2014高職高專寫作大賽圖表作文講解及參考范文

1、英語四級圖表作文講解及參考范文圖表作文也是四(六)級考試中常見，而且被認(rèn)為是一種較難的作文形式。圖表作文就是把非文字信息(通常為各種圖表表示的數(shù)字信息等)轉(zhuǎn)換成文字信息的一種作文。它要求我們用文字來描述非文字性的圖表或?qū)D表顯示的關(guān)系作解釋說明。第一節(jié) 圖表作文的出題形式和寫作要領(lǐng)一、圖表作文常見出題形式圖表作文一般在題目中給出作文的標(biāo)題和一個或幾個統(tǒng)計表格、圓形圖、曲線圖或條形圖，有時還用英文或中文提綱的形式給出提示，要求我們：1)用文字描述圖表，客觀解釋圖表中所傳遞的信息，并找出某種規(guī)律或趨勢;2)就圖表中所反映的某種趨勢或問題分析其原因或后果。圖表作文著重說明事實(shí)，常常是通過對圖表中所反

2、映的具體數(shù)據(jù)的說明、分析、比較，對某種事物或現(xiàn)象的事實(shí)或變化情況等加以說明，并提出結(jié)論或看法。因此，圖表作文常常采用議論文體的寫作方法。寫好圖表作文，關(guān)鍵在于能否讀懂圖表中所提供的信息，把握各信息間的聯(lián)系，用準(zhǔn)確流暢的語言把這一信息表達(dá)出來，并就這一信息發(fā)表自己的看法。二、圖表作文的寫作步驟寫圖表作文時，要注意遵循以下步驟：1)認(rèn)真分析圖表的含義，弄清圖表中所含的信息及不同信息間的關(guān)系;2)確定文章的主題思想，構(gòu)思出文章的基本框架，篩選出能說明圖表主題思想的典型數(shù)據(jù);3)編列文章的提綱;4)根據(jù)文章的提綱，將各段的提綱內(nèi)容擴(kuò)展成段落，然后將各個段落組成文章，注意段與段之間的銜接與過渡;5)檢查

3、與修改。三、圖表作文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)寫圖表作文時，常采用三段式的陳述方式。文章的第一段往往分析圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)變化反映什么問題或趨勢，概述圖表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成這一問題或趨勢的原因。第三段則展望未來的情況或提出解決問題的辦法或建議。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡單地表述為：第一段：概述圖表反映的主題思想（總趨勢+極端值+特點(diǎn)，時態(tài)）第二段：分析產(chǎn)生的原因第三段：展望未來或提出方法或建議模板一 總的趨勢 圖表具體描述 剖析圖表所揭示的含義 理由一 理由二 理由三 理由四 總結(jié) 前景預(yù)測As can be seen from the table, the past decade has witnessed dra

4、matic changes in_. While _. It is obvious from the table that_.What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, _. Secondly, _ . Whats more, _. Last but not lease, _.In conclusion, _. Moreover, _.模板二描述圖表 分三方面解釋原因 下結(jié)論1) During the period from _to _, _rose from _to

5、 _, while _ decreased from _ to _.2) We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First,_. Second, _. Third, _.3) _.We are happy to see that things are becoming better and better nowadays. We can imagine that _.模板三描述圖表 解釋圖表 補(bǔ)充解釋 1) During the period between _ and _, _ declined abru

6、ptly from _ to _, while _ increased sharply from _ to _.2) Several reasons can account for this phenomenon. Compared with _ is much cheaper and more convenient_ . Apart from that, _.3) However, there are still a number of people who _, generally for two reasons. On the one hand,_. On the other hand,

7、 _.范文： Film Is Giving Way to TV1. 電影觀眾越來越少2. 電視觀眾越來越多，因?yàn)?. 然而，還是有人喜歡看電影，因?yàn)?.圖表類型：table 表格; chart 圖表; diagram圖表或圖解，示意圖; graph圖表, 曲線圖; column/ bar chart柱狀圖; pie graph餅圖 2. 描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal 顯示; represent表現(xiàn), 描繪 3.內(nèi)容：figure數(shù)字; statistic統(tǒng)計值; statisti

8、cs 用作復(fù)統(tǒng)計, 統(tǒng)計數(shù)字資料, 統(tǒng)計表number; percentage; proportion 表示數(shù)據(jù) 上升：increase, rise, ascend, core, surge, go up, climb, mount, level up 下降: decrease, fall, drop, descend, decline, reduce ,lessen, level, down 平穩(wěn): stable, steady, remain steady/stable; /maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to ; little/hardly an

9、y /no change 波動: fluctuate, fluctuation, rise and falls, up and down 占: occupy， take up， account for, gain 而: while, however, whereas , on the other hand, actually/in fact 相比: by contract, on the contrary, likewise, compared with 最高點(diǎn): the highest, the top, the summit, the peak, the most 最低點(diǎn): bottom,

10、 less, least, rock bottom最低點(diǎn) 例句Prices have hit rock bottom. 價格已達(dá)最低水平 平均: mean平均值, average 趨勢: tendency, trend, inclination 預(yù)見: prediction 達(dá)到頂峰: mount to 比例：20 per cent , 20% one in three, 1/3 one out of every four， 1/4 有一個穩(wěn)定的過程: a stable period can be seen 表示 變化程度的詞： sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的 rapid/ra

11、pidly 迅速的，飛快的，險峻的 dramatic/dramatically 戲劇性的，生動的 significant/significantly 有意義的，重大的，重要的 sharp/sharply 明顯的，急劇的 steep/steeply 急劇升降的 steady/steadily穩(wěn)固的，堅定不移的 gradual/gradually漸進(jìn)的，逐漸的 slow/slowly 緩慢的，不活躍的 slight/slightly 輕微的、略微地 stable/stably 穩(wěn)定的 表示范圍： fromto betweenand for to 多長時間直到 表示程度： almost adv. 幾

12、乎，差不多 nearly adv. 幾乎，密切地 approximately adv.近似的，大約 just over 剛超過 exactly adv. 正確地，嚴(yán)密地 precisely adv. 正好 精確地；清晰地 常用詞和短語 significant changes 圖中一些較大變化 noticeable trend 明顯趨勢 during the same period 在同一時期 grow/grew 增長 distribute 分布，區(qū)別 unequally 不相等地 pronounced 明顯的 average 平均 no doubt 無疑地 corresponding adj.

13、 相應(yīng)的，通訊的 represent vt. 闡述，表現(xiàn) overall 體上講 except 除外 in the case of adv. 在的情況下 in contrast 相反，大不相同 in conclusion adv. 最后，總之 in comparison 相比之下 inversely adv. 相反地，倒轉(zhuǎn)地 in general 通常，大體上，一般而言 rang fromto 從到不等 excessive adj. 過多的，過分的，額外 lower v.降低，跌落 elapse vi.（時間）過去，消逝 category n.種類 government policy 政府政策

14、 market forces 市場規(guī)律 measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，調(diào)節(jié) forecast n. 先見，預(yù)見 表示程度的副詞： 1.）程度較大： considerably dramatically greatly markedly obviously quickly rapidly sharply significantly suddenly 2） 程度較?。?slightly gradually slowly steadily四、圖表作文常用的句型(1)常用的開篇句型(即概述圖表內(nèi)容時常用的表達(dá)法) According to the table/pie chart/li

15、ne graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that 根據(jù)該表/圖，我們可知 The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that 該表/圖表明 As we can see from the table As can be seen from the line/bar graph As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart 如表/圖所示，(2) 描述增減變化常用的句型 Compared w

16、ith is still increased by The number of grew/rose from to An increase is shown in ; then came a sharp increase of In the number remains the same/drops to There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990. There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/d

17、ecline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).來看一篇范文： From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From J

18、une on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, its obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.主題句/概述表格反映的內(nèi)容(5)反映交通事故的變化情況(6)小

19、結(jié)：總結(jié)表格數(shù)據(jù)反映的總趨勢There are several reasons for the decline. First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car acci

20、dents, dropped steadily. Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten peoples awareness of observing traffic rules.主題句原因/措施一解釋措施一/次要輔助采取措施一后的結(jié)果原因/措施二原因/措施三 With all these new me

21、asures, Im sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year.總結(jié)：展望未來的情況第二節(jié) 圖表作文樣題與樣文舉例樣題一：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How People Spend Their Holidays. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition

22、 on the table and the outline given below: 1、 根據(jù)上表，簡要描述1990年、1995年、2000年某城市人們度假方式的情況及其變化； 2、 請說明發(fā)生這些變化的原因； 3、 得出結(jié)論。 How People Spend Their Holidays As is clearly shown in the table that there was a dramatic change in the way people spent their holidays between 1990 and 2000. Especially, in 1990, 63%

23、 of people spent their holidays at home, while the figure decreased considerably to 24% in 2000. There are three reasons for this phenomenon. To begin with, with the development of market-oriented economy, people earn by far more money than they used to, making it possible for them to afford traveli

24、ng expenses. In addition, people realize the importance of getting well-informed about the outside world in this modern era to develop their potential. For example, a traveler may encounter or talk with someone of a different cultural background so as to broaden his vision. Last but not least, by tr

25、aveling outside, people are close to nature, which is not only beneficial to both their health and peace of mind. In short, more and more people take the occasion of holiday to travel outside and relax themselves. As far as I am concerned, I prefer to go traveling instead of staying at home during h

26、olidays. On the one hand, I love meeting different people and take in some fresh ideas. On the other hand, it is agreed that the world is becoming a global village. No one could confine himself within his small circle of families or relatives. In brief, I have benefited a lot and will benefit more f

27、rom traveling during the holidays. 點(diǎn)評：該篇作文屬圖表作文，命題思路與四級真題圖表作文一致，仿真度高。本預(yù)測題關(guān)于人們旅游度假方式的變化，也是社會熱點(diǎn)話題，2006年1月就考過名校校園該不該成為旅游景點(diǎn)話題；2004年6月也是關(guān)于旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹。樣題二：The Pursuit of A Masters Degreea. 根據(jù)下圖描述某校畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)意向的變化 b. 分析選擇讀研的畢業(yè)生數(shù)目增加的原因c. 說明選擇讀研對個人和社會產(chǎn)生的影響It is illustrated in the pie charts that graduates choices aft

28、er graduation have experienced much change. The number of students choosing to pursue a masters degree and study abroad grows several times over the decade.The reasons of the increasing number of students pursuing a masters degree are as follows. First, with the number of college graduates growing e

29、ach year, the situation in the job market is getting tighter and tighter. The public awareness of the situation has created a surge of interest in seeking a masters degree. Secondly, many cross-national companies set a much higher standard for new recruits than ever. It seems that the higher educati

30、on you have, the higher salary you may receive.Choosing to study for masters degree will benefit the individuals and the whole society as well. The quality of Chinese intellectuals will be considerably enhanced, which in turn will boost the progress of the whole society. 樣題三：Direction: For this part

31、 you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic :Cell Phones .You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline below: 1. 描述上圖所示的手機(jī)用戶數(shù)的變化情況 2. 出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因 3. 對此現(xiàn)象作出評價 Cell Phones As is shown in the chart, cell phones are becoming increasingly popular with

32、in China. In 1999, the number of cell phones in use was only 2 million, but in 2002, the number reaches 5 million. And in the year 2005, the number has suddenly soared to 9 million. There are many factors contributing to this development. Firstly, a cell phone has no wires and can be carried everywh

33、ere easily. Secondly, a cell phone is something wonderful that we can have fun with news, games, music and chat through sending short messages. Thirdly, the drop in price and the simultaneous improvement in the functions have made it possible for an average person to make use of cell phone. The wide

34、 use of cell phones has make them more and more indispensable in peoples daily life. The many functions of the cell phone have made certain people reluctant to separate themselves from their cell phone. 點(diǎn)評：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，人民的生活水平不斷改善，通訊業(yè)的日新月異的發(fā)展，使得手機(jī)使用普及化，成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹谋匦杵?，對此的利弊人們看法各異。本預(yù)測題為熱點(diǎn)話題，同樣是年輕人較熟悉和經(jīng)常討

35、論的話題，值得關(guān)注。樣題四：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Blog. You should write at least 120 words based on the chart and outline given below: 下圖是2007年1-10月中國博客服務(wù)人均月度有效瀏覽時間及增長率，描述變化，說明原因。 Blog This histogram （柱狀圖；直方圖）shows the number of people using blog se

36、rvices from January to October in 2007. From it we can see that the number of users increased monthly from January to August, except February. After two peak months, July and August, the number dropped slightly in September, while in October it picked up again. Possible reasons for these changes are

37、 first, in February Chinese people celebrated the most important festivalChinese New Year. This means more people spent more time with their families and friends, and therefore they didnt have as much time for surfing online. Secondly, college students are the main users of blog services. While in J

38、uly and August，they had summer holidays, which enabled them to have more spare time reading and writing blogs. Thirdly, with improvements of blog services and the influence of some “star bloggers”, most of whom are celebrities, blogs are becoming an important way for people to express themselves and

39、 communicate with others. So more and more people are starting to use these services, which help explain the overall increase shown here. 點(diǎn)評：這是一篇圖表題。 可以看出，整體呈增長趨勢。但是，二月和九月有所下降。所以，分析的時候要照顧各個方面。 樣題五For this part, you are required to write a composition about 120 words on the topic: Changes in Peoples

40、Daily Expenses. Your composition should be written on the following table and Chinese given below. 1. 描述圖表中人們每天開支變化情況 2. 請說明發(fā)生這些變化的原因 3. 結(jié)合圖表對未來作出合理的預(yù)測 Changes in Peoples Daily Expenses. What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the peoples daily expenses f

41、rom 1995 to 1999. The expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7% . The statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to one another . There are two factors accounting for these changes. Developmen

42、t in economy is an essential one in the five years. The increased income resulting from economic growth plays an important part in the less expense on food. Hence, a small percentage of total income is enough to cover food expense. Another one is the changes in life style. When food presents no worr

43、y to the average, people begin to focus more of interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time . As a result of such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation increases year after year. From the analyses made above, we may come to the conclusion that peoples living standards have been constantly improved between 1995 and 1999. With the further growth in economy and more changes in life style, the tendency indicated in the table w