctors have met t

32、o discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts opinions and diagnosis are common. 批注：讀完文章，先讓學(xué)生大致復(fù)數(shù)文章段落大

33、意。并進(jìn)行生詞總結(jié)。本文主要講述人們將來可以通過網(wǎng)上看病，醫(yī)生可以根據(jù)病人的生理數(shù)據(jù)做出遠(yuǎn)程診斷。隨著第二代因特網(wǎng)和第三代移動手機(jī)為將來的遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療服務(wù)，尤其是寬帶網(wǎng)交流價(jià)格的下降，遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療和醫(yī)藥信息、專家意見和診斷共享將成為家常便飯。I. Comprehension Questions1. The writer chiefly talks about _. A. the use of telemedicine B. the on-lined doctors C. medical care and treatmentD. communication improvementKeys: A。主旨題。

34、第2段和第3段的內(nèi)容，可知最佳答案為A。2. The basis of remote diagnosis will be _.A. personal data assistance B. some words of a patientC. real physiological information D. medical pictures from the InternetKeys: C。細(xì)節(jié)題。從第2段第2句話中的remote diagnosis(遠(yuǎn)程診斷) will be based on real physiological data(生理數(shù)據(jù)) from the actual pati

35、ent 可以做出正確判斷。3. Which of the following statements is true according to the text？ A. Patients dont need doctors in hospitals any more. B. It is impossible to send a patients signs over the telephone. C. Many teams use telemedicine dealing with disasters now. D. Broadband communications will become ch

36、eaper in the future.Keys：D. 判斷題。網(wǎng)上可以看病并不就是說病人去醫(yī)院不需要醫(yī)生，排除A項(xiàng)；通過電話發(fā)送病人的信息是可行的，排除B項(xiàng)；現(xiàn)在至少有一個醫(yī)療隊(duì)想用遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療來治療疾病，C項(xiàng)也不對；根據(jù)文章最后一句話With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts opinions and diagnos

37、is are common 可以肯定答案是D。4. The “problem” in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that _. A. bandwidth isnt big enough to send complex medical pictures B. the second-generation of Internet has not become popular yet C. communication satellites can only deal with short-term needs D. there is not eno

38、ugh equipment for spreading the medical careKeys: A。推斷題。根據(jù)第4段第2句話 Bandwidth(寬帶) is the limiting factor for sending complex(復(fù)雜) medical pictures around the world CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users可知答案為A。批注：在學(xué)生大致了解文章大意后，讓學(xué)生在做題時同時劃出做題依據(jù)，并且說出每道題目的考察點(diǎn)是什么。是細(xì)節(jié)題的判斷還是推斷題。從而讓學(xué)生了解做科普類文章的方法，特別要注

39、意的是細(xì)節(jié)題和推斷題的掌握。 II. Put the following phrases either in English or Chinese according to the reading passage1. a glance of2. normal symptoms3. access to medical data4. limiting factor5. 基于 6. 生理數(shù)據(jù)7. 通過電話 8. 作為.的工具 Keys: 1. 撇一眼 2. 普通癥狀 3. 取得醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù) 4. 限制性因素 5. be based on 6. physiological data 7. Over tel

40、ephone 8. As a tool for批注：此部分為學(xué)生積累詞組詞匯 III. Translation1眾所周知，理論要以事實(shí)為依據(jù)。(base on)2社會實(shí)踐是學(xué)習(xí)的一種工具手段。（tool）3戀人們經(jīng)常通過電話交流感情。（telephone）Keys：1. As we all know, theory is based on the fact. 2. Social practice is a tool for gaining knowledge. 3. The lovers strengthen their emotion over telephone. 總結(jié)：科普類閱讀理解四選

41、一解題題思路 Skill：（1） 迅速閱讀文章的第一段，把握該文章介紹的主題內(nèi)容；（2） 閱讀全文，了解該發(fā)現(xiàn)或研究成果的形成過程及影響；（3） 帶著文章后提出的疑問迅速定位相關(guān)信息，不作不確信的猜測，確保解題的正確性?；丶易鳂I(yè)一、 詞匯自默（20min）studio film director contestant whisper faint gasp cameraman seat rush forward powder cue clap boom quiz terrific ahead of tense beat keep still trend surround achieve susp

42、end stereo arrange viewer digital cigarette lighter record cassette 演播室 拍攝 導(dǎo)演 參賽者 . 低語；耳語 昏厥 喘著氣說 攝影師 使坐下 沖上前去 抹粉 提示 拍手. 用洪亮而低沉的聲音說 智力競賽 極好的 領(lǐng)先 緊張的 擊敗 靜止不動 .趨勢 環(huán)繞 達(dá)到；獲得 懸掛 立體聲的 布置 電視觀眾 數(shù)字的 打火機(jī) 記錄盒式磁帶二、 閱讀訓(xùn)練（20min）I know what youre thinking : pizza （比薩餅）? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can

43、have last nights leftovers in the a. m. if you want to I know lots of women who skip breakfast（不吃早餐） , and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it . Some say they dont have time. others think theyre “saving” calories （卡路里）, still others just dont like breakfast food . But the bottom line i

44、s that eating in the morning is very important when youre trying to lose weight. “Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking , R , D , who developed the super-easy eating plan for this years “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can b

45、e healthy if its loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece. Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California

46、 found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal. So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last nights l

47、eftovers-it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow,” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try ityou may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects. 批注：本篇閱讀理解是一篇科普類

48、文章。隨著科技的進(jìn)步、社會的發(fā)展，人們的生活節(jié)奏也越來越快。為了節(jié)省時間或者是為了保持苗條身材，很多人不吃早餐，然而這樣做是絕對不科學(xué)的，尤其對于那些想要減肥的人是極其不利的。1. The word “l(fā)eftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means_. A. food remaining after a meal B. things left undone C. meals made of vegetables D. pizza topped with fruit 2. What can we infer from the text? A. Working w

49、omen usually have breakfast in a hurry. B. Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast. C. There are some easy ways of cooking a meal. D. Eating vegetables helps save energy. 3. According to the last paragraph, it is important to_. A. eat something for breakfast B. be careful about what you eat C.

50、heat up food before eating it D. eat calorie-controlled food 4. The text is written mainly for those_. A. who go to work early B. who want to lose weight C. who stay up late D. who eat before sleep Keys： 1. A；猜測詞義題。從文章最后一段last night可以猜測出leftovers的含義為“剩飯”。2.B；推理判斷題。第二段告訴我們很多人有種種借口不吃早餐，第三段開始“but”一詞告訴我

51、們這樣做是不對的。3. A；事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段第一句話告訴我們：早餐吃什么都可以，但要吃。4. B。主旨大意題。第三段第一句話以及第四段第一句話都提示我們：本文主要寫給那些想減肥的人。BMost bees are brown, hairy and 8 to 22 millimeters long. Bees are a large family. Over 25,000 kinds have been found. Among all of them, honey bees are the most common. Honey bees always live in groups calle

52、d hives (蜂群). Each hive has a queen, drones (雄蜂) and workers (工蜂). Like a human society, each bee in a hive knows its own job. The queen is the largest bee. She doesnt go out to work but lays eggs. Sometimes a queen can lay 3,000 eggs in a day. Drones do not collect food from flowers. They are the q

53、ueens husbands. When theres not much food, drones are often kicked out of the hive. Workers are the smallest and busiest bees. A colony can have 50,000 to 60,000 workers. They collect food for the queen and babies. They guard the hive and help to keep it cool by fanning their wings. A worker only live for 28 to 35 days. To collect a pound of honey (about half a kilogram